The Death of Cuchulain

W. B. Yeats (1865–1939) · 1895

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 94 lines · from Poems

A man came slowly from the setting sun,To Forgail's daughter, Emer, in her dun,And found her dyeing cloth with subtle care,And said, casting aside his draggled hair:"I am Aleel, the swineherd, whom you bid"Go dwell upon the sea cliffs, vapour hid;"But now my years of watching are no more."

Then Emer cast the web upon the floor,And stretching out her arms, red with the dye,Parted her lips with a loud sudden cry.

Looking on her, Aleel, the swineherd, said:"Not any god alive, nor mortal dead,"Has slain so mighty armies, so great kings,"Nor won the gold that now Cuchulain brings."

Aleel, the swineherd, wept and cast him downUpon the web-heaped floor, and thus his word:"With him is one sweet-throated like a bird."

"Who bade you tell these things?" and then she criedTo those about, "Beat him with thongs of hide"And drive him from the door."

And thus it was:And where her son, Finmole, on the smooth grassWas driving cattle, came she with swift feet,And called out to him, "Son, it is not meet"That you stay idling here with flocks and herds."

"I have long waited, mother, for those words:"But wherefore now?"

"There is a man to die;"You have the heaviest arm under the sky."

"My father dwells among the sea-worn bands,"And breaks the ridge of battle with his hands."

"Nay, he is old and sad with many wars,"And weary of the crash of battle cars."

"I only ask what way my journey lies,"For God, who made you bitter, made you wise."

"The Red Branch kings a tireless banquet keep,"Where the sun falls into the Western deep."Go there, and dwell on the green forest rim;"But tell alone your name and house to him"Whose blade compels, and bid them send you one"Who has a like vow from their triple dun."

Between the lavish shelter of a woodAnd the gray tide, the Red Branch multitudeFeasted, and with them old Cuchulain dwelt,And his young dear one close beside him knelt,And gazed upon the wisdom of his eyes,More mournful than the depth of starry skies,And pondered on the wonder of his days;And all around the harp-string told his praise,And Concobar, the Red Branch king of kings,With his own fingers touched the brazen strings.At last Cuchulain spake, "A young man strays"Driving the deer along the woody ways."I often hear him singing to and fro,"I often hear the sweet sound of his bow,"Seek out what man he is."

One went and came."He bade me let all know he gives his name"At the sword point, and bade me bring him one"Who had a like vow from our triple dun."

"I only of the Red Branch hosted now,"Cuchulain cried, "have made and keep that vow."

After short fighting in the leafy shade,He spake to the young man, "Is there no maid"Who loves you, no white arms to wrap you round,"Or do you long for the dim sleepy ground,"That you come here to meet this ancient sword?"

"Your head a while seemed like a woman's head"That I loved once."

Again the fighting sped,But now the war rage in Cuchulain woke,And through the other's shield his long blade broke,And pierced him.

"Speak before your breath is done.""I am Finmole, mighty Cuchulain's son."

While day its burden on to evening bore,With head bowed on his knees Cuchulain stayed;Then Concobar sent that sweet-throated maid,And she, to win him, his gray hair caressed;In vain her arms, in vain her soft white breast.Then Concobar, the subtlest of all men,Ranking his Druids round him ten by ten,Spake thus, "Cuchulain will dwell there and brood,"For three days more in dreadful quietude,"And then arise, and raving slay us all."Go, cast on him delusions magical,"That he might fight the waves of the loud sea."And ten by ten under a quicken tree,The Druids chaunted, swaying in their handsTall wands of alder, and white quicken wands.

In three days' time, Cuchulain with a moanStood up, and came to the long sands alone:For four days warred he with the bitter tide;And the waves flowed above him, and he died.

Words in this poem

swineherd n.
A keeper of swine.
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
vapour n.
Any substance in the gaseous, or aëriform, state, the condition of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid. [OE. vapour, OF. vapour, vapor, vapeur, F. vapeur, L. vapor; probably for cvapor, and akin to Gr. kvepti to breathe, smell, Russ. kopote fine soot. Cf. Vapid.]
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
starry a.
Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
stayed a.
Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid.
dreadful a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
quietude n.
Rest; repose; quiet; tranquillity. Shelley. [L. quietudo: cf. F. quiétude.]
alder a.
Of all; -- used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest, wisest of all. [From ealra, alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d is excrescent.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Death of Cuchulain is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #38877; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: W. B. Yeats, The Death of Cuchulain, in Poems (1895), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #38877, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/yeats-poems/the-death-of-cuchulain.html, id L16648.

Form and metre

The Death of Cuchulain is 94 lines in 21 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 77% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.5 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 18% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCC- sunA · dunA · careB · hairB · bidC · hidC · more
  2. 2 -AA floor · dyeA · cryA
  3. 3 AABB saidA · deadA · kingsB · bringsB
  4. 4 -AA down · wordA · birdA
  5. 5 AA- criedA · hideA · door
  6. 6 --AA- was · grass · feetA · meetA · herds
  7. 8 AA dieA · skyA
  8. 9 AA bandsA · handsA
  9. 11 AA liesA · wiseA
  10. 12 AABBCC keepA · deepA · rimB · himB · oneC · dunC
  11. 13 --AABBCCDDCCEE- wood · multitude · dweltA · kneltA · eyesB · skiesB · daysC · praiseC · kingsD · stringsD · straysC · waysC · froE · bowE · is
  12. 14 AABB cameA · nameA · oneB · dunB
  13. 15 AA nowA · vowA
  14. 16 AABB- shadeA · maidA · roundB · groundB · sword
  15. 18 -AA- sped · wokeA · brokeA · him
  16. 19 AA doneA · sonA
  17. 20 -AABBCCDDEEFF-- bore · stayedA · maidA · caressedB · breastB · menC · tenC · broodD · quietudeD · allE · magicalE · seaF · treeF · hands · wands
  18. 21 AABB moanA · aloneA · tideB · diedB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A man came slowly from the setting sun,10···/˘··/˘·
To Forgail's daughter, Emer, in her dun,10···/˘·····
And found her dyeing cloth with subtle care,10···/˘··/˘·
And said, casting aside his draggled hair:10··/˘˘/··˘·
"I am Aleel, the swineherd, whom you bid10·····/˘···
"Go dwell upon the sea cliffs, vapour hid;10·······/˘·
"But now my years of watching are no more."10·····/˘···
Then Emer cast the web upon the floor,10··········
And stretching out her arms, red with the dye,10·/˘·······
Parted her lips with a loud sudden cry.10/˘·····/˘·
Looking on her, Aleel, the swineherd, said:10/˘·····/˘·
"Not any god alive, nor mortal dead,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
"Has slain so mighty armies, so great kings,10···/˘/˘···
"Nor won the gold that now Cuchulain brings."10··········
Aleel, the swineherd, wept and cast him down10···/˘·····
Upon the web-heaped floor, and thus his word:10··········
"With him is one sweet-throated like a bird."10·····/˘···
"Who bade you tell these things?" and then she cried10··········
To those about, "Beat him with thongs of hide10··········
"And drive him from the door."6······
And thus it was:4····
And where her son, Finmole, on the smooth grass11···········
Was driving cattle, came she with swift feet,10·/˘/˘·····
And called out to him, "Son, it is not meet10··········
"That you stay idling here with flocks and herds."10···/˘·····
"I have long waited, mother, for those words:10···/˘/˘···
"But wherefore now?"4·/˘·
"There is a man to die;6······
"You have the heaviest arm under the sky."10···/˘·····
"My father dwells among the sea-worn bands,10·/˘·······
"And breaks the ridge of battle with his hands."10·····/˘···
"Nay, he is old and sad with many wars,10·······/˘·
"And weary of the crash of battle cars."10·/˘····/˘·
"I only ask what way my journey lies,10·/˘····/˘·
"For God, who made you bitter, made you wise."10·····/˘···
"The Red Branch kings a tireless banquet keep,10·····/˘/˘·
"Where the sun falls into the Western deep.10·······/˘·
"Go there, and dwell on the green forest rim;10·······/˘·
"But tell alone your name and house to him10··˘/······
"Whose blade compels, and bid them send you one10··˘/······
"Who has a like vow from their triple dun."10·······/˘·
Between the lavish shelter of a wood10···/˘/˘···
And the gray tide, the Red Branch multitude10·······/˘·
Feasted, and with them old Cuchulain dwelt,10/˘········
And his young dear one close beside him knelt,10······˘/··
And gazed upon the wisdom of his eyes,10·····/˘···
More mournful than the depth of starry skies,10·/˘····/˘·
And pondered on the wonder of his days;10·/˘··/˘···
And all around the harp-string told his praise,10··········
And Concobar, the Red Branch king of kings,10··········
With his own fingers touched the brazen strings.10···/˘··/˘·
At last Cuchulain spake, "A young man strays10··········
"Driving the deer along the woody ways.10/˘··˘/·/˘·
"I often hear him singing to and fro,10·/˘··/˘···
"I often hear the sweet sound of his bow,10·/˘·······
"Seek out what man he is."6······
One went and came.4····
"He bade me let all know he gives his name10··········
"At the sword point, and bade me bring him one10··········
"Who had a like vow from our triple dun."10······//˘·
"I only of the Red Branch hosted now,"10·/˘····/˘·
Cuchulain cried, "have made and keep that vow."10··········
After short fighting in the leafy shade,10···/˘··/˘·
He spake to the young man, "Is there no maid10··········
"Who loves you, no white arms to wrap you round,10··········
"Or do you long for the dim sleepy ground,10·······/˘·
"That you come here to meet this ancient sword?"10·······/˘·
"Your head a while seemed like a woman's head10·······/˘·
"That I loved once."4····
Again the fighting sped,6˘/·/˘·
But now the war rage in Cuchulain woke,10··········
And through the other's shield his long blade broke,10···/˘·····
And pierced him.3···
"Speak before your breath is done."7·······
"I am Finmole, mighty Cuchulain's son."11·····/˘····
While day its burden on to evening bore,10···/˘··/˘·
With head bowed on his knees Cuchulain stayed;10··········
Then Concobar sent that sweet-throated maid,10·······/˘·
And she, to win him, his gray hair caressed;10········˘/
In vain her arms, in vain her soft white breast.10··········
Then Concobar, the subtlest of all men,10·····/˘···
Ranking his Druids round him ten by ten,10/˘·/˘·····
Spake thus, "Cuchulain will dwell there and brood,10··········
"For three days more in dreadful quietude,10·····/˘/˘˘
"And then arise, and raving slay us all.10··˘/·/˘···
"Go, cast on him delusions magical,10····˘/˘/˘˘
"That he might fight the waves of the loud sea."10··········
And ten by ten under a quicken tree,10·······/˘·
The Druids chaunted, swaying in their hands10·/˘··/˘···
Tall wands of alder, and white quicken wands.10···/˘··/˘·
In three days' time, Cuchulain with a moan10··········
Stood up, and came to the long sands alone:10········˘/
For four days warred he with the bitter tide;10·······/˘·
And the waves flowed above him, and he died.10··········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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