Massachusetts to Virginia
THE blast from Freedom's Northern hills, upon its Southern way,Bears greeting to Virginia from Massachusetts Bay.No word of haughty challenging, nor battle bugle's peal,Nor steady tread of marching files, nor clang of horsemen's steel.
No trains of deep-mouthed cannon along our highways go;Around our silent arsenals untrodden lies the snow;And to the land-breeze of our ports, upon their errands far,A thousand sails of commerce swell, but none are spread for war.
We hear thy threats, Virginia! thy stormy words and high,Swell harshly on the Southern winds which melt along our sky;Yet, not one brown, hard hand foregoes its honest labor here,No hewer of our mountain oaks suspends his axe in fear.
Wild are the waves which lash the reefs along St. George's bank;Cold on the shore of Labrador the fog lies white and dank;Through storm, and wave, and blinding mist, stoutare the hearts which manThe fishing-smacks of Marblehead, the sea-boats of Cape Ann.
The cold north light and wintry sun glare on their icy forms,Bent grimly o'er their straining lines or wrestling with the storms;Free as the winds they drive before, rough as the waves they roam,They laugh to scorn the slaver's threat against their rocky home.
What means the Old Dominion? Hath she forgot the dayWhen o'er her conquered valleys swept the Briton's steel array?How side by side, with sons of hers, the Massachusetts menEncountered Tarleton's charge of fire, and stout Cornwallis, then?
Forgets she how the Bay State, in answer to the callOf her old House of Burgesses, spoke out from Faneuil Hall?When, echoing back her Henry's cry, came pulsing on each breathOf Northern winds, the thrilling sounds of "Liberty or Death!"
What asks the Old Dominion? If now her sons have provedFalse to their fathers' memory, false to the faith they loved;If she can scoff at Freedom, and its great charter spurn,Must we of Massachusetts from truth and duty turn?
We hunt your bondmen, flying from Slavery's hateful hell;Our voices, at your bidding, take up the bloodhound's yell;We gather, at your summons, above our fathers' graves,From Freedom's holy altar-horns to tear your wretched slaves!
Thank God! not yet so vilely can Massachusetts bow;The spirit of her early time is with her even now;Dream not because her Pilgrim blood moves slow and calm and cool,She thus can stoop her chainless neck, a sister's slave and tool!
All that a sister State should do, all that a free State may,Heart, hand, and purse we proffer, as in our early day;But that one dark loathsome burden ye must stagger with alone,And reap the bitter harvest which ye yourselves have sown!
Hold, while ye may, your struggling slaves, and burden God's free airWith woman's shriek beneath the lash, and manhood's wild despair;Cling closer to the "cleaving curse" that writes upon your plainsThe blasting of Almighty wrath against a land of chains.
Still shame your gallant ancestry, the cavaliers of old,By watching round the shambles where human flesh is sold;Gloat o'er the new-born child, and count his market value, whenThe maddened mother's cry of woe shall pierce the slaver's den!
Lower than plummet soundeth, sink the Virginia name;Plant, if ye will, your fathers' graves with rankest weeds of shame;Be, if ye will, the scandal of God's fair universe;We wash our hands forever of your sin and shame and curse.
A voice from lips whereon the coal from Freedom's shrine hath been,Thrilled, as but yesterday, the hearts of Berkshire's mountain men:The echoes of that solemn voice are sadly lingering stillIn all our sunny valleys, on every wind-swept hill.
And when the prowling man-thief came hunting for his preyBeneath the very shadow of Bunker's shaft of gray,How, through the free lips of the son, the father's warning spoke;How, from its bonds of trade and sect, the Pilgrim city broke!
A hundred thousand right arms were lifted up on high,A hundred thousand voices sent back their loud reply;Through the thronged towns of Essex the startling summons rang,And up from bench and loom and wheel her young mechanics sprang!
The voice of free, broad Middlesex, of thousands as of one,The shaft of Bunker calling to that of Lexington;From Norfolk's ancient villages, from Plymouth's rocky boundTo where Nantucket feels the arms of ocean close her round;
From rich and rural Worcester, where through the calm reposeOf cultured vales and fringing woods the gentle Nashua flows,To where Wachuset's wintry blasts the mountain larches stir,Swelled up to Heaven the thrilling cry of "God save Latimer!"
And sandy Barnstable rose up, wet with the salt sea spray;And Bristol sent her answering shout down Narragansett BayAlong the broad Connecticut old Hampden felt the thrill,And the cheer of Hampshire's woodmen swept down from Holyoke Hill.
The voice of Massachusetts! Of her free sons and daughters,Deep calling unto deep aloud, the sound of many waters!Against the burden of that voice what tyrant power shall stand?No fetters in the Bay State! No slave upon her land!
Look to it well, Virginians! In calmness we have borne,In answer to our faith and trust, your insult and your scorn;You've spurned our kindest counsels; you've hunted for our lives;And shaken round our hearths and homes your manacles and gyves!
We wage no war, we lift no arm, we fling no torch withinThe fire-clamps of the quaking mine beneath your soil of sin;We leave ye with your bondmen, to wrestle, while ye can,With the strong upward tendencies and godlike soul of man!
But for us and for our children, the vow which we have givenFor freedom and humanity is registered in heaven;No slave-hunt in our borders,--no pirate on our strand!No fetters in the Bay State,--no slave upon our land!
Words in this poem 31
- haughty a.
- High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
- peal v. i.
- To appeal. Spencer.
- clang v. t.
- To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound. [L. clangere; akin to Gr. clank.]
- dank n.
- Moisture; humidity; water.
- wintry a.
- Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
- glare v. i.
- To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
- grimly a.
- Grim; hideous; stern.
- spoke n.
- The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
- thrilling a.
- Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance.
- spurn v. t.
- To drive back or away, as with the foot; to kick. [OE. spurnen to kick against, to stumble over, AS. spurnan to kick, offend; akin to spura spur, OS. & OHG. spurnan to kick, Icel. spyrna, L. spernere to despise,]
- hateful a.
- Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.
- thank n.
- A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -]
- chainless a.
- Having no chain; not restrained or fettered.
- reap n.
- A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. Wright. [Cf. AS. rip harvest. See Reap, v.]
- closer n.
- One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under Boot.
- gloat v. i.
- To look steadfastly; to gaz In vengeance gloating on another's pain. [Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G. glotzen to gloat.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- plummet n.
- A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. [OE. plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom, plum, lead, F. plomb. See Plumb.]
- scandal n.
- Offense caused or experienced; reproach or reprobation called forth by what is regarded as wrong, criminal, heinous, or flagrant: opprobrium or disgrace. [F. scandale, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. scandle, OF. escandle. See Slander.]
- whereon adv.
- On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
- sadly adv.
- Wearily; heavily; firmly.
- sunny a.
- Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
- prowling a.
- Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as for prey.
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- bunker n.
- A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves for a seat. Jamieson. [Scot. bunker, bunkart, a bench, or low chest, serving for a seat. Cf. Bunk, Bank, Bench.]
- cultured a.
- Under culture; cultivated.
- latimer n.
- An interpreter. Coke. [OF. latinier, latimier, prop., one knowing Latin.]
- bristol n.
- A seaport city in the west of England. Bristol board, a kind of fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface.
- aloud adv.
- With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
- wage v. i.
- To bind one's self; to engage.
- wrestle v. i.
- To contend, by grappling with, and striving to trip or throw down, an opponent; as, they wrestled skillfully. [OE. wrestlen, wrastlen, AS. wr, freq. of wr to wrest; akin to OD. wrastelen to wrestle. See Wrest, v. t.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Massachusetts to Virginia is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, Massachusetts to Virginia, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/massachusetts-to-virginia.html, id L24860.
Form and metre
Massachusetts to Virginia is 97 lines in 24 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is AABB, complete in 17 of its 24 stanzas. The metre is iambic heptameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%).
See other poems in iambic heptameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABB wayA · bayA · pealB · steelB
- 2 AA-- goA · snowA · far · war
- 3 AABB highA · skyA · hereB · fearB
- 4 AA-BB bankA · dankA · stout · manB · annB
- 5 AABB formsA · stormsA · roamB · homeB
- 6 AABB dayA · arrayA · menB · thenB
- 7 AABB callA · hallA · breathB · deathB
- 8 --AA proved · loved · spurnA · turnA
- 9 AABB hellA · yellA · gravesB · slavesB
- 10 AABB bowA · nowA · coolB · toolB
- 11 AABB mayA · dayA · aloneB · sownB
- 12 AABB airA · despairA · plainsB · chainsB
- 13 AABB oldA · soldA · whenB · denB
- 14 AABB nameA · shameA · universeB · curseB
- 15 --AA been · men · stillA · hillA
- 16 AABB preyA · grayA · spokeB · brokeB
- 17 AABB highA · replyA · rangB · sprangB
- 18 AABB oneA · lexingtonA · boundB · roundB
- 19 AA-- reposeA · flowsA · stir · latimer
- 20 AABB sprayA · bayA · thrillB · hillB
- 21 AABB daughtersA · watersA · standB · landB
- 22 AA-- borneA · scornA · lives · gyves
- 23 AABB withinA · sinA · canB · manB
- 24 --AA given · heaven · strandA · landA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic heptameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| THE blast from Freedom's Northern hills, upon its Southern way, | 14 | ···/˘/˘····/˘· |
| Bears greeting to Virginia from Massachusetts Bay. | 13 | ·/˘·˘/˘··˘/˘· |
| No word of haughty challenging, nor battle bugle's peal, | 14 | ···/˘/˘˘·/˘/˘· |
| Nor steady tread of marching files, nor clang of horsemen's steel. | 14 | ·/˘··/˘····/˘· |
| No trains of deep-mouthed cannon along our highways go; | 14 | ·····/˘˘//˘/·· |
| Around our silent arsenals untrodden lies the snow; | 14 | ··//˘/˘˘······ |
| And to the land-breeze of our ports, upon their errands far, | 14 | ······/····/˘· |
| A thousand sails of commerce swell, but none are spread for war. | 14 | ·/˘··/˘······· |
| We hear thy threats, Virginia! thy stormy words and high, | 13 | ····˘/˘·/˘··· |
| Swell harshly on the Southern winds which melt along our sky; | 14 | ·/˘··/˘···˘//· |
| Yet, not one brown, hard hand foregoes its honest labor here, | 14 | ······˘/·/˘/˘· |
| No hewer of our mountain oaks suspends his axe in fear. | 14 | ·/˘·//˘·˘/···· |
| Wild are the waves which lash the reefs along St. George's bank; | 14 | ········˘/·/˘· |
| Cold on the shore of Labrador the fog lies white and dank; | 14 | ·····/˘······· |
| Through storm, and wave, and blinding mist, stout | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| are the hearts which man | 5 | ····· |
| The fishing-smacks of Marblehead, the sea-boats of Cape Ann. | 14 | ·/˘··/˘······· |
| The cold north light and wintry sun glare on their icy forms, | 14 | ·····/˘····/˘· |
| Bent grimly o'er their straining lines or wrestling with the storms; | 14 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘··· |
| Free as the winds they drive before, rough as the waves they roam, | 14 | ·············· |
| They laugh to scorn the slaver's threat against their rocky home. | 14 | ···········/˘· |
| What means the Old Dominion? Hath she forgot the day | 13 | ····˘/˘··˘/·· |
| When o'er her conquered valleys swept the Briton's steel array? | 14 | ···/˘/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| How side by side, with sons of hers, the Massachusetts men | 14 | ··········˘/˘· |
| Encountered Tarleton's charge of fire, and stout Cornwallis, then? | 14 | ˘//˘··/˘··˘/˘· |
| Forgets she how the Bay State, in answer to the call | 13 | ˘/······/˘··· |
| Of her old House of Burgesses, spoke out from Faneuil Hall? | 14 | ·····/˘···/˘˘· |
| When, echoing back her Henry's cry, came pulsing on each breath | 14 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘··· |
| Of Northern winds, the thrilling sounds of "Liberty or Death!" | 14 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘˘·· |
| What asks the Old Dominion? If now her sons have proved | 14 | ····˘/˘······˘ |
| False to their fathers' memory, false to the faith they loved; | 14 | ···/˘/˘˘······ |
| If she can scoff at Freedom, and its great charter spurn, | 13 | ·····/˘···/˘· |
| Must we of Massachusetts from truth and duty turn? | 13 | ····˘/˘···/˘· |
| We hunt your bondmen, flying from Slavery's hateful hell; | 14 | ·····/˘·/˘˘/˘· |
| Our voices, at your bidding, take up the bloodhound's yell; | 14 | /˘/˘··/˘···/˘· |
| We gather, at your summons, above our fathers' graves, | 14 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘/˘· |
| From Freedom's holy altar-horns to tear your wretched slaves! | 14 | ·/˘/˘/˘····/˘· |
| Thank God! not yet so vilely can Massachusetts bow; | 14 | ··········˘/˘· |
| The spirit of her early time is with her even now; | 14 | ·/˘··/˘····/˘· |
| Dream not because her Pilgrim blood moves slow and calm and cool, | 14 | ·····/˘······· |
| She thus can stoop her chainless neck, a sister's slave and tool! | 14 | ·····/˘··/˘··· |
| All that a sister State should do, all that a free State may, | 14 | ···/˘········· |
| Heart, hand, and purse we proffer, as in our early day; | 14 | ·····/˘··/˘/˘· |
| But that one dark loathsome burden ye must stagger with alone, | 15 | ····/˘/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| And reap the bitter harvest which ye yourselves have sown! | 13 | ···/˘/˘··/˘·· |
| Hold, while ye may, your struggling slaves, and burden God's free air | 14 | ·····/˘··/˘··· |
| With woman's shriek beneath the lash, and manhood's wild despair; | 14 | ·/˘······/··˘/ |
| Cling closer to the "cleaving curse" that writes upon your plains | 14 | ·/˘··/˘······· |
| The blasting of Almighty wrath against a land of chains. | 14 | ·/˘·˘/˘······· |
| Still shame your gallant ancestry, the cavaliers of old, | 14 | ···/˘/˘˘··˘/·· |
| By watching round the shambles where human flesh is sold; | 13 | ·/˘··/˘·/˘··· |
| Gloat o'er the new-born child, and count his market value, when | 14 | ·········/˘/˘· |
| The maddened mother's cry of woe shall pierce the slaver's den! | 14 | ·/˘/˘········· |
| Lower than plummet soundeth, sink the Virginia name; | 13 | /˘·/˘/˘··˘/˘· |
| Plant, if ye will, your fathers' graves with rankest weeds of shame; | 14 | ·····/˘··/˘··· |
| Be, if ye will, the scandal of God's fair universe; | 13 | ·····/˘···/˘· |
| We wash our hands forever of your sin and shame and curse. | 14 | ··/·˘/˘······· |
| A voice from lips whereon the coal from Freedom's shrine hath been, | 14 | ····˘/···/˘··· |
| Thrilled, as but yesterday, the hearts of Berkshire's mountain men: | 14 | ···/˘····/·/˘· |
| The echoes of that solemn voice are sadly lingering still | 14 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘/˘· |
| In all our sunny valleys, on every wind-swept hill. | 14 | ··//˘/˘·/˘˘··· |
| And when the prowling man-thief came hunting for his prey | 13 | ···/˘···/˘··· |
| Beneath the very shadow of Bunker's shaft of gray, | 13 | ···/˘/··/˘··· |
| How, through the free lips of the son, the father's warning spoke; | 14 | ·········/˘/˘· |
| How, from its bonds of trade and sect, the Pilgrim city broke! | 14 | ·········/˘/˘· |
| A hundred thousand right arms were lifted up on high, | 14 | ·/˘˘/˘···/˘··· |
| A hundred thousand voices sent back their loud reply; | 14 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘····˘/ |
| Through the thronged towns of Essex the startling summons rang, | 14 | ···˘··/˘·/˘/˘· |
| And up from bench and loom and wheel her young mechanics sprang! | 14 | ··········˘/˘· |
| The voice of free, broad Middlesex, of thousands as of one, | 14 | ·····/˘··/˘··· |
| The shaft of Bunker calling to that of Lexington; | 13 | ···/˘/˘···/˘˘ |
| From Norfolk's ancient villages, from Plymouth's rocky bound | 14 | ·/˘/˘/˘˘·/˘/˘· |
| To where Nantucket feels the arms of ocean close her round; | 14 | ··˘/˘····/˘··· |
| From rich and rural Worcester, where through the calm repose | 13 | ···/˘/˘····˘/ |
| Of cultured vales and fringing woods the gentle Nashua flows, | 14 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘/˘· |
| To where Wachuset's wintry blasts the mountain larches stir, | 14 | ·····/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Swelled up to Heaven the thrilling cry of "God save Latimer!" | 15 | ···/˘·/˘····/˘˘ |
| And sandy Barnstable rose up, wet with the salt sea spray; | 14 | ·/˘··········· |
| And Bristol sent her answering shout down Narragansett Bay | 14 | ·/˘··/˘···˘/˘· |
| Along the broad Connecticut old Hampden felt the thrill, | 14 | ˘/··˘/˘˘······ |
| And the cheer of Hampshire's woodmen swept down from Holyoke Hill. | 15 | ····/˘·····/˘·· |
| The voice of Massachusetts! Of her free sons and daughters, | 14 | ····˘/˘·····/˘ |
| Deep calling unto deep aloud, the sound of many waters! | 15 | ·/˘···˘/···/˘/˘ |
| Against the burden of that voice what tyrant power shall stand? | 14 | ···/˘····/˘/·· |
| No fetters in the Bay State! No slave upon her land! | 13 | ·/˘·········· |
| Look to it well, Virginians! In calmness we have borne, | 13 | ····˘/˘·/˘··· |
| In answer to our faith and trust, your insult and your scorn; | 14 | ·/˘·/····/···· |
| You've spurned our kindest counsels; you've hunted for our lives; | 14 | ··//˘/˘·/˘·/˘· |
| And shaken round our hearths and homes your manacles and gyves! | 14 | ·/˘·/˘········ |
| We wage no war, we lift no arm, we fling no torch within | 14 | ·············· |
| The fire-clamps of the quaking mine beneath your soil of sin; | 14 | ·/···/˘······· |
| We leave ye with your bondmen, to wrestle, while ye can, | 13 | ········/˘··· |
| With the strong upward tendencies and godlike soul of man! | 14 | ···/˘/˘˘·/˘··· |
| But for us and for our children, the vow which we have given | 15 | ·····//˘·····/˘ |
| For freedom and humanity is registered in heaven; | 15 | ·/˘·˘/˘˘·/˘˘·/˘ |
| No slave-hunt in our borders,--no pirate on our strand! | 14 | ····//˘·/˘·/˘· |
| No fetters in the Bay State,--no slave upon our land! | 14 | ·/˘········/˘· |
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