A Legend of "The Red, White, and Blue," A. D. 1154-1864

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) · 1865

common measure · 116 lines · from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform

A STRONG and mighty Angel,Calm, terrible, and bright,The cross in blended red and blueUpon his mantle white.

Two captives by him kneeling,Each on his broken chain,Sang praise to God who raisethThe dead to life again!

Dropping his cross-wrought mantle,"Wear this," the Angel said;"Take thou, O Freedom's priest, its sign,The white, the blue, and red."

Then rose up John de MathaIn the strength the Lord Christ gave,And begged through all the land of FranceThe ransom of the slave.

The gates of tower and castleBefore him open flew,The drawbridge at his coming fell,The door-bolt backward drew.

For all men owned his errand,And paid his righteous tax;And the hearts of lord and peasantWere in his hands as wax.

At last, outbound from Tunis,His bark her anchor weighed,Freighted with seven-score Christian soulsWhose ransom he had paid.

But, torn by Paynim hatred,Her sails in tatters hung;And on the wild waves, rudderless,A shattered hulk she swung.

"God save us!" cried the captain,"For naught can man avail;Oh, woe betide the ship that lacksHer rudder and her sail!

"Behind us are the Moormen;At sea we sink or strandThere's death upon the water,There's death upon the land!"

Then up spake John de Matha"God's errands never fail!Take thou the mantle which I wear,And make of it a sail."

They raised the cross-wrought mantle,The blue, the white, the red;And straight before the wind off-shoreThe ship of Freedom sped.

"God help us!" cried the seamen,"For vain is mortal skillThe good ship on a stormy seaIs drifting at its will."

Then up spake John de Matha"My mariners, never fearThe Lord whose breath has filled her sailMay well our vessel steer!"

So on through storm and darknessThey drove for weary hours;And lo! the third gray morning shoneOn Ostia's friendly towers.

And on the walls the watchersThe ship of mercy knew,They knew far off its holy cross,The red, the white, and blue.

And the bells in all the steeplesRang out in glad accord,To welcome home to Christian soilThe ransomed of the Lord.

So runs the ancient legendBy bard and painter told;And lo! the cycle rounds again,The new is as the old!

With rudder foully broken,And sails by traitors torn,Our country on a midnight seaIs waiting for the morn.

Before her, nameless terror;Behind, the pirate foe;The clouds are black above her,The sea is white below.

The hope of all who suffer,The dread of all who wrong,She drifts in darkness and in storm,How long, O Lord I how long?

But courage, O my marinersYe shall not suffer wreck,While up to God the freedman's prayersAre rising from your deck.

Is not your sail the bannerWhich God hath blest anew,The mantle that De Matha wore,The red, the white, the blue?

Its hues are all of heaven,The red of sunset's dye,The whiteness of the moon-lit cloud,The blue of morning's sky.

Wait cheerily, then, O mariners,For daylight and for land;The breath of God is in your sail,Your rudder is His hand.

Sail on, sail on, deep-freightedWith blessings and with hopes;The saints of old with shadowy handsAre pulling at your ropes.

Behind ye holy martyrsUplift the palm and crown;Before ye unborn ages sendTheir benedictions down.

Take heart from John de Matha!--God's errands never fail!Sweep on through storm and darkness,The thunder and the hail!

Sail on! The morning cometh,The port ye yet shall win;And all the bells of God shall ringThe good ship bravely in!

Words in this poem

rudderless a.
Without a rudder.
hulk n.
The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service. [OE. hulke a heavy ship, AS. hulc a light, swift ship; akin to D. hulk a ship of burden, G. holk, OHG. holcho; perh. fr. LL. holcas, Gr. Wolf, Holcad.]
betide v. t.
To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the wanderer. [OE. bitiden; pref. bi-, be- + tiden, fr. AS. tidan, to happen, fr. tid time. See Tide.]
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
foully v.
In a foul manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully; unfairly; dishonorably.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
nameless a.
Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
cheerily adv.
In a cheery manner.
daylight n.
The light of day as opposed to the darkness of night; the light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or to artificial light.
uplift v. t.
To lift or raise aloft; to raise; to elevate; as, to uplift the arm; to uplift a rock.
unborn a.
Not born; no yet brought into life; being still to appear; future.
bravely adv.
In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Legend of "The Red, White, and Blue," A. D. 1154-1864 is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, A Legend of "The Red, White, and Blue," A. D. 1154-1864, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/a-legend-of-the-red-white-and-blue-a-d-1154-1864.html, id L24924.

Form and metre

A Legend of "The Red, White, and Blue," A. D. 1154-1864 is 116 lines in 29 stanzas of 4 lines each. The metre is common measure, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%).

See other poems in common measure.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A angel · brightA · blue · whiteA
  2. 2 -A-A kneeling · chainA · raiseth · againA
  3. 3 -A-A mantle · saidA · sign · redA
  4. 4 -A-A matha · gaveA · france · slaveA
  5. 5 ABAB castleA · flewB · fellA · drewB
  6. 6 -A-A errand · taxA · peasant · waxA
  7. 7 -A-A tunis · weighedA · souls · paidA
  8. 8 -A-A hatred · hungA · rudderless · swungA
  9. 9 -A-A captain · availA · lacks · sailA
  10. 10 -A-A moormen · strandA · water · landA
  11. 11 -A-A matha · failA · wear · sailA
  12. 12 -A-A mantle · redA · shore · spedA
  13. 13 -A-A seamen · skillA · sea · willA
  14. 14 -A-A matha · fearA · sail · steerA
  15. 15 -A-A darkness · hoursA · shone · towersA
  16. 16 -A-A watchers · knewA · cross · blueA
  17. 17 -A-A steeples · accordA · soil · lordA
  18. 18 -A-A legend · toldA · again · oldA
  19. 19 -A-A broken · tornA · sea · mornA
  20. 20 -A-A terror · foeA · her · belowA
  21. 21 -A-A suffer · wrongA · storm · longA
  22. 22 -A-A mariners · wreckA · prayers · deckA
  23. 23 -A-A banner · anewA · wore · blueA
  24. 24 -A-A heaven · dyeA · cloud · skyA
  25. 25 -A-A mariners · landA · sail · handA
  26. 26 -A-A freighted · hopesA · hands · ropesA
  27. 27 -A-A martyrs · crownA · send · downA
  28. 28 -A-A matha · failA · darkness · hailA
  29. 29 -A-A cometh · winA · ring · inA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against common measure. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A STRONG and mighty Angel,7···/˘/˘
Calm, terrible, and bright,6·/˘˘··
The cross in blended red and blue8···/˘···
Upon his mantle white.6···/˘·
Two captives by him kneeling,7·/˘··/˘
Each on his broken chain,6···/˘·
Sang praise to God who raiseth7·····/˘
The dead to life again!6····˘/
Dropping his cross-wrought mantle,7/˘···/˘
"Wear this," the Angel said;6···/˘·
"Take thou, O Freedom's priest, its sign,8···/˘···
The white, the blue, and red."6······
Then rose up John de Matha7·······
In the strength the Lord Christ gave,7·······
And begged through all the land of France8········
The ransom of the slave.6·/˘···
The gates of tower and castle7···/·/˘
Before him open flew,6···/˘·
The drawbridge at his coming fell,8·/···/˘·
The door-bolt backward drew.6···/˘·
For all men owned his errand,7·····/˘
And paid his righteous tax;6···/˘·
And the hearts of lord and peasant8······/˘
Were in his hands as wax.6······
At last, outbound from Tunis,7··/···/
His bark her anchor weighed,6···/˘·
Freighted with seven-score Christian souls8/˘·/·/˘·
Whose ransom he had paid.6·/˘···
But, torn by Paynim hatred,7···/˘/˘
Her sails in tatters hung;6···/˘·
And on the wild waves, rudderless,7·····/˘
A shattered hulk she swung.6·/˘···
"God save us!" cried the captain,7·····/˘
"For naught can man avail;6····˘/
Oh, woe betide the ship that lacks8··˘/····
Her rudder and her sail!6·/˘···
"Behind us are the Moormen;7·······
At sea we sink or strand6······
There's death upon the water,7·····/˘
There's death upon the land!"6······
Then up spake John de Matha7·······
"God's errands never fail!6·/˘/˘·
Take thou the mantle which I wear,8···/˘···
And make of it a sail."6······
They raised the cross-wrought mantle,7·····/˘
The blue, the white, the red;6······
And straight before the wind off-shore8········
The ship of Freedom sped.6···/˘·
"God help us!" cried the seamen,7·····/˘
"For vain is mortal skill6···/˘·
The good ship on a stormy sea8·····/˘·
Is drifting at its will."6·/˘···
Then up spake John de Matha7·······
"My mariners, never fear6·/˘˘/·
The Lord whose breath has filled her sail8········
May well our vessel steer!"6··//˘·
So on through storm and darkness7·····/˘
They drove for weary hours;7···/˘/˘
And lo! the third gray morning shone8·····/˘·
On Ostia's friendly towers.6·/˘/˘/
And on the walls the watchers7·····/˘
The ship of mercy knew,6···/˘·
They knew far off its holy cross,8·····/˘·
The red, the white, and blue.6······
And the bells in all the steeples8······/˘
Rang out in glad accord,6····˘/
To welcome home to Christian soil8·/˘··/˘·
The ransomed of the Lord.6·/˘···
So runs the ancient legend7···/˘/˘
By bard and painter told;6···/˘·
And lo! the cycle rounds again,8···/˘·˘/
The new is as the old!6······
With rudder foully broken,7·/˘/˘/˘
And sails by traitors torn,6···/˘·
Our country on a midnight sea8//˘··/··
Is waiting for the morn.6·/˘···
Before her, nameless terror;7···/˘/˘
Behind, the pirate foe;6···/˘·
The clouds are black above her,7·······
The sea is white below.6······
The hope of all who suffer,7·····/˘
The dread of all who wrong,6······
She drifts in darkness and in storm,8···/˘···
How long, O Lord I how long?7·······
But courage, O my mariners7·/˘··/˘
Ye shall not suffer wreck,6···/˘·
While up to God the freedman's prayers8·····/˘·
Are rising from your deck.6·/˘···
Is not your sail the banner7·····/˘
Which God hath blest anew,6····˘/
The mantle that De Matha wore,8·/˘·····
The red, the white, the blue?6······
Its hues are all of heaven,7·····/˘
The red of sunset's dye,6···/··
The whiteness of the moon-lit cloud,8·/˘·····
The blue of morning's sky.6···/˘·
Wait cheerily, then, O mariners,8·/˘˘··/˘
For daylight and for land;6·/····
The breath of God is in your sail,8········
Your rudder is His hand.6·/˘···
Sail on, sail on, deep-freighted7·····/˘
With blessings and with hopes;6·/˘···
The saints of old with shadowy hands8·····/˘·
Are pulling at your ropes.6·/˘···
Behind ye holy martyrs7···/˘/˘
Uplift the palm and crown;6/˘····
Before ye unborn ages send8···///˘·
Their benedictions down.6··˘/˘·
Take heart from John de Matha!--7·······
God's errands never fail!6·/˘/˘·
Sweep on through storm and darkness,7·····/˘
The thunder and the hail!6·/˘···
Sail on! The morning cometh,7···/˘/˘
The port ye yet shall win;6······
And all the bells of God shall ring8········
The good ship bravely in!6···/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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