Outlines for a Tomb

Walt Whitman (1819–1892) · 1855–1892

Free verse · unrhymed · 50 lines · from Leaves of Grass

What may we chant, O thou within this tomb?What tablets, outlines, hang for thee, O millionnaire?The life thou lived’st we know not,But that thou walk’dst thy years in barter, ’mid the haunts ofbrokers,Nor heroism thine, nor war, nor glory.

Silent, my soul,With drooping lids, as waiting, ponder’d,Turning from all the samples, monuments of heroes.

While through the interior vistas,Noiseless uprose, phantasmic, (as by night Auroras of the north,)Lambent tableaus, prophetic, bodiless scenes,Spiritual projections.

In one, among the city streets a laborer’s home appear’d,After his day’s work done, cleanly, sweet-air’d, the gaslight burning,The carpet swept and a fire in the cheerful stove.

In one, the sacred parturition scene,A happy painless mother birth’d a perfect child.

In one, at a bounteous morning meal,Sat peaceful parents with contented sons.

In one, by twos and threes, young people,Hundreds concentring, walk’d the paths and streets and roads,Toward a tall-domed school.

In one a trio beautiful,Grandmother, loving daughter, loving daughter’s daughter, sat,Chatting and sewing.

In one, along a suite of noble rooms,’Mid plenteous books and journals, paintings on the walls, fine statuettes,Were groups of friendly journeymen, mechanics young and old,Reading, conversing.

All, all the shows of laboring life,City and country, women’s, men’s and children’s,Their wants provided for, hued in the sun and tinged for once with joy,Marriage, the street, the factory, farm, the house-room, lodging-room,Labor and toll, the bath, gymnasium, playground, library, college,The student, boy or girl, led forward to be taught,The sick cared for, the shoeless shod, the orphan father’d and mother’d,The hungry fed, the houseless housed;(The intentions perfect and divine,The workings, details, haply human.)

O thou within this tomb,From thee such scenes, thou stintless, lavish giver,Tallying the gifts of earth, large as the earth,Thy name an earth, with mountains, fields and tides.

Nor by your streams alone, you rivers,By you, your banks Connecticut,By you and all your teeming life old Thames,By you Potomac laving the ground Washington trod, by you Patapsco,You Hudson, you endless Mississippi--nor you alone,But to the high seas launch, my thought, his memory.

Words in this poem 19
heroism n.
The qualities characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities. [F. héroïsme.]
lambent a.
Playing on the surface; touching lightly; gliding over. [L. lambens, -enlis, p. pr. of lambere to lick; akin to lap. See Lap to drink by licking.]
bodiless a.
Having no body.
cleanly a.
Habitually clean; pure; innocent. [From Clean.]
gaslight n.
The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.
painless a.
Free from pain; without pain.
bounteous a.
Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as, bounteous production. [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.]
trio n.
Three, considered collectively; three in company or acting together; a set of three; three united. [It., fr. L. tres, tria, three: cf. F. trio, from the Italian. See Three.]
suite n.
A retinue or company of attendants, as of a distinguished personage; as, the suite of an ambassador. See Suit, n., 5. [F. See Suit, n.]
laboring a.
That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring days.
hued a.
Having color; -- usually in composition; as, bright-hued; many- hued.
gymnasium n.
A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics.
playground n.
A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the playground of a school.
shoeless a.
Destitute of shoes.
houseless a.
Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless wanderer.
haply adv.
By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
stintless a.
Without stint or restraint.
giver n.
One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.
teeming a.
Prolific; productive.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Outlines for a Tomb is in the public domain. This text is taken from Leaves of Grass, Project Gutenberg ebook #1322; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Walt Whitman, Outlines for a Tomb, in Leaves of Grass (1855–1892), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1322, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whitman-leaves/outlines-for-a-tomb.html, id L03992.

Form and metre

Outlines for a Tomb is 50 lines in 12 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 83% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.8 syllables. 18 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 3 --AA vistas · north · scenesA · projectionsA
  2. 7 A-A peopleA · roads · schoolA
  3. 10 --------AA life · children's · joy · room · college · taught · mother'd · housed · divineA · humanA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
What may we chant, O thou within this tomb?10··········
What tablets, outlines, hang for thee, O millionnaire?12·/˘/········
The life thou lived’st we know not,8········
But that thou walk’dst thy years in barter, ’mid the haunts of13·······/˘····
brokers,2/˘
Nor heroism thine, nor war, nor glory.11·/˘·˘····/˘
Silent, my soul,4/˘··
With drooping lids, as waiting, ponder’d,9·/˘··/˘/˘
Turning from all the samples, monuments of heroes.13/˘···/˘/˘˘·/˘
While through the interior vistas,9···˘/˘˘/˘
Noiseless uprose, phantasmic, (as by night Auroras of the north,)16/˘········˘/˘···
Lambent tableaus, prophetic, bodiless scenes,11/˘˘/˘/˘/˘˘·
Spiritual projections.7/˘˘˘˘/˘
In one, among the city streets a laborer’s home appear’d,15·····/˘··/˘˘·˘/
After his day’s work done, cleanly, sweet-air’d, the gaslight burning,15······/˘···/˘/˘
The carpet swept and a fire in the cheerful stove.13·/˘···/˘··/˘·
In one, the sacred parturition scene,10···/˘·····
A happy painless mother birth’d a perfect child.12·/˘/˘/˘··˘/·
In one, at a bounteous morning meal,10····/˘˘/˘·
Sat peaceful parents with contented sons.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
In one, by twos and threes, young people,9·······/˘
Hundreds concentring, walk’d the paths and streets and roads,12/˘··········
Toward a tall-domed school.6······
In one a trio beautiful,8···/·/˘˘
Grandmother, loving daughter, loving daughter’s daughter, sat,14/·˘/˘/˘/˘/˘/˘·
Chatting and sewing.5/˘·/˘
In one, along a suite of noble rooms,10··˘/···/˘·
’Mid plenteous books and journals, paintings on the walls, fine statuettes,17·/˘˘··/˘/˘·····˘/
Were groups of friendly journeymen, mechanics young and old,14···/˘···˘/˘···
Reading, conversing.5/˘˘/˘
All, all the shows of laboring life,9·····/˘˘·
City and country, women’s, men’s and children’s,11/˘·/˘/˘··/˘
Their wants provided for, hued in the sun and tinged for once with joy,16··˘/˘···········
Marriage, the street, the factory, farm, the house-room, lodging-room,15/˘···/˘˘····/˘·
Labor and toll, the bath, gymnasium, playground, library, college,17/˘····˘/˘˘/·/·˘/˘
The student, boy or girl, led forward to be taught,12·/˘····/˘···
The sick cared for, the shoeless shod, the orphan father’d and mother’d,16·····/˘··/˘/˘···
The hungry fed, the houseless housed;8·/˘··/˘·
(The intentions perfect and divine,9·˘/˘˘/·˘/
The workings, details, haply human.)9·/˘˘//˘/˘
O thou within this tomb,6······
From thee such scenes, thou stintless, lavish giver,11·····/˘/˘/˘
Tallying the gifts of earth, large as the earth,11/˘˘········
Thy name an earth, with mountains, fields and tides.10·····/˘···
Nor by your streams alone, you rivers,9····˘/·/˘
By you, your banks Connecticut,8····˘/˘˘
By you and all your teeming life old Thames,10·····/˘···
By you Potomac laving the ground Washington trod, by you Patapsco,18··˘/˘····/˘˘······
You Hudson, you endless Mississippi--nor you alone,14·/˘·/˘·˘/˘··˘/
But to the high seas launch, my thought, his memory.12·········/˘˘

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