To the Queen, Occasioned upon Sight of Her Majesty's Picture

Edmund Waller (1606–1687) · 1645–1668

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 68 lines · from Poetical Works

Well fare the hand, which to our humble sightPresents that beauty, which the dazzling lightOf royal splendour hides from weaker eyes,And all access, save by this art, denies.Here only we have courage to beholdThis beam of glory; here we dare unfoldIn numbers thus the wonders we conceive;The gracious image, seeming to give leave,Propitious stands, vouchsafing to be seen;And by our Muse saluted Mighty Queen,In whom th'extremes of power and beauty move,The Queen of Britain and the Queen of Love!

As the bright sun (to which we owe no sightOf equal glory to your beauty's light)Is wisely placed in so sublime a seat,T' extend his light, and moderate his heat;So, happy 'tis you move in such a sphere,As your high Majesty with awful fearIn human breasts might qualify that fire,Which, kindled by those eyes, had flamèd higherThan when the scorched world like hazard run,By the approach of the ill-guided sun.

No other nymphs have title to men's hearts,But as their meanness larger hope imparts;Your beauty more the fondest lover movesWith admiration than his private loves;With admiration! for a pitch so high(Save sacred Charles his) never love durst fly.Heaven, that preferr'd a sceptre to your hand,Favour'd our freedom more than your command;Beauty had crown'd you, and you must have beenThe whole world's mistress, other than a Queen.All had been rivals, and you might have spared,Or kill'd, and tyrannised, without a guard;No power achieved, either by arms or birth,Equals love's empire both in heaven and earth.Such eyes as yours on Jove himself have thrownAs bright and fierce a lightning as his own;Witness our Jove, prevented by their flameIn his swift passage to th'Hesperian dame;

When, like a lion, finding, in his wayTo some intended spoil, a fairer prey,The royal youth pursuing the reportOf beauty, found it in the Gallic court;There public care with private passion foughtA doubtful combat in his noble thought:Should he confess his greatness, and his love,And the free faith of your great brother prove;With his Achates breaking through the cloudOf that disguise which did their graces shroud;And mixing with those gallants at the ball,Dance with the ladies, and outshine them all;Or on his journey o'er the mountains ride?--So when the fair Leucothoë he espied,To check his steeds impatient Phoebus yearn'd,Though all the world was in his course concern'd.What may hereafter her meridian do,Whose dawning beauty warm'd his bosom so?Not so divine a flame, since deathless godsForbore to visit the defiled abodesOf men, in any mortal breast did burn;Nor shall, till piety and they return.

'Sea-born niece': Venus.'Majesty's picture': Henrietta, daughter of Henry IV., married byproxy to Charles I. in Paris, 1st May 1625. Marriages made in Mayare said to be unlucky--this certainly was.'Great brother': Louis XIII., King of France.'Graces shroud': 'Achates,' the Duke of Buckingham.

Words in this poem

splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
admiration n.
Wonder; astonishment. [F., fr. L. admiratio. See Admire.]
sceptre n.
A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
jove n.
The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]
dame n.
A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady. [F. dame, LL. domna, fr. L. domina mistress, lady, fem. of dominus master, ruler, lord; akin to domare to tame, subdue. See Tame, and cf. Dam mother, Dan, Danger]
outshine v. i.
To shine forth.
phoebus n.
Apollo; the sun god.
hereafter adv.
In time to come; in some future time or state. [AS. hræfter.]
deathless a.
Not subject to death, destruction, or extinction; immortal; undying; imperishable; as, deathless beings; deathless fame.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
duke n.
A leader; a chief; a prince. [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr. ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To the Queen, Occasioned upon Sight of Her Majesty's Picture is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poetical Works of Edmund Waller and Sir John Denham, Project Gutenberg ebook #12322; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Edmund Waller, To the Queen, Occasioned upon Sight of Her Majesty's Picture, in Poetical Works (1645–1668), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12322, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/waller-denham/to-the-queen-occasioned-upon-sight-of-her-majesty-s-picture.html, id L09086.

Form and metre

To the Queen, Occasioned upon Sight of Her Majesty's Picture is 68 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 76% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 29% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFF sightA · lightA · eyesB · deniesB · beholdC · unfoldC · conceiveD · leaveD · seenE · queenE · moveF · loveF
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEE sightA · lightA · seatB · heatB · sphereC · fearC · fireD · higherD · runE · sunE
  3. 3 AA--BBCC----DDEEFF heartsA · impartsA · moves · loves · highB · flyB · handC · commandC · been · queen · spared · guard · birthD · earthD · thrownE · ownE · flameF · dameF
  4. 4 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHH----II wayA · preyA · reportB · courtB · foughtC · thoughtC · loveD · proveD · cloudE · shroudE · ballF · allF · rideG · espiedG · yearn'dH · concern'dH · do · so · gods · abodes · burnI · returnI
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Well fare the hand, which to our humble sight10······//˘·
Presents that beauty, which the dazzling light10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Of royal splendour hides from weaker eyes,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And all access, save by this art, denies.10··/·····˘/
Here only we have courage to behold10·/˘··/˘·˘/
This beam of glory; here we dare unfold10···/˘···˘/
In numbers thus the wonders we conceive;10·/˘··/˘·˘/
The gracious image, seeming to give leave,10·/˘/˘/˘···
Propitious stands, vouchsafing to be seen;10˘/˘·······
And by our Muse saluted Mighty Queen,10··/·˘/˘/˘·
In whom th'extremes of power and beauty move,10·····/·/˘·
The Queen of Britain and the Queen of Love!10···/˘·····
As the bright sun (to which we owe no sight10··········
Of equal glory to your beauty's light)10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Is wisely placed in so sublime a seat,10·/˘···˘/··
T' extend his light, and moderate his heat;10·˘/···/˘··
So, happy 'tis you move in such a sphere,10·/˘·······
As your high Majesty with awful fear10···/˘˘·/˘·
In human breasts might qualify that fire,11·/˘··/˘··/˘
Which, kindled by those eyes, had flamèd higher10·/˘·····/˘
Than when the scorched world like hazard run,10····˘··/˘·
By the approach of the ill-guided sun.10··˘/···/˘·
No other nymphs have title to men's hearts,10·/˘··/˘···
But as their meanness larger hope imparts;10···/˘/˘·˘/
Your beauty more the fondest lover moves10·/˘··/˘/˘·
With admiration than his private loves;10··˘/˘··/˘·
With admiration! for a pitch so high10··˘/˘·····
(Save sacred Charles his) never love durst fly.10·/˘··/˘···
Heaven, that preferr'd a sceptre to your hand,10/·˘/·/˘···
Favour'd our freedom more than your command;10··//˘···˘/
Beauty had crown'd you, and you must have been10/˘········
The whole world's mistress, other than a Queen.10···/˘/˘···
All had been rivals, and you might have spared,10···/˘·····
Or kill'd, and tyrannised, without a guard;10··········
No power achieved, either by arms or birth,10·/˘//˘····
Equals love's empire both in heaven and earth.10/˘·/˘··/··
Such eyes as yours on Jove himself have thrown10······˘/··
As bright and fierce a lightning as his own;10·····/˘···
Witness our Jove, prevented by their flame10/˘/·˘/˘···
In his swift passage to th'Hesperian dame;10···/˘·····
When, like a lion, finding, in his way10···/˘/˘···
To some intended spoil, a fairer prey,10··˘/˘··/˘·
The royal youth pursuing the report10·/˘·˘/˘·˘/
Of beauty, found it in the Gallic court;10·/˘····/˘·
There public care with private passion fought10·/˘··/˘/˘·
A doubtful combat in his noble thought:10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Should he confess his greatness, and his love,10··˘/·/˘···
And the free faith of your great brother prove;10·······/˘·
With his Achates breaking through the cloud9····/˘···
Of that disguise which did their graces shroud;10··˘/···/˘·
And mixing with those gallants at the ball,10·/˘··/˘···
Dance with the ladies, and outshine them all;10···/˘·/···
Or on his journey o'er the mountains ride?--10···/˘··/˘·
So when the fair Leucothoë he espied,9·········
To check his steeds impatient Phoebus yearn'd,10····˘/˘/˘·
Though all the world was in his course concern'd.10········˘/
What may hereafter her meridian do,10··˘/˘·˘/˘·
Whose dawning beauty warm'd his bosom so?10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Not so divine a flame, since deathless gods10··˘/···/˘·
Forbore to visit the defiled abodes10˘/·/˘···˘/
Of men, in any mortal breast did burn;10···/˘/˘···
Nor shall, till piety and they return.10···/˘˘··˘/
'Sea-born niece': Venus.5···/˘
'Majesty's picture': Henrietta, daughter of Henry IV., married by17/˘/˘·˘/˘/˘·/˘·/˘·
proxy to Charles I. in Paris, 1st May 1625. Marriages made in May15/˘····/˘··/˘···
are said to be unlucky--this certainly was.11····˘/˘·/˘·
'Great brother': Louis XIII., King of France.9·/˘/˘····
'Graces shroud': 'Achates,' the Duke of Buckingham.11/˘······/˘·
Notes from the edition 2

George Gilfillan's notes to the Poetical Works of Edmund Waller and Sir John Denham (1857; Project Gutenberg #12322).

  1. Stanza 4, line 8 'Great brother': Louis XIII., King of France.
  2. Stanza 4, line 10 'Graces shroud': 'Achates,' the Duke of Buckingham.

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