The Orphan

Various (about 800), translated by Arthur Waley · 1918

iambic tetrameter · unrhymed · 53 lines · from A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems

To be an orphan,To be fated to be an orphan.How bitter is this lot!When my father and mother were aliveI used to ride in a carriageWith four fine horses.

But when they both died,My brother and sister-in-lawSent me out to be a merchant.In the south I travelled to the “Nine Rivers”And in the east as far as Ch’i and Lu.At the end of the year when I came homeI dared not tell them what I had suffered--Of the lice and vermin in my head,Of the dust in my face and eyes.My brother told me to get ready the dinner.My sister-in-law told me to see after the horses.I was always going up into the hallAnd running down again to the parlour.My tears fell like rain.

In the morning they sent me to draw water,I didn’t get back till night-fall.My hands were all soreAnd I had no shoes.I walked the cold earthTreading on thorns and brambles.As I stopped to pull out the thorns,How bitter my heart was!My tears fell and fellAnd I went on sobbing and sobbing.In winter I have no great-coat;Nor in summer, thin clothes.It is no pleasure to be alive.I had rather quickly leave the earthAnd go beneath the Yellow Springs.The April winds blowAnd the grass is growing green.In the third month--silkworms and mulberries,In the sixth month--the melon-harvest.I went out with the melon-cartAnd just as I was coming homeThe melon-cart turned over.The people who came to help me were few,But the people who ate the melons were many,All they left me was the stalks--To take home as fast as I could.My brother and sister-in-law were harsh,They asked me all sorts of awful questions.Why does everyone in the village hate me?I want to write a letter and send itTo my mother and father under the earth,And tell them I can’t go on any longerLiving with my brother and sister-in-law.

Words in this poem

vermin n.
An animal, in general. [OE. vermine, F. vermine, from L. vermis a worm; cf. LL. vermen a worm, L. verminosus full of worms. See Vermicular, Worm.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
sobbing n.
A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.
everyone n.
Everybody; -- commonly separated, every one. [OE. everychon.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Orphan is in the public domain. This text is taken from A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #42290, the Arthur Waley translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Various, The Orphan, in A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems (1918), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #42290, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/waley-chinese/the-orphan.html, id L18742.

Form and metre

The Orphan is 53 lines in 3 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter. 86% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.4 syllables. 18 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 26% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA---- orphanA · orphanA · lot · alive · carriage · horses
  2. 2 ------AAB-B--- died · law · merchant · rivers · lu · home · sufferedA · headA · eyesB · dinner · horsesB · hall · parlour · rain
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
To be an orphan,5···/˘
To be fated to be an orphan.9··/˘···/˘
How bitter is this lot!6·/˘···
When my father and mother were alive10··/˘·/˘·˘/
I used to ride in a carriage8······/˘
With four fine horses.5···/˘
But when they both died,5·····
My brother and sister-in-law8·/˘·/˘··
Sent me out to be a merchant.8······/˘
In the south I travelled to the “Nine Rivers”11····/˘···/˘
And in the east as far as Ch’i and Lu.10··········
At the end of the year when I came home10··········
I dared not tell them what I had suffered--10········/˘
Of the lice and vermin in my head,9····/˘···
Of the dust in my face and eyes.8········
My brother told me to get ready the dinner.12·/˘····/˘·/˘
My sister-in-law told me to see after the horses.14·/˘·········/˘
I was always going up into the hall11··/·/˘·····
And running down again to the parlour.10·/˘·˘/··/˘
My tears fell like rain.5·····
In the morning they sent me to draw water,11··/˘·····/˘
I didn’t get back till night-fall.8·/˘·····
My hands were all sore5·····
And I had no shoes.5·····
I walked the cold earth5·····
Treading on thorns and brambles.7/˘···/˘
As I stopped to pull out the thorns,8········
How bitter my heart was!6·/˘···
My tears fell and fell5·····
And I went on sobbing and sobbing.9····/˘·/˘
In winter I have no great-coat;8·/˘·····
Nor in summer, thin clothes.6··/˘··
It is no pleasure to be alive.9···/˘··˘/
I had rather quickly leave the earth9··/˘/˘···
And go beneath the Yellow Springs.8·····/˘·
The April winds blow5·/˘··
And the grass is growing green.7····/˘·
In the third month--silkworms and mulberries,10····/··/·˘
In the sixth month--the melon-harvest.9·····/˘/˘
I went out with the melon-cart8·····/˘·
And just as I was coming home8·····/˘·
The melon-cart turned over.7·/˘····
The people who came to help me were few,10·/˘·······
But the people who ate the melons were many,12··/˘···/˘·/˘
All they left me was the stalks--7·······
To take home as fast as I could.8········
My brother and sister-in-law were harsh,10·/˘·/˘····
They asked me all sorts of awful questions.10······/˘/˘
Why does everyone in the village hate me?11··/˘···/˘··
I want to write a letter and send it10·····/˘···
To my mother and father under the earth,11··/˘·/˘····
And tell them I can’t go on any longer11·······/˘/˘
Living with my brother and sister-in-law.11/˘··/˘·/˘··
Notes from the edition 1

Arthur Waley's notes to A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems (1918; Project Gutenberg #42290).

  1. Stanza 3, line 15 Hades.

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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