The Charcoal-Seller (A Satire Against “Kommandatur”)

Various (about 800), translated by Arthur Waley · 1918

iambic tetrameter · 29 lines · from A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems

An old charcoal-sellerCutting wood and burning charcoal in the forests of the SouthernMountain.His face, stained with dust and ashes, has turned to the colour ofsmoke.The hair on his temples is streaked with gray: his ten fingers areblack.The money he gets by selling charcoal, how far does it go?It is just enough to clothe his limbs and put food in his mouth.Although, alas, the coat on his back is a coat without lining.He hopes for the coming of cold weather, to send up the price ofcoal!Last night, outside the city,--a whole foot of snow;At dawn he drives the charcoal wagon along the frozen ruts.Oxen,--weary; man,--hungry: the sun, already high;Outside the Gate, to the south of the Market, at last they stop inthe mud.Suddenly, a pair of prancing horsemen. Who can it be coming?A public official in a yellow coat and a boy in a white shirt.In their hands they hold a written warrant: on their tongues--thewords of an order;They turn back the wagon and curse the oxen, leading them off to thenorth.A whole wagon of charcoal,More than a thousand pieces!If officials choose to take it away, the woodman may not complain.Half a piece of red silk and a single yard of damask,The Courtiers have tied to the oxen’s collar, as the priceof a wagon of coal!

Words in this poem

woodman n.
A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a forester. [Eng.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Charcoal-Seller (A Satire Against “Kommandatur”) is in the public domain. This text is taken from A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #42290, the Arthur Waley translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Various, The Charcoal-Seller (A Satire Against “Kommandatur”), in A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems (1918), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #42290, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/waley-chinese/the-charcoal-seller-a-satire-against-kommandatur.html, id L18836.

Form and metre

The Charcoal-Seller (A Satire Against “Kommandatur”) is 29 lines in a single stanza. 87% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.8 syllables. 8 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 31% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---A---B--ACB------D-D-C----C seller · southern · mountain · ofA · smoke · are · black · goB · mouth · lining · ofA · coalC · snowB · ruts · high · in · mud · coming · shirt · theD · order · theD · north · charcoalC · pieces · complain · damask · price · coalC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
An old charcoal-seller6··/·/˘
Cutting wood and burning charcoal in the forests of the Southern16/˘··/˘/···/˘··/˘
Mountain.2
His face, stained with dust and ashes, has turned to the colour of15······/˘····/˘·
smoke.1·
The hair on his temples is streaked with gray: his ten fingers are15····/˘······/˘·
black.1·
The money he gets by selling charcoal, how far does it go?15·/˘···/˘/······
It is just enough to clothe his limbs and put food in his mouth.15···˘/··········
Although, alas, the coat on his back is a coat without lining.16··˘/··········/˘
He hopes for the coming of cold weather, to send up the price of16····/˘··/˘······
coal!1·
Last night, outside the city,--a whole foot of snow;12··//·/˘·····
At dawn he drives the charcoal wagon along the frozen ruts.15·····/·/˘˘/·/˘·
Oxen,--weary; man,--hungry: the sun, already high;13/˘/˘·/˘··˘/˘·
Outside the Gate, to the south of the Market, at last they stop in16//·······/˘·····
the mud.2··
Suddenly, a pair of prancing horsemen. Who can it be coming?16/˘˘···/˘/˘····/˘
A public official in a yellow coat and a boy in a white shirt.18·/˘˘/˘··/˘········
In their hands they hold a written warrant: on their tongues--the14······/˘/˘····
words of an order;5···/˘
They turn back the wagon and curse the oxen, leading them off to the17····/˘···/˘/˘····
north.1·
A whole wagon of charcoal,7··/˘·/·
More than a thousand pieces!7···/˘/˘
If officials choose to take it away, the woodman may not complain.17·˘/˘····˘/·/˘··˘/
Half a piece of red silk and a single yard of damask,14········/˘··/˘
The Courtiers have tied to the oxen’s collar, as the price15·/˘˘····/˘/˘···
of a wagon of coal!6··/˘··

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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