Lycidas

Virgil (70 BC–19 BC) · 1881

iambic pentameter · 76 lines · from The Eclogues

But surely I had heardThat where the hills first draw from off the plain,And the high ridge with gentle slope descends,Down to the brook-side and the broken crestsOf yonder veteran beeches, all the landWas by the songs of your Menalcas saved.

Heard it you had, and so the rumour ran,But 'mid the clash of arms, my Lycidas,Our songs avail no more than, as 'tis said,Doves of Dodona when an eagle comes.Nay, had I not, from hollow ilex-boleWarned by a raven on the left, cut shortThe rising feud, nor I, your Moeris here,No, nor Menalcas, were alive to-day.

Alack! could any of so foul a crimeBe guilty? Ah! how nearly, thyself,Reft was the solace that we had in thee,Menalcas! Who then of the Nymphs had sung,Or who with flowering herbs bestrewn the ground,And o'er the fountains drawn a leafy veil?-Who sung the stave I filched from you that dayTo Amaryllis wending, our hearts' joy?-"While I am gone, 'tis but a little way,Feed, Tityrus, my goats, and, having fed,Drive to the drinking-pool, and, as you drive,Beware the he-goat; with his horn he butts."

Ay, or to Varus that half-finished lay,"Varus, thy name, so still our Mantua live-Mantua to poor Cremona all too near-Shall singing swans bear upward to the stars."

So may your swarms Cyrnean yew-trees shun,Your kine with cytisus their udders swell,Begin, if aught you have. The Muses madeMe too a singer; I too have sung; the swainsCall me a poet, but I believe them not:For naught of mine, or worthy Varius yetOr Cinna deem I, but account myselfA cackling goose among melodious swans.

'Twas in my thought to do so, Lycidas;Even now was I revolving silentlyIf this I could recall- no paltry song:"Come, Galatea, what pleasure is 't to playAmid the waves? Here glows the Spring, here earthBeside the streams pours forth a thousand flowers;Here the white poplar bends above the cave,And the lithe vine weaves shadowy covert: come,Leave the mad waves to beat upon the shore."

What of the strain I heard you singing onceOn a clear night alone? the notes I stillRemember, could I but recall the words.

"Why, Daphnis, upward gazing, do you markThe ancient risings of the Signs? for lookWhere Dionean Caesar's star comes forthIn heaven, to gladden all the fields with corn,And to the grape upon the sunny slopesHer colour bring! Now, the pears;So shall your children's children pluck their fruit.

Time carries all things, even our wits, away.Oft, as a boy, I sang the sun to rest,But all those songs are from my memory fled,And even his voice is failing Moeris now;The wolves eyed Moeris first: but at your wishMenalcas will repeat them oft enow.

Your pleas but linger out my heart's desire:Now all the deep is into silence hushed,And all the murmuring breezes sunk to sleep.We are half-way thither, for Bianor's tombBegins to show: here, Moeris, where the hindsAre lopping the thick leafage, let us sing.Set down the kids, yet shall we reach the town;Or, if we fear the night may gather rainEre we arrive, then singing let us go,Our way to lighten; and, that we may thusGo singing, I will case you of this load.

Cease, boy, and get we to the work in hand:We shall sing better when himself is come.

Words in this poem 22
yonder adv.
At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
rumour n.
A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety. [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare, rumitare to rumor, Skr. ru to cry.]
bole n.
The trunk or stem of a tree, or that which is like it. [OE. bole, fr. Icel. bolr; akin to Sw. bål, Dan. bul, trunk, stem of a tree, G. bohle a thick plank or board; cf. LG. boll round. Cf. Bulge.]
alack interj.
An exclamation expressive of sorrow. [Prob. from ah! lack! OE. lak loss, failure, misfortune. See Lack.]
reft n.
A chink; a rift. See Rift. Rom. of R.
solace n.
Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief. [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium, fr. solari to comfort, console. Cf. Console, v. t.]
amaryllis n.
A pastoral sweetheart.
beware v. t.
To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.
varus n.
A deformity in which the foot is turned inward. See Talipes.
mantua n.
A superior kind of rich silk formerly exported from Mantua in Italy. Beck (Draper's Dict.).
cremona n.
A superior kind of violin, formerly made at Cremona, in Italy.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
cackling n.
The broken noise of a goose or a hen.
galatea n.
A kind of striped cotton fabric, usually of superior quality and striped with blue or red on white.
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
lithe v. i.
To listen or listen to; to hearken to. P. Plowman. [Icel Listen.]
gladden v. t.
To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate. [See Glad, v. t.]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
enow
A form of Enough.
leafage n.
Leaves, collectively; foliage.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Lycidas is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Bucolics and Eclogues, Project Gutenberg ebook #230; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Virgil, Lycidas, in The Eclogues (1881), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #230, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/virgil-eclogues/lycidas.html, id L25459.

Form and metre

Lycidas is 76 lines in 11 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 3 ------A-A--- crime · thyself · thee · sung · ground · veil · dayA · joy · wayA · fed · drive · butts
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
But surely I had heard6·/˘···
That where the hills first draw from off the plain,10··········
And the high ridge with gentle slope descends,10·····/˘·˘/
Down to the brook-side and the broken crests10·······/˘·
Of yonder veteran beeches, all the land10·/˘/˘/˘···
Was by the songs of your Menalcas saved.10··········
Heard it you had, and so the rumour ran,10········˘·
But 'mid the clash of arms, my Lycidas,10··········
Our songs avail no more than, as 'tis said,10/·˘/······
Doves of Dodona when an eagle comes.10·······/˘·
Nay, had I not, from hollow ilex-bole10·····/˘/˘·
Warned by a raven on the left, cut short10···/˘·····
The rising feud, nor I, your Moeris here,10·/˘·······
No, nor Menalcas, were alive to-day.10······˘/··
Alack! could any of so foul a crime10˘/·/˘·····
Be guilty? Ah! how nearly, thyself,9·/˘··/˘˘/
Reft was the solace that we had in thee,10···/˘·····
Menalcas! Who then of the Nymphs had sung,10··········
Or who with flowering herbs bestrewn the ground,10···/˘·····
And o'er the fountains drawn a leafy veil?-10···/˘··/˘·
Who sung the stave I filched from you that day10··········
To Amaryllis wending, our hearts' joy?-10··˘/˘/˘/··
"While I am gone, 'tis but a little way,10·······/˘·
Feed, Tityrus, my goats, and, having fed,10·······/˘·
Drive to the drinking-pool, and, as you drive,10···/˘·····
Beware the he-goat; with his horn he butts."10˘/········
Ay, or to Varus that half-finished lay,10···/˘··/˘·
"Varus, thy name, so still our Mantua live-10/˘····//˘·
Mantua to poor Cremona all too near-10/˘··˘/˘···
Shall singing swans bear upward to the stars."10·/˘··/˘···
So may your swarms Cyrnean yew-trees shun,9·········
Your kine with cytisus their udders swell,10··········
Begin, if aught you have. The Muses made10˘/·····/˘·
Me too a singer; I too have sung; the swains11···/˘······
Call me a poet, but I believe them not:11···/˘··˘/··
For naught of mine, or worthy Varius yet10·····/˘···
Or Cinna deem I, but account myself10······˘/·/
A cackling goose among melodious swans.10·/˘···˘/˘·
'Twas in my thought to do so, Lycidas;10··········
Even now was I revolving silently11/˘···˘/˘/˘˘
If this I could recall- no paltry song:10····˘/·/˘·
"Come, Galatea, what pleasure is 't to play12··˘/˘·/˘····
Amid the waves? Here glows the Spring, here earth10˘/········
Beside the streams pours forth a thousand flowers;11˘/·····/˘/˘
Here the white poplar bends above the cave,10···/˘·····
And the lithe vine weaves shadowy covert: come,10·····/˘/˘·
Leave the mad waves to beat upon the shore."10··········
What of the strain I heard you singing once10·······/˘·
On a clear night alone? the notes I still10····˘/····
Remember, could I but recall the words.10˘/˘···˘/··
"Why, Daphnis, upward gazing, do you mark10·/˘/˘/˘···
The ancient risings of the Signs? for look10·/˘/˘·····
Where Dionean Caesar's star comes forth8···/˘···
In heaven, to gladden all the fields with corn,10·/·/˘·····
And to the grape upon the sunny slopes10·······/˘·
Her colour bring! Now, the pears;7·/˘····
So shall your children's children pluck their fruit.10···/˘/˘···
Time carries all things, even our wits, away.10·/˘··//·˘/
Oft, as a boy, I sang the sun to rest,10··········
But all those songs are from my memory fled,10·······/˘·
And even his voice is failing Moeris now;10·/···/˘···
The wolves eyed Moeris first: but at your wish10··········
Menalcas will repeat them oft enow.10····˘/··˘/
Your pleas but linger out my heart's desire:11···/˘···˘/˘
Now all the deep is into silence hushed,10·······/˘·
And all the murmuring breezes sunk to sleep.10···/˘/˘···
We are half-way thither, for Bianor's tomb10····/˘····
Begins to show: here, Moeris, where the hinds10˘/········
Are lopping the thick leafage, let us sing.10·/˘··/˘···
Set down the kids, yet shall we reach the town;10··········
Or, if we fear the night may gather rain10·······/˘·
Ere we arrive, then singing let us go,10··˘/·/˘···
Our way to lighten; and, that we may thus10/··/˘·····
Go singing, I will case you of this load.10·/˘·······
Cease, boy, and get we to the work in hand:10··········
We shall sing better when himself is come.10···/˘·˘/··

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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