The Unknown Dead
The rain is plashing on my sill,But all the winds of Heaven are still;And so it falls with that dull soundWhich thrills us in the church-yard ground,When the first spadeful drops like leadUpon the coffin of the dead.Beyond my streaming window-pane,I cannot see the neighboring vane,Yet from its old familiar towerThe bell comes, muffled, through the shower.What strange and unsuspected linkOf feeling touched, has made me think--While with a vacant soul and eyeI watch that gray and stony sky--Of nameless graves on battle-plainsWashed by a single winter's rains,Where, some beneath Virginian hills,And some by green Atlantic rills,Some by the waters of the West,A myriad unknown heroes rest.Ah! not the chiefs, who, dying, seeTheir flags in front of victory,Or, at their life-blood's noble costPay for a battle nobly lost,Claim from their monumental bedsThe bitterest tears a nation sheds.
Beneath yon lonely mound--the spotBy all save some fond few forgot--Lie the true martyrs of the fightWhich strikes for freedom and for right.Of them, their patriot zeal and pride,The lofty faith that with them died,No grateful page shall farther tellThan that so many bravely fell;And we can only dimly guessWhat worlds of all this world's distress,What utter woe, despair, and dearth,Their fate has brought to many a hearth.Just such a sky as this should weepAbove them, always, where they sleep;Yet, haply, at this very hour,Their graves are like a lover's bower;And Nature's self, with eyes unwet,Oblivious of the crimson debtTo which she owes her April grace,Laughs gayly o'er their burial-place.
Words in this poem
- plashing n.
- The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches of small trees, as in hedges.
- spadeful n.
- As much as a spade will hold or lift. [Spade + full.]
- streaming a.
- Sending forth streams.
- nameless a.
- Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
- myriad n.
- The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things. [Gr. myriade.]
- nobly adv.
- Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.
- monumental a.
- Of, pertaining to, or suitable for, a monument; as, a monumental inscription. [L. monumentalis: cf. F. monumental.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- bravely adv.
- In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.
- dimly adv.
- In a dim or obscure manner; not brightly or clearly; with imperfect sight.
- dearth n.
- Scarcity which renders dear; want; lack; specifically, lack of food on account of failure of crops; famine. [OE. derthe, fr. dere. See Dear.]
- haply adv.
- By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
- oblivious a.
- Promoting oblivion; causing forgetfulness. [L.obliviosus: cf.F. oblivieux.]
- gayly adv.
- With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Unknown Dead is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems of Henry Timrod; with Memoir, Project Gutenberg ebook #845; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Timrod, The Unknown Dead, in Poems (1860–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #845, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/timrod-poems/the-unknown-dead.html, id L10516.
Form and metre
The Unknown Dead is 46 lines in 2 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.3 syllables. 5 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 33% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMM sillA · stillA · soundB · groundB · leadC · deadC · paneD · vaneD · towerE · showerE · linkF · thinkF · eyeG · skyG · plainsH · rainsH · hillsI · rillsI · westJ · restJ · seeK · victoryK · costL · lostL · bedsM · shedsM
- 2 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJ spotA · forgotA · fightB · rightB · prideC · diedC · tellD · fellD · guessE · distressE · dearthF · hearthF · weepG · sleepG · hourH · bowerH · unwetI · debtI · graceJ · placeJ
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| The rain is plashing on my sill, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| But all the winds of Heaven are still; | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| And so it falls with that dull sound | 8 | ········ |
| Which thrills us in the church-yard ground, | 8 | ········ |
| When the first spadeful drops like lead | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Upon the coffin of the dead. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Beyond my streaming window-pane, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| I cannot see the neighboring vane, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘˘· |
| Yet from its old familiar tower | 9 | ····˘/˘/˘ |
| The bell comes, muffled, through the shower. | 10 | ···/˘˘··/˘ |
| What strange and unsuspected link | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Of feeling touched, has made me think-- | 9 | ·/˘·˘···· |
| While with a vacant soul and eye | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| I watch that gray and stony sky-- | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Of nameless graves on battle-plains | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Washed by a single winter's rains, | 9 | ·˘··/˘/˘· |
| Where, some beneath Virginian hills, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| And some by green Atlantic rills, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Some by the waters of the West, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| A myriad unknown heroes rest. | 9 | ·/˘˘˘//˘· |
| Ah! not the chiefs, who, dying, see | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Their flags in front of victory, | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Or, at their life-blood's noble cost | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Pay for a battle nobly lost, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Claim from their monumental beds | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| The bitterest tears a nation sheds. | 9 | ·/˘˘··/˘· |
| Beneath yon lonely mound--the spot | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| By all save some fond few forgot-- | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Lie the true martyrs of the fight | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Which strikes for freedom and for right. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Of them, their patriot zeal and pride, | 9 | ···/˘˘··· |
| The lofty faith that with them died, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| No grateful page shall farther tell | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Than that so many bravely fell; | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| And we can only dimly guess | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| What worlds of all this world's distress, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| What utter woe, despair, and dearth, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| Their fate has brought to many a hearth. | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| Just such a sky as this should weep | 8 | ········ |
| Above them, always, where they sleep; | 8 | ···/···· |
| Yet, haply, at this very hour, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Their graves are like a lover's bower; | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| And Nature's self, with eyes unwet, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Oblivious of the crimson debt | 9 | ˘/˘˘··/˘· |
| To which she owes her April grace, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Laughs gayly o'er their burial-place. | 9 | ·/˘··/˘˘· |
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