Mountains
With frontier strength ye stand your ground,With grand content ye circle round,Tumultuous silence for all sound,Ye distant nursery of rills,Monadnock, and the Peterborough hills;--Firm argument that never stirs,Outcircling the philosophers,--Like some vast fleetSailing through rain and sleet,Through winter’s cold and summer’s heat;Still holding on upon your high emprise,Until ye find a shore amid the skies;Not skulking close to land,With cargo contraband;For they who sent a venture out by yeHave set the Sun to seeTheir honesty.Ships of the line, each one,Ye westward run,Convoying clouds,Which cluster in your shrouds,Always before the gale,Under a press of sail,With weight of metal all untold;--I seem to feel ye in my firm seat here,Immeasurable depth of hold,And breadth of beam, and length of running gear.
Methinks ye take luxurious pleasureIn your novel western leisure;So cool your brows and freshly blue,As Time had nought for ye to do;For ye lie at your length,An unappropriated strength,Unhewn primeval timberFor knees so stiff, for masts so limber,The stock of which new earths are made,One day to be our western trade,Fit for the stanchions of a worldWhich through the seas of space is hurled.
While we enjoy a lingering ray,Ye still o’ertop the western day,Reposing yonder on God’s croft,Like solid stacks of hay.So bold a line as ne’er was writOn any page by human wit;The forest glows as ifAn enemy’s camp-fires shoneAlong the horizon,Or the day’s funeral pyreWere lighted there;Edged with silver and with gold,The clouds hang o’er in damask fold,And with fresh depth of amber lightThe west is dight,Where still a few rays slant,That even Heaven seems extravagant.Watatic HillLies on the horizon’s sillLike a child’s toy left overnight,And other duds to left and right;On the earth’s edge, mountains and treesStand as they were on air graven,Or as the vessels in a havenAwait the morning breeze.I fancy evenThrough your defiles windeth the way to heaven;And yonder still, in spite of history’s page,Linger the golden and the silver age;Upon the laboring galeThe news of future centuries is brought,And of new dynasties of thought,From your remotest vale.
But special I remember thee,Wachusett, who like meStandest alone without society.Thy far blue eye,A remnant of the sky,Seen through the clearing of the gorge,Or from the windows of the forge,Doth leaven all it passes by.Nothing is true,But stands ’tween me and you,Thou western pioneer,Who know’st not shame nor fear,By venturous spirit drivenUnder the eaves of heaven,And canst expand thee there,And breathe enough of air.Even beyond the WestThou migratestInto unclouded tracts,Without a pilgrim’s axe,Cleaving thy road on highWith thy well-tempered brow,And mak’st thyself a clearing in the sky.Upholding heaven, holding down earth,Thy pastime from thy birth,Not steadied by the one, nor leaning on the other;--May I approve myself thy worthy brother!
Words in this poem 20
- nursery n.
- The act of nursing. [Cf. F. nourricerie.]
- sleet n.
- The part of a mortar extending from the chamber to the trunnions.
- emprise n.
- An enterprise; endeavor; adventure. [OF. emprise, fr. emprendre to undertake; pref. em- (L. in) + F. prendre to take, L. prehendere, prendere; prae before + a verb akin to E. get. See Get, and cf. ]
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- contraband v. t.
- To import illegaly, as prohibited goods; to smuggle.
- untold a.
- Not told; not related; not revealed; as, untold secrets.
- methinks v.
- It seems to me; I think. See Me. [AS. þyncan to seem, me þynceedh, me þuhte, OE. me thinketh, me thoughte; akin to G. dünken to seem, denken to think, and E. think. See Me, and Think.]
- unappropriated a.
- Not specially appropriate; having not special application. J. [Pref. un- not + appropriated.]
- yonder adv.
- At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
- pyre n.
- A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. [L. pure, Gr. Fire.]
- dight v. t.
- To prepare; to put in order; hence, to dress, or put on; to array; to adorn. [OF. dihten, AS. dihtan to dictate, command, dispose, arrange, fr. L. dictare to say often, dictate, order; cf. G. dichten to write poetry, fr. L. dictare. See D]
- overnight n.
- The fore part of the night last past; the previous evening.
- duds n.
- Old or inferior clothes; tattered garments. [Scot. dud rag, pl. duds clothing of inferior quality.]
- graven p. p.
- Carved. Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc.
- await v. t.
- To watch for; to look out for. [OF. awaitier, agaitier; (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch, F. guetter. See Wait.]
- laboring a.
- That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring days.
- vale n.
- A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
- pioneer n.
- A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances. [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier, fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.]
- venturous a.
- Daring; bold; hardy; fearless; venturesome; adveturous; as, a venturous soldier. [Aphetic form of OE. aventurous. See Adventurous, Venture, n.]
- pastime n.
- That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Mountains is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems of Nature, Project Gutenberg ebook #59988; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry David Thoreau, Mountains, in Poems of Nature (1895), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #59988, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/thoreau-poems/mountains.html, id L02833.
Form and metre
Mountains is 99 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 51% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter. 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.3 syllables. 18 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 22% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AAABBCCDDDEEFFGG-HHIIJJKLKL groundA · roundA · soundA · rillsB · hillsB · stirsC · philosophersC · fleetD · sleetD · heatD · empriseE · skiesE · landF · contrabandF · yeG · seeG · honesty · oneH · runH · cloudsI · shroudsI · galeJ · sailJ · untoldK · hereL · holdK · gearL
- 2 AABBCCDDEEFF pleasureA · leisureA · blueB · doB · lengthC · strengthC · timberD · limberD · madeE · tradeE · worldF · hurledF
- 3 AA-ABB-CC--DDEEFFGGHHIJJI--KKLMML rayA · dayA · croft · hayA · writB · witB · if · shoneC · horizonC · pyre · there · goldD · foldD · lightE · dightE · slantF · extravagantF · hillG · sillG · overnightH · rightH · treesI · gravenJ · havenJ · breezeI · even · heaven · pageK · ageK · galeL · broughtM · thoughtM · valeL
- 4 AA-BBCCBDDEE--FFGG--B-BHHII theeA · meA · society · eyeB · skyB · gorgeC · forgeC · byB · trueD · youD · pioneerE · fearE · driven · heaven · thereF · airF · westG · migratestG · tracts · axe · highB · brow · skyB · earthH · birthH · otherI · brotherI
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| With frontier strength ye stand your ground, | 8 | ·˘/····· |
| With grand content ye circle round, | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| Tumultuous silence for all sound, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Ye distant nursery of rills, | 8 | ·/˘/˘˘·· |
| Monadnock, and the Peterborough hills;-- | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Firm argument that never stirs, | 8 | ·/˘˘·/˘· |
| Outcircling the philosophers,-- | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Like some vast fleet | 4 | ···· |
| Sailing through rain and sleet, | 6 | /˘···· |
| Through winter’s cold and summer’s heat; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Still holding on upon your high emprise, | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Until ye find a shore amid the skies; | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| Not skulking close to land, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| With cargo contraband; | 6 | ·/·/˘· |
| For they who sent a venture out by ye | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Have set the Sun to see | 6 | ······ |
| Their honesty. | 4 | ·/˘˘ |
| Ships of the line, each one, | 6 | ······ |
| Ye westward run, | 4 | ·/˘· |
| Convoying clouds, | 4 | /·˘· |
| Which cluster in your shrouds, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Always before the gale, | 6 | /····· |
| Under a press of sail, | 6 | ······ |
| With weight of metal all untold;-- | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| I seem to feel ye in my firm seat here, | 10 | ·········· |
| Immeasurable depth of hold, | 8 | ˘/˘·˘··· |
| And breadth of beam, and length of running gear. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Methinks ye take luxurious pleasure | 9 | ˘/··˘/˘/˘ |
| In your novel western leisure; | 8 | ··/˘/˘/˘ |
| So cool your brows and freshly blue, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| As Time had nought for ye to do; | 8 | ········ |
| For ye lie at your length, | 6 | ······ |
| An unappropriated strength, | 7 | ······· |
| Unhewn primeval timber | 7 | ··˘/˘/˘ |
| For knees so stiff, for masts so limber, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| The stock of which new earths are made, | 8 | ········ |
| One day to be our western trade, | 8 | ····//˘· |
| Fit for the stanchions of a world | 8 | ········ |
| Which through the seas of space is hurled. | 8 | ········ |
| While we enjoy a lingering ray, | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| Ye still o’ertop the western day, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Reposing yonder on God’s croft, | 8 | /·˘/˘··· |
| Like solid stacks of hay. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| So bold a line as ne’er was writ | 8 | ········ |
| On any page by human wit; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The forest glows as if | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| An enemy’s camp-fires shone | 8 | ·/˘˘·/˘· |
| Along the horizon, | 6 | ˘/·˘/˘ |
| Or the day’s funeral pyre | 8 | ···/˘˘/˘ |
| Were lighted there; | 4 | ·/˘· |
| Edged with silver and with gold, | 8 | ·˘·/˘··· |
| The clouds hang o’er in damask fold, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And with fresh depth of amber light | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The west is dight, | 4 | ···· |
| Where still a few rays slant, | 6 | ······ |
| That even Heaven seems extravagant. | 9 | ·//˘·˘/˘˘ |
| Watatic Hill | 4 | ···· |
| Lies on the horizon’s sill | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| Like a child’s toy left overnight, | 8 | ·····/˘/ |
| And other duds to left and right; | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| On the earth’s edge, mountains and trees | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| Stand as they were on air graven, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Or as the vessels in a haven | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Await the morning breeze. | 6 | ˘/·/˘· |
| I fancy even | 5 | ·/˘/˘ |
| Through your defiles windeth the way to heaven; | 10 | ····/˘···/ |
| And yonder still, in spite of history’s page, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Linger the golden and the silver age; | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| Upon the laboring gale | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| The news of future centuries is brought, | 9 | ···/˘/˘·· |
| And of new dynasties of thought, | 8 | ···/˘˘·· |
| From your remotest vale. | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| But special I remember thee, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/˘· |
| Wachusett, who like me | 6 | ······ |
| Standest alone without society. | 9 | /˘˘/··˘/˘ |
| Thy far blue eye, | 4 | ···· |
| A remnant of the sky, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Seen through the clearing of the gorge, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Or from the windows of the forge, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Doth leaven all it passes by. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Nothing is true, | 4 | /˘·· |
| But stands ’tween me and you, | 6 | ······ |
| Thou western pioneer, | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| Who know’st not shame nor fear, | 6 | ······ |
| By venturous spirit driven | 8 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘ |
| Under the eaves of heaven, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And canst expand thee there, | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| And breathe enough of air. | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| Even beyond the West | 6 | /˘···· |
| Thou migratest | 4 | ·/·˘ |
| Into unclouded tracts, | 6 | ······ |
| Without a pilgrim’s axe, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Cleaving thy road on high | 6 | /˘···· |
| With thy well-tempered brow, | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| And mak’st thyself a clearing in the sky. | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Upholding heaven, holding down earth, | 8 | ˘/˘//˘·· |
| Thy pastime from thy birth, | 6 | ·/···· |
| Not steadied by the one, nor leaning on the other;-- | 13 | ·/˘····/˘··/˘ |
| May I approve myself thy worthy brother! | 11 | ··˘/·/·/˘/˘ |
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