November

Edward Thomas (1878–1917) · 1917

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 36 lines · from Poems

NOVEMBER'S days are thirty:November's earth is dirty,Those thirty days, from first to last;And the prettiest things on ground are the pathsWith morning and evening hobnails dinted,With foot and wing-tip overprintedOr separately charactered,Of little beast and little bird.The fields are mashed by sheep, the roadsMake the worst going, the best the woodsWhere dead leaves upward and downward scatter.Few care for the mixture of earth and water,Twig, leaf, flint, thorn,Straw, feather, all that men scorn,Pounded up and sodden by flood,Condemned as mud.

But of all the months when earth is greenerNot one has clean skies that are cleaner.Clean and clear and sweet and cold,They shine above the earth so old,While the after-tempest cloudSails over in silence though winds are loud,Till the full moon in the eastLooks at the planet in the westAnd earth is silent as it is black,Yet not unhappy for its lack.Up from the dirty earth men stare:One imagines a refuge thereAbove the mud, in the pure brightOf the cloudless heavenly light:Another loves earth and November more dearlyBecause without them, he sees clearly,The sky would be nothing more to his eyeThan he, in any case, is to the sky;He loves even the mud whose dyesRenounce all brightness to the skies.

Words in this poem

cleaner n.
One who, or that which, cleans.
cloudless a.
Without a cloud; clear; bright.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

November is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #22423; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Edward Thomas, November, in Poems (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #22423, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/thomas-edward-poems/november.html, id L08183.

Form and metre

November is 36 lines in 2 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 67% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 82%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.4 syllables. 10 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 36% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----AA-A----BBCC thirty · dirty · last · paths · dintedA · overprintedA · charactered · birdA · roads · woods · scatter · water · thornB · scornB · floodC · mudC
  2. 2 AABBCC--DDEEFFGGHHII greenerA · cleanerA · coldB · oldB · cloudC · loudC · east · west · blackD · lackD · stareE · thereE · brightF · lightF · dearlyG · clearlyG · eyeH · skyH · dyesI · skiesI
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
NOVEMBER'S days are thirty:7˘/˘··/˘
November's earth is dirty,7˘/˘··/˘
Those thirty days, from first to last;8·/˘·····
And the prettiest things on ground are the paths10··/˘······
With morning and evening hobnails dinted,10·/˘·/˘/·/˘
With foot and wing-tip overprinted9·········
Or separately charactered,9·/˘˘˘/˘˘˘
Of little beast and little bird.8·/˘··/˘·
The fields are mashed by sheep, the roads9····˘····
Make the worst going, the best the woods9···/˘····
Where dead leaves upward and downward scatter.10···/˘·/˘/˘
Few care for the mixture of earth and water,11····/˘···/˘
Twig, leaf, flint, thorn,4····
Straw, feather, all that men scorn,7·/˘····
Pounded up and sodden by flood,8/˘··/˘··
Condemned as mud.4˘/··
But of all the months when earth is greener10········/˘
Not one has clean skies that are cleaner.9·······/˘
Clean and clear and sweet and cold,7·······
They shine above the earth so old,8········
While the after-tempest cloud7····/˘·
Sails over in silence though winds are loud,10····/˘····
Till the full moon in the east7·······
Looks at the planet in the west8···/˘···
And earth is silent as it is black,9···/˘····
Yet not unhappy for its lack.8··˘/˘···
Up from the dirty earth men stare:8···/˘···
One imagines a refuge there8·˘/˘·/˘·
Above the mud, in the pure bright8········
Of the cloudless heavenly light:8··/˘/˘˘·
Another loves earth and November more dearly12˘/˘···˘/˘·/˘
Because without them, he sees clearly,9·······/˘
The sky would be nothing more to his eye10····/˘····
Than he, in any case, is to the sky;10···/˘·····
He loves even the mud whose dyes8··/˘····
Renounce all brightness to the skies.8˘/·/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Edward Thomas