By night we linger’d on the lawn
By night we linger’d on the lawn,For underfoot the herb was dry;And genial warmth; and o’er the skyThe silvery haze of summer drawn;
And calm that let the tapers burnUnwavering: not a cricket chirr’d:The brook alone far-off was heardAnd on the board the fluttering urn:
And bats went round in fragrant skies,And wheel’d or lit the filmy shapesThat haunt the dusk, with ermine capesAnd woolly breasts and beaded eyes;
While now we sang old songs that peal’dFrom knoll to knoll, where, couch’d at ease,The white kine glimmer’d and the treesLaid their dark arms about the field.
But when those others, one by one,Withdrew themselves from me and night,And in the house light after lightWent out, and I was all alone,
A hunger seized my heart; I readOf that glad year which once had been,In those fall’n leaves which kept their green,The noble letters of the dead:
And strangely on the silence brokeThe silent-speaking words, and strangeWas love’s dumb cry defying changeTo test his worth; and strangely spoke
The faith, the vigour, bold to dwellOn doubts that drive the coward back,And keen thro’ wordy snares to trackSuggestion to her inmost cell.
So word by word, and line by line,The dead man touch’d me from the past,And all at once it seem’d at lastHis living soul was flash’d on mine,
And mine in his was wound, and whirl’dAbout empyreal heights of thought,And came on that which is, and caughtThe deep pulsations of the world,
Æonian music measuring outThe steps of Time--the shocks of Chance--The blows of Death. At length my tranceWas cancell’d, stricken thro’ with doubt.
Vague words! but ah, how hard to frameIn matter-moulded forms of speech,Or ev’n for intellect to reachThro’ memory that which I became:
Till now the doubtful dusk reveal’dThe knolls once more where, couch’d at ease,The white kine glimmer’d, and the treesLaid their dark arms about the field:
And suck’d from out the distant gloomA breeze began to tremble o’erThe large leaves of the sycamore,And fluctuate all the still perfume;
And gathering freshlier overhead,Rock’d the full-foliaged elms, and swungThe heavy-folded rose, and flungThe lilies to and fro, and said
‘The dawn, the dawn,’ and died away;And East and West, without a breath,Mixt their dim lights, like life and death,To broaden into boundless day.
Words in this poem 16
- underfoot adv.
- Under the feet; underneath; below. See Under foot, under Foot, n.
- genial a.
- Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- filmy a.
- Composed of film or films.
- peal v. i.
- To appeal. Spencer.
- strangely adv.
- As something foreign, or not one's own; in a manner adapted to something foreign and strange.
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- spoke n.
- The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
- vigour v. t.
- To invigorate. Feltham.
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- inmost a.
- Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Fore]
- empyreal a.
- Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond aërial substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven. [L. empyrius, empyreus, fiery, Gr. In, and Fire.]
- stricken p. p.
- Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
- fluctuate v. i.
- To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave; to float backward and forward, as on waves; as, a fluctuating field of air. [L. fluctuatus, p.p. of fluctuare, to wave, fr. fluctus wave, fr. fluere, fluctum, to flow. See Fluent, and cf. Flotilla.]
- foliaged a.
- Furnished with foliage; leaved; as, the variously foliaged mulberry.
- broaden v. t.
- To grow broad; to become broader or wider. [From Broad, a.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
By night we linger’d on the lawn is in the public domain. This text is taken from In memoriam, Project Gutenberg ebook #70950; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Alfred Tennyson, By night we linger’d on the lawn, in In Memoriam A.H.H. (1850), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #70950, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/tennyson-in-memoriam/section-93.html, id L18453.
Form and metre
By night we linger’d on the lawn is 64 lines in 16 stanzas of 4 lines each. Every stanza rhymes ABBA. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 98% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. 45% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABBA lawnA · dryB · skyB · drawnA
- 2 ABBA burnA · chirr'dB · heardB · urnA
- 3 ABBA skiesA · shapesB · capesB · eyesA
- 4 ABBA peal'dA · easeB · treesB · fieldA
- 5 ABBA oneA · nightB · lightB · aloneA
- 6 ABBA readA · beenB · greenB · deadA
- 7 ABBA brokeA · strangeB · changeB · spokeA
- 8 ABBA dwellA · backB · trackB · cellA
- 9 ABBA lineA · pastB · lastB · mineA
- 10 ABBA whirl'dA · thoughtB · caughtB · worldA
- 11 ABBA outA · chanceB · tranceB · doubtA
- 12 ABBA frameA · speechB · reachB · becameA
- 13 ABBA reveal'dA · easeB · treesB · fieldA
- 14 ABBA gloomA · o'erB · sycamoreB · perfumeA
- 15 ABBA overheadA · swungB · flungB · saidA
- 16 ABBA awayA · breathB · deathB · dayA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| By night we linger’d on the lawn, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| For underfoot the herb was dry; | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| And genial warmth; and o’er the sky | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| The silvery haze of summer drawn; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And calm that let the tapers burn | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Unwavering: not a cricket chirr’d: | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| The brook alone far-off was heard | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| And on the board the fluttering urn: | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And bats went round in fragrant skies, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And wheel’d or lit the filmy shapes | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| That haunt the dusk, with ermine capes | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And woolly breasts and beaded eyes; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| While now we sang old songs that peal’d | 8 | ········ |
| From knoll to knoll, where, couch’d at ease, | 8 | ········ |
| The white kine glimmer’d and the trees | 8 | ········ |
| Laid their dark arms about the field. | 8 | ········ |
| But when those others, one by one, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Withdrew themselves from me and night, | 8 | ˘/˘/···· |
| And in the house light after light | 8 | ········ |
| Went out, and I was all alone, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| A hunger seized my heart; I read | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Of that glad year which once had been, | 8 | ········ |
| In those fall’n leaves which kept their green, | 8 | ········ |
| The noble letters of the dead: | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| And strangely on the silence broke | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The silent-speaking words, and strange | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Was love’s dumb cry defying change | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| To test his worth; and strangely spoke | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The faith, the vigour, bold to dwell | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| On doubts that drive the coward back, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And keen thro’ wordy snares to track | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Suggestion to her inmost cell. | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| So word by word, and line by line, | 8 | ········ |
| The dead man touch’d me from the past, | 8 | ········ |
| And all at once it seem’d at last | 8 | ········ |
| His living soul was flash’d on mine, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And mine in his was wound, and whirl’d | 8 | ········ |
| About empyreal heights of thought, | 9 | ··˘/˘˘··· |
| And came on that which is, and caught | 8 | ········ |
| The deep pulsations of the world, | 8 | ········ |
| Æonian music measuring out | 8 | ··/˘/˘˘· |
| The steps of Time--the shocks of Chance-- | 8 | ········ |
| The blows of Death. At length my trance | 8 | ········ |
| Was cancell’d, stricken thro’ with doubt. | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Vague words! but ah, how hard to frame | 8 | ········ |
| In matter-moulded forms of speech, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Or ev’n for intellect to reach | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Thro’ memory that which I became: | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| Till now the doubtful dusk reveal’d | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| The knolls once more where, couch’d at ease, | 8 | ········ |
| The white kine glimmer’d, and the trees | 8 | ········ |
| Laid their dark arms about the field: | 8 | ········ |
| And suck’d from out the distant gloom | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| A breeze began to tremble o’er | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| The large leaves of the sycamore, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And fluctuate all the still perfume; | 9 | ·/˘····˘/ |
| And gathering freshlier overhead, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘/ |
| Rock’d the full-foliaged elms, and swung | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The heavy-folded rose, and flung | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| The lilies to and fro, and said | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| ‘The dawn, the dawn,’ and died away; | 8 | ······˘/ |
| And East and West, without a breath, | 8 | ········ |
| Mixt their dim lights, like life and death, | 8 | ········ |
| To broaden into boundless day. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.