O sorrow, cruel fellowship!

Alfred Tennyson (1809–1892) · 1850

iambic tetrameter · ABBA · 16 lines · from In Memoriam A.H.H.

O sorrow, cruel fellowship!O Priestess in the vaults of Death!O sweet and bitter in a breath,What whispers from thy lying lip?

‘The stars,’ she whispers, ‘blindly run;A web is wov’n across the sky;From out waste places comes a cry,And murmurs from the dying sun:

‘And all the phantom, Nature, stands--With all her music in her tone,A hollow echo of my own,--A hollow form with empty hands.’

And shall I take a thing so blind,Embrace her as my natural good;Or crush her, like a vice of blood,Upon the threshold of the mind?

Words in this poem

priestess n.
A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans. Abp.
blindly adv.
Without sight, discernment, or understanding; without thought, investigation, knowledge, or purpose of one's own.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

O sorrow, cruel fellowship! is in the public domain. This text is taken from In memoriam, Project Gutenberg ebook #70950; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Alfred Tennyson, O sorrow, cruel fellowship!, in In Memoriam A.H.H. (1850), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #70950, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/tennyson-in-memoriam/section-3.html, id L18363.

Form and metre

O sorrow, cruel fellowship! is 16 lines in 4 stanzas of 4 lines each. Every stanza rhymes ABBA. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 94%). 100% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. Rhymes that have moved apart since the poem was written: is / this, moods / woods, been / green, loved / proved.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABBA fellowshipA · deathB · breathB · lipA
  2. 2 ABBA runA · skyB · cryB · sunA
  3. 3 ABBA standsA · toneB · ownB · handsA
  4. 4 ABBA blindA · goodB · bloodB · mindA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
O sorrow, cruel fellowship!8·/˘/˘/˘·
O Priestess in the vaults of Death!8·/˘·····
O sweet and bitter in a breath,8···/˘···
What whispers from thy lying lip?8·/˘··/˘·
‘The stars,’ she whispers, ‘blindly run;8···/˘/˘·
A web is wov’n across the sky;8····˘/··
From out waste places comes a cry,8···/˘···
And murmurs from the dying sun:8·/˘··/˘·
‘And all the phantom, Nature, stands--8···/˘/˘·
With all her music in her tone,8···/˘···
A hollow echo of my own,--8·/˘/˘···
A hollow form with empty hands.’8·/˘··/˘·
And shall I take a thing so blind,8········
Embrace her as my natural good;8˘/···/˘·
Or crush her, like a vice of blood,8········
Upon the threshold of the mind?8···/····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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