A Descant upon Sleep and Love

John Addington Symonds (1840–1893) · 1884

trochaic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 91 lines · from Wine, Women and Song

When the lamp of Cynthia lateRises in her silver state,Through her brother's roseate light,Blushing on the brows of night;Then the pure ethereal airBreathes with zephyr blowing fair;Clouds and vapours disappear.As with chords of lute or lyre,Soothed the spirits now respire,And the heart revives againWhich once more for love is fain.But the orient evening starSheds with influence kindlier farDews of sweet sleep on the eyeOf o'er-tired mortality.

Oh, how blessed to take and keepIs the antidote of sleep!Sleep that lulls the storms of careAnd of sorrow unaware,Creeping through the closed doorsOf the eyes, and through the poresBreathing bliss so pure and rareThat with love it may compare.

Then the god of dreams doth bringTo the mind some restful thing,Breezes soft that rippling blowO'er ripe cornfields row by row,Murmuring rivers round whose brimSilvery sands the swallows skim,Or the drowsy circling soundOf old mill-wheels going round,Which with music steal the mindAnd the eyes in slumber bind.

When the deeds of love are doneWhich bland Venus had begun,Languor steals with pleasant strainThrough the chambers of the brain,Eyes 'neath eyelids gently tiredSwim and seek the rest desired.How deliriously at lastInto slumber love hath passed!But how sweeter yet the wayWhich leads love again to play!

From the soothed limbs upward spreadGlides a mist divinely shed,Which invades the heart and head:Drowsily it veils the eyes,Bending toward sleep's paradise,And with curling vapour roundFills the lids, the senses swound,Till the visual ray is boundBy those ministers which makeLife renewed in man awake.

Underneath the leafy shadeOf a tree in quiet laid,While the nightingale complainsSinging of her ancient pains,Sweet it is still hours to pass,But far sweeter on the grassWith a buxom maid to playAll a summer's holiday.When the scent of herb and flowerBreathes upon the silent hour,When the rose with leaf and bloomSpreads a couch of pure perfume,Then the grateful boon of sleepFalls with satisfaction deep,Showering dews our eyes above,Tired with honeyed strife of love.

In how many moods the mindOf poor lovers, weak and blind,Wavers like the wavering wind!As a ship in darkness lost,Without anchor tempest-tossed,So with hope and fear imbuedIt roams in great incertitudeLove's tempestuous ocean-flood.

A portion of this descant finds an echo in another lyric of theCarmina Burana:--

"With young leaves the wood is new;Now the nightingale is singing;And field-flowers of every hueOn the sward their bloom are flinging.Sweet it is to brush the dewFrom wild lawns and woody places!Sweeter yet to wreathe the roseWith the lily's virgin graces;But the sweetest sweet man knows,Is to woo a girl's embraces."

Having said so much, I will present the first part of the poem in theEnglish version I have made.

Words in this poem 15
roseate a.
Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers. [Cf. L. roseus, rosatus, prepared from roses. See Roseal, Rose.]
zephyr n.
The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. [L. zephyrus, Gr. zéphyr.]
respire v. i.
To take breath again; hence, to take rest or refreshment. [L. respirare, respiratum; pref. re- re- + spirare to breathe: cf. F. respirer. See Spirit.]
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
mortality n.
The condition or quality of being mortal; subjection to death or to the necessity of dying. [L. mortalitas: cf. F. mortalité.]
unaware a.
Not aware; not noticing; giving no heed; thoughtless; inattentive.
restful a.
Being at rest; quiet.
drowsily adv.
In a drowsy manner.
vapour n.
Any substance in the gaseous, or aëriform, state, the condition of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid. [OE. vapour, OF. vapour, vapor, vapeur, F. vapeur, L. vapor; probably for cvapor, and akin to Gr. kvepti to breathe, smell, Russ. kopote fine soot. Cf. Vapid.]
buxom a.
Yielding; pliable or compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek; humble. [OE. buxum, boxom, buhsum, pliable, obedient, AS. bocsum, buhsum (akin to D. buigzaam blexible, G. biegsam); bugan to bow, bend + -sum, E. -some. See Bow to bend]
boon n.
A prayer or petition. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]
honeyed a.
Covered with honey.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
incertitude n.
Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt. [Cf. F. incertitude, LL. incertitudo, fr. L. incertus. See Incertain.]
descant v. i.
To sing a variation or accomplishment. [From descant; n.; or directly fr. OF. descanter, deschanter; L. dis- + cantare to sing.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Descant upon Sleep and Love is in the public domain. This text is taken from Wine, Women, and Song Mediaeval Latin Students' songs; Now first translated into English verse, Project Gutenberg ebook #18044; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Addington Symonds, A Descant upon Sleep and Love, in Wine, Women and Song (1884), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #18044, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/symonds-wine-women/a-descant-upon-sleep-and-love.html, id L11834.

Form and metre

A Descant upon Sleep and Love is 91 lines in 10 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 70% of the lines. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.4 syllables. 11 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 44% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in trochaic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCCDDEEFF-- lateA · stateA · lightB · nightB · airC · fairC · disappearC · lyreD · respireD · againE · fainE · starF · farF · eye · mortality
  2. 2 AABBCCBB keepA · sleepA · careB · unawareB · doorsC · poresC · rareB · compareB
  3. 3 AABBCCDDEE bringA · thingA · blowB · rowB · brimC · skimC · soundD · roundD · mindE · bindE
  4. 4 AABBCCDDEE doneA · begunA · strainB · brainB · tiredC · desiredC · lastD · passedD · wayE · playE
  5. 5 AAA--BBBCC spreadA · shedA · headA · eyes · paradise · roundB · swoundB · boundB · makeC · awakeC
  6. 6 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHH shadeA · laidA · complainsB · painsB · passC · grassC · playD · holidayD · flowerE · hourE · bloomF · perfumeF · sleepG · deepG · aboveH · loveH
  7. 7 AAABBCC- mindA · blindA · windA · lostB · tossedB · imbuedC · incertitudeC · flood
  8. 9 ABABACDCDC newA · singingB · hueA · flingingB · dewA · placesC · roseD · gracesC · knowsD · embracesC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
When the lamp of Cynthia late7····/˘·
Rises in her silver state,7/˘··/˘·
Through her brother's roseate light,7··/˘/˘·
Blushing on the brows of night;7/˘·····
Then the pure ethereal air7···˘/˘·
Breathes with zephyr blowing fair;7··/˘/˘·
Clouds and vapours disappear.7··/˘·˘/
As with chords of lute or lyre,7·······
Soothed the spirits now respire,7··/˘·˘/
And the heart revives again7···˘/˘/
Which once more for love is fain.7·······
But the orient evening star8··/˘·/˘·
Sheds with influence kindlier far7··/˘···
Dews of sweet sleep on the eye7·······
Of o'er-tired mortality.8··/˘˘/˘˘
Oh, how blessed to take and keep7·······
Is the antidote of sleep!7··/˘···
Sleep that lulls the storms of care7·······
And of sorrow unaware,7··/˘·˘/
Creeping through the closed doors7/˘···˘·
Of the eyes, and through the pores7·······
Breathing bliss so pure and rare7/˘·····
That with love it may compare.7·····˘/
Then the god of dreams doth bring7·······
To the mind some restful thing,7····/˘·
Breezes soft that rippling blow7/˘··/˘·
O'er ripe cornfields row by row,7··//···
Murmuring rivers round whose brim7/˘/˘···
Silvery sands the swallows skim,7/˘··/˘·
Or the drowsy circling sound7··/˘/˘·
Of old mill-wheels going round,7····/˘·
Which with music steal the mind7··/˘···
And the eyes in slumber bind.7····/˘·
When the deeds of love are done7·······
Which bland Venus had begun,7··/˘·˘/
Languor steals with pleasant strain7/˘··/˘·
Through the chambers of the brain,7··/˘···
Eyes 'neath eyelids gently tired8··/·/˘/˘
Swim and seek the rest desired.8·····˘/˘
How deliriously at last7·······
Into slumber love hath passed!7··/˘···
But how sweeter yet the way7··/˘···
Which leads love again to play!7···˘/··
From the soothed limbs upward spread7····/˘·
Glides a mist divinely shed,7···˘/˘·
Which invades the heart and head:7·˘/····
Drowsily it veils the eyes,7/˘˘····
Bending toward sleep's paradise,8/˘···/˘·
And with curling vapour round7··/˘/˘·
Fills the lids, the senses swound,7····/˘·
Till the visual ray is bound7··/˘···
By those ministers which make7··/˘˘··
Life renewed in man awake.7·˘/··˘/
Underneath the leafy shade7·˘/·/˘·
Of a tree in quiet laid,7····/˘·
While the nightingale complains7··/˘˘˘/
Singing of her ancient pains,7/˘··/˘·
Sweet it is still hours to pass,7····/··
But far sweeter on the grass7··/˘···
With a buxom maid to play7··/˘···
All a summer's holiday.7··/˘/˘·
When the scent of herb and flower8······/˘
Breathes upon the silent hour,8····/˘/˘
When the rose with leaf and bloom7·······
Spreads a couch of pure perfume,7·····˘/
Then the grateful boon of sleep7··/˘···
Falls with satisfaction deep,7···˘/˘·
Showering dews our eyes above,7/˘·/···
Tired with honeyed strife of love.7/·/˘···
In how many moods the mind7··/˘···
Of poor lovers, weak and blind,7··/˘···
Wavers like the wavering wind!7/˘··/˘·
As a ship in darkness lost,7····/˘·
Without anchor tempest-tossed,7··/˘/˘·
So with hope and fear imbued7·····˘/
It roams in great incertitude8····˘/˘˘
Love's tempestuous ocean-flood.7··/˘˘/·
A portion of this descant finds an echo in another lyric of the19·/˘··/˘··/˘·˘/˘/˘··
Carmina Burana:--6······
"With young leaves the wood is new;7·······
Now the nightingale is singing;8··/˘˘·/˘
And field-flowers of every hue7··/·/˘·
On the sward their bloom are flinging.8······/˘
Sweet it is to brush the dew7·······
From wild lawns and woody places!8····/˘/˘
Sweeter yet to wreathe the rose7/˘·····
With the lily's virgin graces;8··/·/˘/˘
But the sweetest sweet man knows,7··/˘···
Is to woo a girl's embraces."8·····˘/˘
Having said so much, I will present the first part of the poem in the17/˘·····˘/·····/··
English version I have made.7/˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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