On the Irish Bishops. 1731

Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) · 1710–1745

anapaestic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 64 lines · from Cadenus and Vanessa, and Other Poems

Old Latimer preaching did fairly describeA bishop, who ruled all the rest of his tribe;And who is this bishop? and where does he dwell?Why truly 'tis Satan, Archbishop of Hell.And He was a primate, and He wore a mitre,Surrounded with jewels of sulphur and nitre.How nearly this bishop our bishops resembles!But he has the odds, who believes and who trembles,Could you see his grim grace, for a pound to a penny,You'd swear it must be the baboon of Kilkenny:Poor Satan will think the comparison odious,I wish I could find him out one more commodious;But, this I am sure, the most reverend old dragonHas got on the bench many bishops suffragan;And all men believe he resides there incog,To give them by turns an invisible jog.Our bishops, puft up with wealth and with pride,To hell on the backs of the clergy would ride.They mounted and labour'd with whip and with spurIn vain--for the devil a parson would stir.So the commons unhors'd them; and this was their doom,On their crosiers to ride like a witch on a broom.Though they gallop'd so fast, on the road you may find 'em,And have left us but three out of twenty behind 'em.Lord Bolton's good grace, Lord Carr and Lord Howard,In spite of the devil would still be untoward:They came of good kindred, and could not endureTheir former companions should beg at their door.When Christ was betray'd to Pilate the pretorOf a dozen apostles but one proved a traitor:One traitor alone, and faithful eleven;But we can afford you six traitors in seven.What a clutter with clippings, dividings, and cleavings!And the clergy forsooth must take up with their leavings;If making divisions was all their intent,They've done it, we thank them, but not as they meant;And so may such bishops for ever divide,That no honest heathen would be on their side.How should we rejoice, if, like Judas the first,Those splitters of parsons in sunder should burst!Now hear an allusion:--A mitre, you know,Is divided above, but united below.If this you consider our emblem is right;The bishops divide, but the clergy unite.Should the bottom be split, our bishops would dreadThat the mitre would never stick fast on their head:And yet they have learnt the chief art of a sovereign,As Machiavel taught them, "divide and ye govern."But courage, my lords, though it cannot be saidThat one cloven tongue ever sat on your head;I'll hold you a groat (and I wish I could see't)If your stockings were off, you could show cloven feet.But hold, cry the bishops, and give us fair play;Before you condemn us, hear what we can say.What truer affections could ever be shown,Than saving your souls by damning our own?And have we not practised all methods to gain you;With the tithe of the tithe of the tithe to maintain you;Provided a fund for building you spittals!You are only to live four years without victuals.Content, my good lords; but let us change hands;First take you our tithes, and give us your lands.So God bless the Church and three of our mitres;And God bless the Commons, for biting the biters.

Words in this poem 20
latimer n.
An interpreter. Coke. [OF. latinier, latimier, prop., one knowing Latin.]
fairly adv.
In a fairmanner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly; frankly.
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
mitre n.
A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries. It has been made in many forms, the present form being a lofty cap with two points or peaks. Fairholt.
nitre n.
A white crystalline semitransparent salt; potassium nitrate; saltpeter. See Saltpeter. [F. nitre, L. nitrum native soda, natron, Gr. nit, natr natron. Cf. Natron.]
odds n.
Difference in favor of one and against another; excess of one of two things or numbers over the other; inequality; advantage; superiority; hence, excess of chances; probability. [See Odd, a.]
reverend a.
Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection; venerable. [F. révérend, L. reverendus, fr. revereri. See Revere.]
suffragan a.
Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop. [F. suffragant, L. suffragans, p.pr. of suffragari to support with one's vote, to be favorable. See Suffrage.]
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
backs n.
Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
commons n.
The mass of the people, as distinguished from the titled chasses or nobility; the commonalty; the common people. [Eng.]
carr n.
A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart. [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf. Chariot.]
untoward a.
Froward; perverse. [Pref. un- not + toward.]
clutter v. t.
To clot or coagulate, as blood. Holland. [From Clod, n.]
forsooth v. t.
To address respectfully with the term forsooth.
leavings n.
Things left; remnants; relics.
thank n.
A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -]
allusion n.
A figurative or symbolical reference. [L. allusio, fr. alludere to allude: cf. F. allusion.]
groat n.
An old English silver coin, equal to four pence. [LG. grote, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.]
damning a.
That damns; damnable; as, damning evidence of guilt.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

On the Irish Bishops. 1731 is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Jonathan Swift, D.D., Volume 2, Project Gutenberg ebook #13621; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Jonathan Swift, On the Irish Bishops. 1731, in Cadenus and Vanessa, and Other Poems (1710–1745), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #13621, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/swift-poems/on-the-irish-bishops-1731.html, id L09346.

Form and metre

On the Irish Bishops. 1731 is 64 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 83%). 78% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 11.2 syllables. 16 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 11% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccddeeff describeA · tribeA · dwellB · hellB · mitreC · nitreC · resemblesD · tremblesD · pennyE · kilkennyE · odiousF · commodiousF · dragonG · suffraganG · incogH · jogH · prideI · rideI · spurJ · stirJ · doomK · broomK · emL · emL · howardM · untowardM · endureN · doorN · pretorO · traitorO · elevenP · sevenP · cleavingsQ · leavingsQ · intentR · meantR · divideS · sideS · firstT · burstT · knowU · belowU · rightV · uniteV · dreadW · headW · sovereignX · governX · saidY · headY · see'tZ · feetZ · playa · saya · shownb · ownb · youc · youc · spittalsd · victualsd · handse · landse · mitresf · bitersf
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Old Latimer preaching did fairly describe11·/˘˘/˘·/˘˘/
A bishop, who ruled all the rest of his tribe;11·/˘········
And who is this bishop? and where does he dwell?11····/˘·····
Why truly 'tis Satan, Archbishop of Hell.11·/˘·/˘//˘··
And He was a primate, and He wore a mitre,12····/·····/˘
Surrounded with jewels of sulphur and nitre.12˘/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘
How nearly this bishop our bishops resembles!12·/˘·/˘//˘˘/˘
But he has the odds, who believes and who trembles,12······˘/··/˘
Could you see his grim grace, for a pound to a penny,13···········/˘
You'd swear it must be the baboon of Kilkenny:12······˘/····
Poor Satan will think the comparison odious,12·/˘···˘/˘/˘˘
I wish I could find him out one more commodious;12·········˘/˘
But, this I am sure, the most reverend old dragon12·······/˘·/˘
Has got on the bench many bishops suffragan;12·····/˘/˘/˘˘
And all men believe he resides there incog,11···˘/·˘/·˘/
To give them by turns an invisible jog.11······˘/˘˘·
Our bishops, puft up with wealth and with pride,11/˘/˘·······
To hell on the backs of the clergy would ride.11·······/˘··
They mounted and labour'd with whip and with spur11·/˘········
In vain--for the devil a parson would stir.11····/˘·/˘··
So the commons unhors'd them; and this was their doom,12··/˘˘/······
On their crosiers to ride like a witch on a broom.12············
Though they gallop'd so fast, on the road you may find 'em,13··/˘·········
And have left us but three out of twenty behind 'em.13········/˘···
Lord Bolton's good grace, Lord Carr and Lord Howard,11·/˘······/˘
In spite of the devil would still be untoward:11····/···˘˘/
They came of good kindred, and could not endure11····/˘···˘/
Their former companions should beg at their door.11·/˘˘/˘·····
When Christ was betray'd to Pilate the pretor11···˘/····/˘
Of a dozen apostles but one proved a traitor:13··/˘˘/˘····/˘
One traitor alone, and faithful eleven;11·/˘˘/·/˘/˘˘
But we can afford you six traitors in seven.12···˘/··/˘·/˘
What a clutter with clippings, dividings, and cleavings!13··/˘·/˘˘/˘···
And the clergy forsooth must take up with their leavings;13··/˘˘/·····/˘
If making divisions was all their intent,11·/˘˘/˘···˘/
They've done it, we thank them, but not as they meant;11···········
And so may such bishops for ever divide,11····/˘·/˘˘/
That no honest heathen would be on their side.11··/˘/˘·····
How should we rejoice, if, like Judas the first,11···˘/··/˘··
Those splitters of parsons in sunder should burst!11····/˘·/˘··
Now hear an allusion:--A mitre, you know,11···˘/˘·/˘··
Is divided above, but united below.12·˘/˘···˘/˘··
If this you consider our emblem is right;11···˘/˘//˘··
The bishops divide, but the clergy unite.11·/˘˘/··/˘/·
Should the bottom be split, our bishops would dread11··/˘··//˘··
That the mitre would never stick fast on their head:11··/˘·/·····
And yet they have learnt the chief art of a sovereign,12··········/˘
As Machiavel taught them, "divide and ye govern."12······˘/··/˘
But courage, my lords, though it cannot be said11·/˘····/˘··
That one cloven tongue ever sat on your head;11··/˘·/˘····
I'll hold you a groat (and I wish I could see't)11···········
If your stockings were off, you could show cloven feet.12··/˘·····/˘·
But hold, cry the bishops, and give us fair play;11····/˘·····
Before you condemn us, hear what we can say.11···˘/······
What truer affections could ever be shown,11·/˘˘/˘·/˘··
Than saving your souls by damning our own?11·/˘···/˘/˘·
And have we not practised all methods to gain you;12·······/˘···
With the tithe of the tithe of the tithe to maintain you;13··········˘/·
Provided a fund for building you spittals!11˘/˘···/˘···
You are only to live four years without victuals.12··/˘······/˘
Content, my good lords; but let us change hands;10/˘········
First take you our tithes, and give us your lands.11···/˘······
So God bless the Church and three of our mitres;12········/˘/˘
And God bless the Commons, for biting the biters.12····/˘·/˘·/˘
Notes from the edition 2

The notes to the Poems of Jonathan Swift, Volume II (Project Gutenberg #13621).

  1. Line 10 Dr. Tennison, Bishop of Ossory, who promoted the Bills. See "Prose Works," xii, p.26.--W. E. B.
  2. Line 25 Theophilus Bolton, Archbishop of Cashel from 1729 to 1744; Charles Carr, Bishop of Killaloe from 1716 to 1739; and Robert Howard, Bishop of Elphin from 1729 to 1740, who voted against the bills on a division.--W. E. B.

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