Written in December, 1693

Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) · 1727

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 156 lines · from On Poetry: A Rhapsody, and Other Poems

Strange to conceive, how the same objects strikeAt distant hours the mind with forms so like!Whether in time, Deduction's broken chainMeets, and salutes her sister link again;Or haunted Fancy, by a circling flight,Comes back with joy to its own seat at night;Or whether dead Imagination's ghostOft hovers where alive it haunted most;Or if Thought's rolling globe, her circle run,Turns up old objects to the soul her sun;Or loves the Muse to walk with conscious prideO'er the glad scene whence first she rose a bride:Be what it will; late near yon whispering stream,Where her own Temple was her darling theme;There first the visionary sound was heard,When to poetic view the Muse appear'd.Such seem'd her eyes, as when an evening rayGives glad farewell to a tempestuous day;Weak is the beam to dry up Nature's tears,Still every tree the pendent sorrow wears;Such are the smiles where drops of crystal showApproaching joy at strife with parting woe.As when, to scare th'ungrateful or the proud,Tempests long frown, and thunder threatens loud,Till the blest sun, to give kind dawn of grace,Darts weeping beams across Heaven's watery face;When soon the peaceful bow unstring'd is shown,A sign God's dart is shot, and wrath o'erblown:Such to unhallow'd sight the Muse divineMight seem, when first she raised her eyes to mine.What mortal change does in thy face appear,Lost youth, she cried, since first I met thee here!With how undecent clouds are overcastThy looks, when every cause of grief is past!Unworthy the glad tidings which I bring,Listen while the Muse thus teaches thee to sing:As parent earth, burst by imprison'd winds,Scatters strange agues o'er men's sickly minds,And shakes the atheist's knees; such ghastly fearLate I beheld on every face appear;Mild Dorothea, peaceful, wise, and great,Trembling beheld the doubtful hand of fate;Mild Dorothea, whom we both have longNot dared to injure with our lowly song;Sprung from a better world, and chosen thenThe best companion for the best of men:As some fair pile, yet spared by zeal and rage,Lives pious witness of a better age;So men may see what once was womankind,In the fair shrine of Dorothea's mind.You that would grief describe, come here and traceIts watery footsteps in Dorinda's face:Grief from Dorinda's face does ne'er departFarther than its own palace in her heart:Ah, since our fears are fled, this insolent expel,At least confine the tyrant to his cell.And if so black the cloud that Heaven's bright queenShrouds her still beams; how should the stars be seen?Thus when Dorinda wept, joy every face forsook,And grief flung sables on each menial look;The humble tribe mourn'd for the quick'ning soul,That furnish'd spirit and motion through the whole;So would earth's face turn pale, and life decay,Should Heaven suspend to act but for a day;So nature's crazed convulsions make us dreadThat time is sick, or the world's mind is dead.--Take, youth, these thoughts, large matter to employThe fancy furnish'd by returning joy;And to mistaken man these truths rehearse,Who dare revile the integrity of verse:Ah, favourite youth, how happy is thy lot!--But I'm deceived, or thou regard'st me not;Speak, for I wait thy answer, and expectThy just submission for this bold neglect.Unknown the forms we the high-priesthood useAt the divine appearance of the Muse,Which to divulge might shake profane belief,And tell the irreligion of my grief;Grief that excused the tribute of my knees,And shaped my passion in such words as these!Malignant goddess! bane to my repose,Thou universal cause of all my woes;Say whence it comes that thou art grown of lateA poor amusement for my scorn and hate;The malice thou inspirest I never failOn thee to wreak the tribute when I rail;Fool's commonplace thou art, their weak ensconcing fort,Th'appeal of dulness in the last resort:Heaven, with a parent's eye regarding earth,Deals out to man the planet of his birth:But sees thy meteor blaze about me shine,And passing o'er, mistakes thee still for mine:Ah, should I tell a secret yet unknown,That thou ne'er hadst a being of thy own,But a wild form dependent on the brain,Scattering loose features o'er the optic vein;Troubling the crystal fountain of the sight,Which darts on poets' eyes a trembling light;Kindled while reason sleeps, but quickly flies,Like antic shapes in dreams, from waking eyes:In sum, a glitt'ring voice, a painted name,A walking vapour, like thy sister fame.But if thou be'st what thy mad votaries prate,A female power, loose govern'd thoughts create;Why near the dregs of youth perversely wilt thou stay,So highly courted by the brisk and gay?Wert thou right woman, thou should'st scorn to lookOn an abandon'd wretch by hopes forsook;Forsook by hopes, ill fortune's last relief,Assign'd for life to unremitting grief;For, let Heaven's wrath enlarge these weary days,If hope e'er dawns the smallest of its rays.Time o'er the happy takes so swift a flight,And treads so soft, so easy, and so light,That we the wretched, creeping far behind,Can scarce th'impression of his footsteps find;Smooth as that airy nymph so subtly bornWith inoffensive feet o'er standing corn;Which bow'd by evening breeze with bending stalks,Salutes the weary traveller as he walks;But o'er the afflicted with a heavy paceSweeps the broad scythe, and tramples on his face.Down falls the summer's pride, and sadly showsNature's bare visage furrow'd as he mows:See, Muse, what havoc in these looks appear,These are the tyrant's trophies of a year;Since hope his last and greatest foe is fled,Despair and he lodge ever in its stead;March o'er the ruin'd plain with motion slow,Still scattering desolation where they go.To thee I owe that fatal bent of mind,Still to unhappy restless thoughts inclined;To thee, what oft I vainly strive to hide,That scorn of fools, by fools mistook for pride;From thee whatever virtue takes its rise,Grows a misfortune, or becomes a vice;Such were thy rules to be poetically great:"Stoop not to interest, flattery, or deceit;Nor with hired thoughts be thy devotion paid;Learn to disdain their mercenary aid;Be this thy sure defence, thy brazen wall,Know no base action, at no guilt turn pale;And since unhappy distance thus deniesT'expose thy soul, clad in this poor disguise;Since thy few ill-presented graces seemTo breed contempt where thou hast hoped esteem--"Madness like this no fancy ever seized,Still to be cheated, never to be pleased;Since one false beam of joy in sickly mindsIs all the poor content delusion finds.--There thy enchantment broke, and from this hourI here renounce thy visionary power;And since thy essence on my breath dependsThus with a puff the whole delusion ends.

Flies o'er th'unbending corn, and skims along the main."

Nil conseire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa."

Words in this poem 25
haunted a.
Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
scare v. t.
To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to alarm. [OE. skerren, skeren, Icel. skirra to bar, prevent, skirrask to shun , shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre, adj., scared, Icel. skjarr; both perhaps akin to E. sheer ]
overcast v. t.
To cast or cover over; hence, to cloud; to darken.
womankind n.
The females of the human race; women, collectively.
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
expect v. t.
To wait for; to await. [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.]
irreligion n.
The state of being irreligious; want of religion; impiety. [L. irreligio: cf. F. irréligion. See In- not, and Religion.]
bane v. t.
To be the bane of; to ruin. Fuller.
amusement n.
Deep thought; muse. [Cf. F. amusement.]
wreak v. i.
To reck; to care.
antic v. t.
To make appear like a buffoon.
vapour n.
Any substance in the gaseous, or aëriform, state, the condition of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid. [OE. vapour, OF. vapour, vapor, vapeur, F. vapeur, L. vapor; probably for cvapor, and akin to Gr. kvepti to breathe, smell, Russ. kopote fine soot. Cf. Vapid.]
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
subtly adv.
In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.
sadly adv.
Wearily; heavily; firmly.
visage n.
The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. [F. visage, from L. visus a seeing, a look, fr. videre, visum, to see. See Vision.]
havoc n.
Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste. [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to]
desolation n.
The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation. [F. désolation, L. desolatio.]
defence n.
The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger. [F. défense, OF. defense, fem., defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. Fence.]
clad v.
To clothe. Holland.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
culpa n.
Negligence or fault, as distinguishable from dolus (deceit, fraud), which implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect of intellect, dolus to defect of heart. Wharton. [L.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Written in December, 1693 is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Jonathan Swift, D.D., Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #14353; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Jonathan Swift, Written in December, 1693, in On Poetry: A Rhapsody, and Other Poems (1727), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #14353, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/swift-poems-vol1/written-in-december-1693.html, id L24478.

Form and metre

Written in December, 1693 is 156 lines in 3 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 88% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA--BBCCDDEEFF--GGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPP--QQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccddeeffgghh--iijjkkllmmnnooppqqrrssttuuvvwwxxyyzzAABBCCDDEE--FFGGHHIIJJ----KK--LLMMNNOOPPQQ strikeA · likeA · chain · again · flightB · nightB · ghostC · mostC · runD · sunD · prideE · brideE · streamF · themeF · heard · appear'd · rayG · dayG · tearsH · wearsH · showI · woeI · proudJ · loudJ · graceK · faceK · shownL · o'erblownL · divineM · mineM · appearN · hereN · overcastO · pastO · bringP · singP · winds · minds · fearQ · appearQ · greatR · fateR · longS · songS · thenT · menT · rageU · ageU · womankindV · mindV · traceW · faceW · departX · heartX · expelY · cellY · queenZ · seenZ · forsooka · looka · soulb · wholeb · decayc · dayc · dreadd · deadd · employe · joye · rehearsef · versef · lotg · notg · expecth · neglecth · use · muse · beliefi · griefi · kneesj · thesej · reposek · woesk · latel · hatel · failm · railm · fortn · resortn · eartho · birtho · shinep · minep · unknownq · ownq · brainr · veinr · sights · lights · fliest · eyest · nameu · fameu · pratev · createv · stayw · gayw · lookx · forsookx · reliefy · griefy · daysz · raysz · flightA · lightA · behindB · findB · bornC · cornC · stalksD · walksD · paceE · faceE · shows · mows · appearF · yearF · fledG · steadG · slowH · goH · mindI · inclinedI · hideJ · prideJ · rise · vice · great · deceit · paidK · aidK · wall · pale · deniesL · disguiseL · seemM · esteemM · seizedN · pleasedN · mindsO · findsO · hourP · powerP · dependsQ · endsQ
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Strange to conceive, how the same objects strike10··˘/···/˘·
At distant hours the mind with forms so like!10·/˘/······
Whether in time, Deduction's broken chain10····˘/˘/˘·
Meets, and salutes her sister link again;10··˘/·/˘·˘/
Or haunted Fancy, by a circling flight,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Comes back with joy to its own seat at night;10··········
Or whether dead Imagination's ghost10····˘·˘/˘·
Oft hovers where alive it haunted most;10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Or if Thought's rolling globe, her circle run,10···/˘··/˘·
Turns up old objects to the soul her sun;10···/˘·····
Or loves the Muse to walk with conscious pride10·······/˘·
O'er the glad scene whence first she rose a bride:10··········
Be what it will; late near yon whispering stream,10·······/˘·
Where her own Temple was her darling theme;10···/˘··/˘·
There first the visionary sound was heard,10···/˘·˘···
When to poetic view the Muse appear'd.10··˘/˘···˘/
Such seem'd her eyes, as when an evening ray10·······/˘·
Gives glad farewell to a tempestuous day;10···/···/˘·
Weak is the beam to dry up Nature's tears,10·······/˘·
Still every tree the pendent sorrow wears;10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Such are the smiles where drops of crystal show10·······/˘·
Approaching joy at strife with parting woe.10˘/˘····/˘·
As when, to scare th'ungrateful or the proud,11···········
Tempests long frown, and thunder threatens loud,10/˘···/˘/˘·
Till the blest sun, to give kind dawn of grace,10··········
Darts weeping beams across Heaven's watery face;11·/˘·˘//˘/˘·
When soon the peaceful bow unstring'd is shown,10···/˘·····
A sign God's dart is shot, and wrath o'erblown:10··········
Such to unhallow'd sight the Muse divine10········˘/
Might seem, when first she raised her eyes to mine.10··········
What mortal change does in thy face appear,10·/˘·····˘/
Lost youth, she cried, since first I met thee here!10··········
With how undecent clouds are overcast10··˘/˘··/˘·
Thy looks, when every cause of grief is past!10···/˘·····
Unworthy the glad tidings which I bring,10˘/˘··/˘···
Listen while the Muse thus teaches thee to sing:11/˘····/˘···
As parent earth, burst by imprison'd winds,10·/˘···˘/˘·
Scatters strange agues o'er men's sickly minds,9/˘····/˘·
And shakes the atheist's knees; such ghastly fear10···/˘··/˘·
Late I beheld on every face appear;10··˘/·/˘·˘/
Mild Dorothea, peaceful, wise, and great,10··˘/˘/˘···
Trembling beheld the doubtful hand of fate;10/˘˘/·/˘···
Mild Dorothea, whom we both have long10··˘/˘·····
Not dared to injure with our lowly song;10···/˘·//˘·
Sprung from a better world, and chosen then10···/˘··/˘·
The best companion for the best of men:10··˘/˘·····
As some fair pile, yet spared by zeal and rage,10··········
Lives pious witness of a better age;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
So men may see what once was womankind,10·······/˘˘
In the fair shrine of Dorothea's mind.10······˘/˘·
You that would grief describe, come here and trace10····˘/····
Its watery footsteps in Dorinda's face:10·/˘/··˘/˘·
Grief from Dorinda's face does ne'er depart10··˘/˘···˘/
Farther than its own palace in her heart:10/˘···/˘···
Ah, since our fears are fled, this insolent expel,11··/····/˘˘/
At least confine the tyrant to his cell.10··˘/·/˘···
And if so black the cloud that Heaven's bright queen11·······/˘··
Shrouds her still beams; how should the stars be seen?10··········
Thus when Dorinda wept, joy every face forsook,12··˘/˘··/˘·˘/
And grief flung sables on each menial look;10···/˘··/˘·
The humble tribe mourn'd for the quick'ning soul,10·/˘·······
That furnish'd spirit and motion through the whole;10·/˘/·/˘···
So would earth's face turn pale, and life decay,10········˘/
Should Heaven suspend to act but for a day;10·/˘/······
So nature's crazed convulsions make us dread10·/˘·˘/˘···
That time is sick, or the world's mind is dead.--10··········
Take, youth, these thoughts, large matter to employ10·····/˘·˘/
The fancy furnish'd by returning joy;10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
And to mistaken man these truths rehearse,10··˘/˘···˘/
Who dare revile the integrity of verse:10··˘/·˘/˘··
Ah, favourite youth, how happy is thy lot!--11······/˘···
But I'm deceived, or thou regard'st me not;10··˘/······
Speak, for I wait thy answer, and expect10·····/˘·˘/
Thy just submission for this bold neglect.10··˘/˘···˘/
Unknown the forms we the high-priesthood use10˘/·····/˘·
At the divine appearance of the Muse,10··˘/˘/˘···
Which to divulge might shake profane belief,10··˘/··˘/˘/
And tell the irreligion of my grief;10··········
Grief that excused the tribute of my knees,10··˘/·/˘···
And shaped my passion in such words as these!10···/˘·····
Malignant goddess! bane to my repose,10˘/˘/˘···˘/
Thou universal cause of all my woes;10··˘/˘·····
Say whence it comes that thou art grown of late10··········
A poor amusement for my scorn and hate;10··˘/˘·····
The malice thou inspirest I never fail10·/˘·˘/˘·/·
On thee to wreak the tribute when I rail;10·····/˘···
Fool's commonplace thou art, their weak ensconcing fort,12·/˘·····˘/˘·
Th'appeal of dulness in the last resort:10········˘/
Heaven, with a parent's eye regarding earth,10/··/˘·˘/˘·
Deals out to man the planet of his birth:10·····/˘···
But sees thy meteor blaze about me shine,10···/˘·····
And passing o'er, mistakes thee still for mine:10·/˘·˘/····
Ah, should I tell a secret yet unknown,10·····/˘·˘/
That thou ne'er hadst a being of thy own,10·····/˘···
But a wild form dependent on the brain,10····˘/˘···
Scattering loose features o'er the optic vein;10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Troubling the crystal fountain of the sight,10/˘·/˘/˘···
Which darts on poets' eyes a trembling light;10···/˘··/˘·
Kindled while reason sleeps, but quickly flies,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Like antic shapes in dreams, from waking eyes:10·/˘····/˘·
In sum, a glitt'ring voice, a painted name,10·······/˘·
A walking vapour, like thy sister fame.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
But if thou be'st what thy mad votaries prate,10··········
A female power, loose govern'd thoughts create;10·/·/·/˘·˘/
Why near the dregs of youth perversely wilt thou stay,12······˘/˘···
So highly courted by the brisk and gay?10·/˘/˘·····
Wert thou right woman, thou should'st scorn to look10···/˘·····
On an abandon'd wretch by hopes forsook;10··˘/˘···˘/
Forsook by hopes, ill fortune's last relief,10˘/···/˘·˘/
Assign'd for life to unremitting grief;10˘/····˘/˘·
For, let Heaven's wrath enlarge these weary days,11··/˘·˘/·/˘·
If hope e'er dawns the smallest of its rays.10·····/˘···
Time o'er the happy takes so swift a flight,10···/˘·····
And treads so soft, so easy, and so light,10·····/˘···
That we the wretched, creeping far behind,10···/˘/˘···
Can scarce th'impression of his footsteps find;10·······/··
Smooth as that airy nymph so subtly born10···/˘··/˘·
With inoffensive feet o'er standing corn;10·˘˘/˘··/˘·
Which bow'd by evening breeze with bending stalks,10···/˘··/˘·
Salutes the weary traveller as he walks;10˘/·/˘/˘···
But o'er the afflicted with a heavy pace11···˘/˘··/˘·
Sweeps the broad scythe, and tramples on his face.10·····/˘···
Down falls the summer's pride, and sadly shows10···/˘··/˘·
Nature's bare visage furrow'd as he mows:10/˘·/˘/˘···
See, Muse, what havoc in these looks appear,10···/˘···˘/
These are the tyrant's trophies of a year;10···/˘/˘···
Since hope his last and greatest foe is fled,10·····/˘···
Despair and he lodge ever in its stead;10˘/···/˘···
March o'er the ruin'd plain with motion slow,10···/˘··/˘·
Still scattering desolation where they go.10·/˘·˘/˘···
To thee I owe that fatal bent of mind,10·····/˘···
Still to unhappy restless thoughts inclined;10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
To thee, what oft I vainly strive to hide,10·····/˘···
That scorn of fools, by fools mistook for pride;10······˘/··
From thee whatever virtue takes its rise,10···/˘/˘···
Grows a misfortune, or becomes a vice;10··˘/˘·˘/··
Such were thy rules to be poetically great:10······˘/˘·
"Stoop not to interest, flattery, or deceit;10···/˘/˘·˘/
Nor with hired thoughts be thy devotion paid;10··/···˘/˘·
Learn to disdain their mercenary aid;10··˘/·/˘·˘·
Be this thy sure defence, thy brazen wall,10····˘/·/˘·
Know no base action, at no guilt turn pale;10···/˘·····
And since unhappy distance thus denies10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
T'expose thy soul, clad in this poor disguise;10········˘/
Since thy few ill-presented graces seem10····˘/˘/˘·
To breed contempt where thou hast hoped esteem--"10··˘/····˘/
Madness like this no fancy ever seized,10/˘···/˘/˘·
Still to be cheated, never to be pleased;10···/˘/˘···
Since one false beam of joy in sickly minds10·······/˘·
Is all the poor content delusion finds.--10····˘/˘/˘·
There thy enchantment broke, and from this hour11··˘/˘····/˘
I here renounce thy visionary power;11··˘/·/˘·˘/˘
And since thy essence on my breath depends10···/˘···˘/
Thus with a puff the whole delusion ends.10······˘/˘·
Flies o'er th'unbending corn, and skims along the main."12········˘/··
Nil conseire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa."12··········/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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