Mahmud: Cease!

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) · 1813–1820

iambic pentameter · 391 lines · from Alastor, and Other Poems

MESSENGER:Your Sublime Highness,That Christian hound, the Muscovite Ambassador,Has left the city.--If the rebel fleetHad anchored in the port, had victoryCrowned the Greek legions in the Hippodrome,Panic were tamer.--Obedience and Mutiny,Like giants in contention planet-struck,Stand gazing on each other.--There is peaceIn Stamboul.--

MAHMUD:Is the grave not calmer still?Its ruins shall be mine.

HASSAN:Fear not the Russian:The tiger leagues not with the stag at bayAgainst the hunter.--Cunning, base, and cruel,He crouches, watching till the spoil be won,And must be paid for his reserve in blood.After the war is fought, yield the sleek RussianThat which thou canst not keep, his deserved portionOf blood, which shall not flow through streets and fields,Rivers and seas, like that which we may win,But stagnate in the veins of Christian slaves!

Nauplia, Tripolizza, Mothon, Athens,Navarin, Artas, Monembasia,Corinth, and Thebes are carried by assault,And every Islamite who made his dogsFat with the flesh of Galilean slavesPassed at the edge of the sword: the lust of blood,Which made our warriors drunk, is quenched in death;But like a fiery plague breaks out anewIn deeds which make the Christian cause look paleIn its own light. The garrison of PatrasHas store but for ten days, nor is there hopeBut from the Briton: at once slave and tyrant,His wishes still are weaker than his fears,Or he would sell what faith may yet remainFrom the oaths broke in Genoa and in Norway;And if you buy him not, your treasuryIs empty even of promises--his own coin.The freedman of a western poet-chiefHolds Attica with seven thousand rebels,And has beat back the Pacha of Negropont:The aged Ali sits in YaninaA crownless metaphor of empire:His name, that shadow of his withered might,Holds our besieging army like a spellIn prey to famine, pest, and mutiny;He, bastioned in his citadel, looks forthJoyless upon the sapphire lake that mirrorsThe ruins of the city where he reignedChildless and sceptreless. The Greek has reapedThe costly harvest his own blood matured,Not the sower, Ali--who has bought a truceFrom Ypsilanti with ten camel-loadsOf Indian gold.

MAHMUD:What more?

The Christian tribesOf Lebanon and the Syrian wildernessAre in revolt;--Damascus, Hems, AleppoTremble;--the Arab menaces Medina,The Aethiop has intrenched himself in Sennaar,And keeps the Egyptian rebel well employed,Who denies homage, claims investitureAs price of tardy aid. Persia demandsThe cities on the Tigris, and the GeorgiansRefuse their living tribute. Crete and Cyprus,Like mountain-twins that from each other's veinsCatch the volcano-fire and earthquake-spasm,Shake in the general fever. Through the city,Like birds before a storm, the Santons shriek,And prophesyings horrible and newAre heard among the crowd: that sea of menSleeps on the wrecks it made, breathless and still.A Dervise, learned in the Koran, preachesThat it is written how the sins of IslamMust raise up a destroyer even now.The Greeks expect a Saviour from the West,Who shall not come, men say, in clouds and glory,But in the omnipresence of that SpiritIn which all live and are. Ominous signsAre blazoned broadly on the noonday sky:One saw a red cross stamped upon the sun;It has rained blood; and monstrous births declareThe secret wrath of Nature and her Lord.The army encamped upon the CydarisWas roused last night by the alarm of battle,And saw two hosts conflicting in the air,The shadows doubtless of the unborn timeCast on the mirror of the night. While yetThe fight hung balanced, there arose a stormWhich swept the phantoms from among the stars.At the third watch the Spirit of the PlagueWas heard abroad flapping among the tents;Those who relieved watch found the sentinels dead.The last news from the camp is, that a thousandHave sickened, and--

MAHMUD:And thou, pale ghost, dim shadowOf some untimely rumour, speak!

One comesFainting with toil, covered with foam and blood:He stood, he says, on Chelonites'Promontory, which o'erlooks the isles that groanUnder the Briton's frown, and all their watersThen trembling in the splendour of the moon,When as the wandering clouds unveiled or hidHer boundless light, he saw two adverse fleetsStalk through the night in the horizon's glimmer,Mingling fierce thunders and sulphureous gleams,And smoke which strangled every infant windThat soothed the silver clouds through the deep air.At length the battle slept, but the SiroccoAwoke, and drove his flock of thunder-cloudsOver the sea-horizon, blotting outAll objects--save that in the faint moon-glimpseHe saw, or dreamed he saw, the Turkish admiralAnd two the loftiest of our ships of war,With the bright image of that Queen of Heaven,Who hid, perhaps, her face for grief, reversed;And the abhorred cross--

NOTE:on Chelonites']on Chelonites "Errata";upon Clelonite's edition 1822;upon Clelonit's editions 1839.

ATTENDANT:Your Sublime Highness,The Jew, who--

MAHMUD:Could not come more seasonably:Bid him attend. I'll hear no more! too longWe gaze on danger through the mist of fear,And multiply upon our shattered hopesThe images of ruin. Come what will!To-morrow and to-morrow are as lampsSet in our path to light us to the edgeThrough rough and smooth, nor can we suffer aughtWhich He inflicts not in whose hand we are.

Would I were the winged cloudOf a tempest swift and loud!I would scornThe smile of mornAnd the wave where the moonrise is born!I would leaveThe spirits of eveA shroud for the corpse of the day to weaveFrom other threads than mine!Bask in the deep blue noon divine.Who would? Not I.

Whither to fly?

Where the rocks that gird th' AegeanEcho to the battle paeanOf the free--I would fleeA tempestuous herald of victory!My golden rainFor the Grecian slainShould mingle in tears with the bloody main,And my solemn thunder-knellShould ring to the world the passing-bellOf Tyranny!

Ah king! wilt thou chainThe rack and the rain?Wilt thou fetter the lightning and hurricane?The storms are free,But we--

CHORUS:O Slavery! thou frost of the world's prime,Killing its flowers and leaving its thorns bare!Thy touch has stamped these limbs with crime,These brows thy branding garland bear,But the free heart, the impassive soulScorn thy control!

Let there be light! said Liberty,And like sunrise from the sea,Athens arose!--Around her born,Shone like mountains in the mornGlorious states;--and are they nowAshes, wrecks, oblivion?

Go,Where Thermae and Asopus swallowedPersia, as the sand does foam:Deluge upon deluge followed,Discord, Macedon, and Rome:And lastly thou!

Temples and towers,Citadels and marts, and theyWho live and die there, have been ours,And may be thine, and must decay;But Greece and her foundations areBuilt below the tide of war,Based on the crystalline seaOf thought and its eternity;Her citizens, imperial spirits,Rule the present from the past,On all this world of men inheritsTheir seal is set.

Hear ye the blast,Whose Orphic thunder thrilling callsFrom ruin her Titanian walls?Whose spirit shakes the sapless bonesOf Slavery? Argos, Corinth, CreteHear, and from their mountain thronesThe daemons and the nymphs repeatThe harmony.

I hear! I hear!

The world's eyeless charioteer,Destiny, is hurrying by!What faith is crushed, what empire bleedsBeneath her earthquake-footed steeds?What eagle-winged victory sitsAt her right hand? what shadow flitsBefore? what splendour rolls behind?Ruin and renovation cry'Who but We?'

I hear! I hear!The hiss as of a rushing wind,The roar as of an ocean foaming,The thunder as of earthquake coming.I hear! I hear!The crash as of an empire falling,The shrieks as of a people calling'Mercy! mercy!'--How they thrill!Then a shout of 'kill! kill! kill!'And then a small still voice, thus--

ForRevenge and Wrong bring forth their kind,The foul cubs like their parents are,Their den is in the guilty mind,And Conscience feeds them with despair.

NOTE:Fear cj. Fleay, Forman, Dowden. See Editor's Note.

In sacred Athens, near the faneOf Wisdom, Pity's altar stood:Serve not the unknown God in vain.But pay that broken shrine again,Love for hate and tears for blood.

MAHMUD:Thou art a man, thou sayest, even as we.

AHASUERUS:No more!

MAHMUD:But raised above thy fellow-menBy thought, as I by power.

AHASUERUS:Thou sayest so.

MAHMUD:Thou art an adept in the difficult loreOf Greek and Frank philosophy; thou numberestThe flowers, and thou measurest the stars;Thou severest element from element;Thy spirit is present in the Past, and seesThe birth of this old world through all its cyclesOf desolation and of loveliness,And when man was not, and how man becameThe monarch and the slave of this low sphere,And all its narrow circles--it is much--I honour thee, and would be what thou artWere I not what I am; but the unborn hour,Cradled in fear and hope, conflicting storms,Who shall unveil? Nor thou, nor I, nor anyMighty or wise. I apprehended notWhat thou hast taught me, but I now perceiveThat thou art no interpreter of dreams;Thou dost not own that art, device, or God,Can make the Future present--let it come!Moreover thou disdainest us and ours;Thou art as God, whom thou contemplatest.

AHASUERUS:Disdain thee?--not the worm beneath thy feet!The Fathomless has care for meaner thingsThan thou canst dream, and has made pride for thoseWho would be what they may not, or would seemThat which they are not. Sultan! talk no moreOf thee and me, the Future and the Past;But look on that which cannot change--the One,The unborn and the undying. Earth and ocean,Space, and the isles of life or light that gemThe sapphire floods of interstellar air,This firmament pavilioned upon chaos,With all its cressets of immortal fire,Whose outwall, bastioned impregnablyAgainst the escape of boldest thoughts, repels themAs Calpe the Atlantic clouds--this WholeOf suns, and worlds, and men, and beasts, and flowers,With all the silent or tempestuous workingsBy which they have been, are, or cease to be,Is but a vision;--all that it inheritsAre motes of a sick eye, bubbles and dreams;Thought is its cradle and its grave, nor lessThe Future and the Past are idle shadowsOf thought's eternal flight--they have no being:Nought is but that which feels itself to be.

MAHMUD:What meanest thou? Thy words stream like a tempestOf dazzling mist within my brain--they shakeThe earth on which I stand, and hang like nightOn Heaven above me. What can they avail?They cast on all things surest, brightest, best,Doubt, insecurity, astonishment.

AHASUERUS:Mistake me not! All is contained in each.Dodona's forest to an acorn's cupIs that which has been, or will be, to thatWhich is--the absent to the present. ThoughtAlone, and its quick elements, Will, Passion,Reason, Imagination, cannot die;They are, what that which they regard appears,The stuff whence mutability can weaveAll that it hath dominion o'er, worlds, worms,Empires, and superstitions. What has thoughtTo do with time, or place, or circumstance?Wouldst thou behold the Future?--ask and have!Knock and it shall be opened--look, and lo!The coming age is shadowed on the PastAs on a glass.

MAHMUD:Wild, wilder thoughts convulseMy spirit--Did not Mahomet the SecondWin Stamboul?

AHASUERUS:Thou wouldst ask that giant spiritThe written fortunes of thy house and faith.Thou wouldst cite one out of the grave to tellHow what was born in blood must die.

MAHMUD:Thy wordsHave power on me! I see--

AHASUERUS:What hearest thou?

MAHMUD:A far whisper--Terrible silence.

AHASUERUS:What succeeds?

MAHMUD:The soundAs of the assault of an imperial city,The hiss of inextinguishable fire,The roar of giant cannon; the earthquakingFall of vast bastions and precipitous towers,The shock of crags shot from strange enginery,The clash of wheels, and clang of armed hoofs,And crash of brazen mail as of the wreckOf adamantine mountains--the mad blastOf trumpets, and the neigh of raging steeds,The shrieks of women whose thrill jars the blood,And one sweet laugh, most horrible to hear,As of a joyous infant waked and playingWith its dead mother's breast, and now more loudThe mingled battle-cry,--ha! hear I not'En touto nike!' 'Allah-illa-Allah!'?

AHASUERUS:The sulphurous mist is raised--thou seest--

MAHMUD:A chasm,As of two mountains in the wall of Stamboul;And in that ghastly breach the Islamites,Like giants on the ruins of a world,Stand in the light of sunrise. In the dustGlimmers a kingless diadem, and oneOf regal port has cast himself beneathThe stream of war. Another proudly cladIn golden arms spurs a Tartarian barbInto the gap, and with his iron maceDirects the torrent of that tide of men,And seems--he is--Mahomet!

AHASUERUS:What thou seestIs but the ghost of thy forgotten dream.A dream itself, yet less, perhaps, than thatThou call'st reality. Thou mayst beholdHow cities, on which Empire sleeps enthroned,Bow their towered crests to mutability.Poised by the flood, e'en on the height thou holdest,Thou mayst now learn how the full tide of powerEbbs to its depths.--Inheritor of glory,Conceived in darkness, born in blood, and nourishedWith tears and toil, thou seest the mortal throesOf that whose birth was but the same. The PastNow stands before thee like an IncarnationOf the To-come; yet wouldst thou commune withThat portion of thyself which was ere thouDidst start for this brief race whose crown is death,Dissolve with that strong faith and fervent passionWhich called it from the uncreated deep,Yon cloud of war, with its tempestuous phantomsOf raging death; and draw with mighty willThe imperial shade hither.

Words in this poem 80
highness n.
The state of being high; elevation; loftiness. [AS. heáhnes.]
rebel a.
Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, rebel troops. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]
anchored a.
Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an anchored bark; also, shaped like an anchor; forked; as, an anchored tongue.
hippodrome n.
A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races. [L. hippodromos, Gr. hippodrome.]
tamer n.
One who tames or subdues.
calmer n.
One who, or that which, makes calm.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
stagnate v. i.
To cease to flow; to be motionless; as, blood stagnates in the veins of an animal; hence, to become impure or foul by want of motion; as, air stagnates in a close room. [L. stagnatus, p.p. of stagnare to stagnate, make stagnant, from stagnum a piece of standing water. See Stank a pool, and cf. Stanch, v. t.]
galilean a.
Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope.
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
freedman n.
A man who has been a slave, and has been set free.
crownless a.
Without a crown.
besieging a.
That besieges; laying siege to.
famine n.
General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss, lack, ha to leave.]
pest n.
A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague. [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]
bastioned a.
Furnished with a bastion; having bastions.
joyless a.
Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable.
sceptreless a.
Having no scepter; without authority; powerless; as, a scepterless king.
sower n.
One who, or that which, sows.
investiture n.
The act or ceremony of investing, or the of being invested, as with an office; a giving possession; also, the right of so investing. [LL. investitura: cf. F. investiture.]
cyprus n.
A thin, transparent stuff, the same as, or corresponding to, crape. It was either white or black, the latter being most common, and used for mourning. [OE. cipres, cypirs; perh. so named as being first manufactured in Cyprus. Cf. Cipers.]
breathless a.
Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
dervise n.
A Turkish or Persian monk, especially one who professes extreme poverty and leads an austere life. [Per. derw, fr. OPer. derew to beg, ask alms: cf. F. derviche.]
islam n.
The religion of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islamism. Their formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet. [Ar. islam obedience to the will of God, submission, humbling one's self, resigning one's self to the divine disposal. Cf. Moslem.]
expect v. t.
To wait for; to await. [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.]
saviour n.
One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger. [OE. saveour, OF. salveor, F. sauveur, fr. L. salvator to save. See Save, v.]
noonday n.
Midday; twelve o'clock in the day; noon.
doubtless a.
Free from fear or suspicion.
unborn a.
Not born; no yet brought into life; being still to appear; future.
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
rumour n.
A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety. [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare, rumitare to rumor, Skr. ru to cry.]
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
sulphureous a.
Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur, or brimstone; impregnated with sulphur. [L. sulphureus, sulfureus.]
sirocco n.
An oppressive, relaxing wind from the Libyan deserts, chiefly experienced in Italy, Malta, and Sicily. [It. sirocco, scirocco, Ar. shorug, fr. sharq the rising of the sun, the east, fr, sharaca to rise as the sun. Cf. Saracen.]
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
moonrise n.
The rising of the moon above the horizon; also, the time of its rising.
corpse n.
A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
bask v. i.
To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat. [OScand. ba to bathe one's self, or perh. bakask to bake one's self, sk being reflexive. See Bath, n., Bake, v. t.]
whither adv.
To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]
impassive a.
Not susceptible of pain or suffering; apathetic; impassible; unmoved.
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
oblivion n.
The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness. [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf. OF. oblivion.]
thermae n.
Springs or baths of warm or hot water. [L. See Thermal.]
lastly adv.
In the last place; in conclusion.
orphic a.
Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns.
thrilling a.
Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance.
sapless a.
Destitute of sap; not juicy.
eyeless a.
Without eyes; blind.
charioteer n.
One who drives a chariot.
renovation n.
The act or process of renovating; the state of being renovated or renewed. Thomson. [L.renovatio: cf. F. rénovation.]
conscience n.
Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]
fane n.
A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church. [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. fari to speak. See Fame.]
desolation n.
The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation. [F. désolation, L. desolatio.]
loveliness n.
The state or quality of being lovely. [From Lovely.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
unveil v. t.
To remove a veil from; to divest of a veil; to uncover; to disclose to view; to reveal; as, she unveiled her face. [1st pref. un- + veil.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
fathomless a.
Incapable of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can not be sounded.
undying a.
Not dying; imperishable; unending; immortal; as, the undying souls of men.
interstellar a.
Between or among the stars; as, interstellar space.
firmament n.
Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
chaos n.
An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
outwall n.
The exterior wall; the outside surface, or appearance.
astonishment n.
The condition of one who is stunned. Hence: Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense. [Cf. OF. est, F. étonnement.]
mutability n.
The quality of being mutable, or subject to change or alteration, either in form, state, or essential character; susceptibility of change; changeableness; inconstancy; variation. [L. mutabilitas: cf. F. mutabilité.]
convulse v. t.
To contract violently and irregulary, as the muscular parts of an animal body; to shake with irregular spasms, as in excessive laughter, or in agony from grief or pain. [L. convulsus, p.p. of convellere to tear up, to shake; con- + vellere to pluck, pull.]
enginery n.
The act or art of managing engines, or artillery.
clang v. t.
To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound. [L. clangere; akin to Gr. clank.]
trumpets n.
A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves.
kingless a.
Having no king. F. Lieber.
clad v.
To clothe. Holland.
tartarian a.
Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars. Tartarian lamb (Bot.), Scythian lamb. See Barometz.
towered a.
Adorned or defended by towers.
inheritor n.
One who inherits; an heir.
commune n.
The commonalty; the common people. [F., fr. commun. See Common.]
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
fervent a.
Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as, a fervent summer. [F. fervent, L. fervens, -entis. p.pr. of fervere o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Mahmud: Cease! is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #4797; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mahmud: Cease!, in Alastor, and Other Poems (1813–1820), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4797, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-poems/mahmud-cease.html, id L00276.

Form and metre

Mahmud: Cease! is 391 lines in 44 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.4 syllables. 116 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 40% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 3 AB--A-BA-B- hassanA · russianB · bay · cruel · wonA · blood · russianB · portionA · fields · winB · slaves
  2. 6 --------A-A---------------B---B--------- tribes · wilderness · aleppo · medina · sennaar · employed · investiture · demands · georgiansA · cyprus · veinsA · spasm · city · shriek · new · men · still · preaches · islam · now · west · glory · spirit · signs · sky · sun · declareB · lord · cydaris · battle · airB · time · yet · storm · stars · plague · tents · dead · thousand · and
  3. 9 --AA note · errata · — · —
  4. 12 AABBBCCCDD- cloudA · loudA · scornB · mornB · bornB · leaveC · eveC · weaveC · mineD · divineD · i
  5. 14 AABB-CCCDD- aegeanA · paeanA · freeB · fleeB · victory · rainC · slainC · mainC · knellD · bellD · tyranny
  6. 15 AAABB chainA · rainA · hurricaneA · freeB · weB
  7. 16 -ABABCC chorus · primeA · bareB · crimeA · bearB · soulC · controlC
  8. 17 --AA-- liberty · sea · bornA · mornA · now · oblivion
  9. 18 -ABAB- go · swallowedA · foamB · followedA · romeB · thou
  10. 19 ABAB-------- towersA · theyB · oursA · decayB · are · war · sea · eternity · spirits · past · inherits · set
  11. 20 -AABCBC- blast · callsA · wallsA · bonesB · creteC · thronesB · repeatC · harmony
  12. 22 -ABB---AA charioteer · byA · bleedsB · steedsB · sits · flits · behind · cryA · weA
  13. 23 A---A--BB- hearA · wind · foaming · coming · hearA · falling · calling · thrillB · killB · thus
  14. 24 ABAB- forA · kindB · areA · mindB · despair
  15. 25 AA noteA · noteA
  16. 26 ABAAB faneA · stoodB · vainA · againA · bloodB
  17. 31 ---A----------------A- mahmud · lore · numberest · starsA · element · sees · cycles · loveliness · became · sphere · much · art · hour · storms · any · not · perceive · dreams · god · come · oursA · contemplatest
  18. 32 ---A---BBC----C---D---A-D ahasuerus · feet · things · thoseA · seem · more · past · oneB · oceanB · gemC · air · chaos · fire · impregnably · themC · whole · flowers · workings · beD · inherits · dreams · less · shadowsA · being · beD
  19. 33 -A---A- mahmud · tempestA · shake · night · avail · bestA · astonishment
  20. 34 ----A-----A----- ahasuerus · each · cup · that · thoughtA · passion · die · appears · weave · worms · thoughtA · circumstance · have · lo · past · glass
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
MESSENGER:3/˘˘
Your Sublime Highness,5·˘//˘
That Christian hound, the Muscovite Ambassador,11·/˘··/˘·˘/˘
Has left the city.--If the rebel fleet10···/˘··/˘·
Had anchored in the port, had victory10·/˘····/˘˘
Crowned the Greek legions in the Hippodrome,10···/˘··/˘·
Panic were tamer.--Obedience and Mutiny,11/˘·/˘˘/˘·/˘
Like giants in contention planet-struck,10·/˘·˘/˘/˘·
Stand gazing on each other.--There is peace10·/˘··/˘···
In Stamboul.--3···
MAHMUD:2/˘
Is the grave not calmer still?7····/˘·
Its ruins shall be mine.6·/˘···
HASSAN:2˘/
Fear not the Russian:5···/˘
The tiger leagues not with the stag at bay10·/˘·······
Against the hunter.--Cunning, base, and cruel,11···/˘/˘··/˘
He crouches, watching till the spoil be won,10·/˘/˘·····
And must be paid for his reserve in blood.10······˘/··
After the war is fought, yield the sleek Russian11·········/˘
That which thou canst not keep, his deserved portion11·······˘//˘
Of blood, which shall not flow through streets and fields,10··········
Rivers and seas, like that which we may win,10/˘········
But stagnate in the veins of Christian slaves!10·/·····/˘·
Nauplia, Tripolizza, Mothon, Athens,10······/˘/˘
Navarin, Artas, Monembasia,9·········
Corinth, and Thebes are carried by assault,10/˘···/˘·˘/
And every Islamite who made his dogs10·/˘/˘˘····
Fat with the flesh of Galilean slaves10······˘/˘·
Passed at the edge of the sword: the lust of blood,11···········
Which made our warriors drunk, is quenched in death;10··//˘·····
But like a fiery plague breaks out anew10···/˘···˘/
In deeds which make the Christian cause look pale10·····/˘···
In its own light. The garrison of Patras10·····/˘···
Has store but for ten days, nor is there hope10··········
But from the Briton: at once slave and tyrant,11···/˘····/˘
His wishes still are weaker than his fears,10·/˘··/˘···
Or he would sell what faith may yet remain10········˘/
From the oaths broke in Genoa and in Norway;11·····/˘··/·
And if you buy him not, your treasury10·······/˘˘
Is empty even of promises--his own coin.10·/˘/·/˘···
The freedman of a western poet-chief10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Holds Attica with seven thousand rebels,11·/˘˘·/˘/˘/˘
And has beat back the Pacha of Negropont:11···········
The aged Ali sits in Yanina9··/˘·····
A crownless metaphor of empire:10·/˘/˘˘·/˘˘
His name, that shadow of his withered might,10···/···/˘·
Holds our besieging army like a spell10·/˘/˘/˘···
In prey to famine, pest, and mutiny;10···/˘··/˘˘
He, bastioned in his citadel, looks forth10·/˘··/˘···
Joyless upon the sapphire lake that mirrors11/˘···/˘··/˘
The ruins of the city where he reigned10·/˘··/˘···
Childless and sceptreless. The Greek has reaped10/˘········
The costly harvest his own blood matured,10·/˘/˘···˘/
Not the sower, Ali--who has bought a truce11··/˘/˘·····
From Ypsilanti with ten camel-loads10··˘/˘··/˘·
Of Indian gold.5·/˘˘·
MAHMUD:2/˘
What more?2··
The Christian tribes4·/˘·
Of Lebanon and the Syrian wilderness11·/˘··/˘˘/˘˘
Are in revolt;--Damascus, Hems, Aleppo11··˘/˘/˘····
Tremble;--the Arab menaces Medina,11/˘·/˘/˘˘˘/˘
The Aethiop has intrenched himself in Sennaar,11······˘/···
And keeps the Egyptian rebel well employed,11···˘/˘/˘·˘/
Who denies homage, claims investiture10·˘//˘·˘/˘˘
As price of tardy aid. Persia demands10···/˘·/˘˘/
The cities on the Tigris, and the Georgians11·/˘··/˘··/˘
Refuse their living tribute. Crete and Cyprus,11˘/·/˘/˘··/˘
Like mountain-twins that from each other's veins10·/˘····/˘·
Catch the volcano-fire and earthquake-spasm,11··˘/˘/·/·/˘
Shake in the general fever. Through the city,11···/˘/˘··/˘
Like birds before a storm, the Santons shriek,10·······/˘·
And prophesyings horrible and new9····/˘˘··
Are heard among the crowd: that sea of men10··········
Sleeps on the wrecks it made, breathless and still.10······/˘··
A Dervise, learned in the Koran, preaches10······˘//˘
That it is written how the sins of Islam11···/˘····/˘
Must raise up a destroyer even now.10····˘/˘/˘·
The Greeks expect a Saviour from the West,10··˘/·/˘···
Who shall not come, men say, in clouds and glory,11·········/˘
But in the omnipresence of that Spirit11····˘/˘··/˘
In which all live and are. Ominous signs10······/˘˘·
Are blazoned broadly on the noonday sky:10···/˘··/˘·
One saw a red cross stamped upon the sun;10··········
It has rained blood; and monstrous births declare10·····/˘·˘/
The secret wrath of Nature and her Lord.10·/˘··/˘···
The army encamped upon the Cydaris11·/˘˘/······
Was roused last night by the alarm of battle,11······˘/·/˘
And saw two hosts conflicting in the air,10····˘/˘···
The shadows doubtless of the unborn time10·/·/˘··//·
Cast on the mirror of the night. While yet10···/˘·····
The fight hung balanced, there arose a storm10···/˘·˘/··
Which swept the phantoms from among the stars.10···/˘·····
At the third watch the Spirit of the Plague10·····/˘···
Was heard abroad flapping among the tents;10··˘//˘····
Those who relieved watch found the sentinels dead.10··˘/···/˘·
The last news from the camp is, that a thousand11·········/˘
Have sickened, and--4·/˘·
MAHMUD:2/˘
And thou, pale ghost, dim shadow7·····/·
Of some untimely rumour, speak!8··˘/˘·˘·
One comes2··
Fainting with toil, covered with foam and blood:10/˘··/˘····
He stood, he says, on Chelonites'8········
Promontory, which o'erlooks the isles that groan11/˘˘˘·······
Under the Briton's frown, and all their waters11···/˘····/˘
Then trembling in the splendour of the moon,10·/˘··/˘···
When as the wandering clouds unveiled or hid10···/˘·˘/··
Her boundless light, he saw two adverse fleets10·/˘····/··
Stalk through the night in the horizon's glimmer,11······˘/˘/˘
Mingling fierce thunders and sulphureous gleams,11/˘·/˘·˘/˘˘·
And smoke which strangled every infant wind10···/˘/˘/˘·
That soothed the silver clouds through the deep air.10···/˘·····
At length the battle slept, but the Sirocco11···/˘···˘/˘
Awoke, and drove his flock of thunder-clouds10˘/·····/˘·
Over the sea-horizon, blotting out10····˘/˘/˘·
All objects--save that in the faint moon-glimpse10·/˘·······
He saw, or dreamed he saw, the Turkish admiral11·······/˘/˘
And two the loftiest of our ships of war,10······/···
With the bright image of that Queen of Heaven,11···/˘····/˘
Who hid, perhaps, her face for grief, reversed;10··˘/····˘/
And the abhorred cross--5··˘/·
NOTE:1·
on Chelonites']on Chelonites "Errata";11········˘/˘
upon Clelonite's edition 1822;8·····˘/˘
upon Clelonit's editions 1839.8·····˘/˘
ATTENDANT:3˘/˘
Your Sublime Highness,5·˘//˘
The Jew, who--3···
MAHMUD:2/˘
Could not come more seasonably:8········
Bid him attend. I'll hear no more! too long10··˘/······
We gaze on danger through the mist of fear,10···/˘·····
And multiply upon our shattered hopes10·/˘···//˘·
The images of ruin. Come what will!10·/˘˘·/˘···
To-morrow and to-morrow are as lamps10·/˘··/˘···
Set in our path to light us to the edge10··/·······
Through rough and smooth, nor can we suffer aught10·······/˘·
Which He inflicts not in whose hand we are.10··˘/······
Would I were the winged cloud6······
Of a tempest swift and loud!7··/˘···
I would scorn3···
The smile of morn4····
And the wave where the moonrise is born!9·····/˘··
I would leave3···
The spirits of eve5·/˘··
A shroud for the corpse of the day to weave10··········
From other threads than mine!6·/˘···
Bask in the deep blue noon divine.8······˘/
Who would? Not I.4····
Whither to fly?4/˘··
Where the rocks that gird th' Aegean8·····˘/˘
Echo to the battle paean8/˘··/˘/˘
Of the free--3···
I would flee3···
A tempestuous herald of victory!11··/˘˘/˘·/˘˘
My golden rain4·/˘·
For the Grecian slain5··/˘·
Should mingle in tears with the bloody main,10·/˘····/˘·
And my solemn thunder-knell7··/˘/˘·
Should ring to the world the passing-bell9······/˘·
Of Tyranny!4·/˘˘
Ah king! wilt thou chain5·····
The rack and the rain?5·····
Wilt thou fetter the lightning and hurricane?11··/˘·/˘·/˘·
The storms are free,4····
But we--2··
CHORUS:2/˘
O Slavery! thou frost of the world's prime,10·/˘˘······
Killing its flowers and leaving its thorns bare!10/˘·/·/˘···
Thy touch has stamped these limbs with crime,9····˘····
These brows thy branding garland bear,8···/˘/˘·
But the free heart, the impassive soul9·····˘/˘·
Scorn thy control!4··˘/
Let there be light! said Liberty,8·····/˘˘
And like sunrise from the sea,7··/····
Athens arose!--Around her born,8/˘˘/····
Shone like mountains in the morn7··/˘···
Glorious states;--and are they now8/˘˘·····
Ashes, wrecks, oblivion?7/˘·˘/˘˘
Go,1·
Where Thermae and Asopus swallowed10·/·····/˘˘
Persia, as the sand does foam:7/˘·····
Deluge upon deluge followed,9/˘··/˘/˘˘
Discord, Macedon, and Rome:7/˘·····
And lastly thou!4·/˘·
Temples and towers,5/˘·/˘
Citadels and marts, and they7/˘·····
Who live and die there, have been ours,9·······/˘
And may be thine, and must decay;8······˘/
But Greece and her foundations are8····˘/˘·
Built below the tide of war,7·······
Based on the crystalline sea7···/˘··
Of thought and its eternity;8····˘/˘˘
Her citizens, imperial spirits,10·/˘˘˘/˘˘/˘
Rule the present from the past,7··/˘···
On all this world of men inherits9······˘/˘
Their seal is set.4····
Hear ye the blast,4····
Whose Orphic thunder thrilling calls8·/˘/˘/˘·
From ruin her Titanian walls?8·/˘·····
Whose spirit shakes the sapless bones8·/˘··/˘·
Of Slavery? Argos, Corinth, Crete9·/˘˘/˘/˘·
Hear, and from their mountain thrones7····/˘·
The daemons and the nymphs repeat8·/˘···˘/
The harmony.4·/˘˘
I hear! I hear!4····
The world's eyeless charioteer,7··/˘···
Destiny, is hurrying by!8/˘˘·/˘˘·
What faith is crushed, what empire bleeds10····˘·/˘˘·
Beneath her earthquake-footed steeds?8···/·/˘·
What eagle-winged victory sits9·/˘·˘/˘˘·
At her right hand? what shadow flits8·····/··
Before? what splendour rolls behind?8···/˘···
Ruin and renovation cry8/˘··˘/˘·
'Who but We?'3···
I hear! I hear!4····
The hiss as of a rushing wind,8·····/˘·
The roar as of an ocean foaming,9·····/˘/˘
The thunder as of earthquake coming.9·/˘··/·/˘
I hear! I hear!4····
The crash as of an empire falling,10·····/˘˘/˘
The shrieks as of a people calling9·····/˘/˘
'Mercy! mercy!'--How they thrill!7/˘/˘···
Then a shout of 'kill! kill! kill!'7·······
And then a small still voice, thus--7·······
For1·
Revenge and Wrong bring forth their kind,8˘/······
The foul cubs like their parents are,8·····/˘·
Their den is in the guilty mind,8·····/˘·
And Conscience feeds them with despair.8·/˘···˘/
NOTE:1·
Fear cj. Fleay, Forman, Dowden. See Editor's Note.11···/·/˘·/˘·
In sacred Athens, near the fane9·/˘˘/˘···
Of Wisdom, Pity's altar stood:8·/˘/˘/˘·
Serve not the unknown God in vain.8···˘/···
But pay that broken shrine again,8···/˘·˘/
Love for hate and tears for blood.7·······
MAHMUD:2/˘
Thou art a man, thou sayest, even as we.10······/˘··
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
No more!2··
MAHMUD:2/˘
But raised above thy fellow-men9··˘···/˘·
By thought, as I by power.7·····/˘
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
Thou sayest so.3···
MAHMUD:2/˘
Thou art an adept in the difficult lore10···˘/··/˘·
Of Greek and Frank philosophy; thou numberest11····˘/˘·/˘˘
The flowers, and thou measurest the stars;10·/˘··/˘˘··
Thou severest element from element;11·˘/˘/˘˘·/˘˘
Thy spirit is present in the Past, and sees10·/·/˘·····
The birth of this old world through all its cycles11·········/˘
Of desolation and of loveliness,10··˘/˘··/˘˘
And when man was not, and how man became10········˘/
The monarch and the slave of this low sphere,10·/········
And all its narrow circles--it is much--10···/˘/˘···
I honour thee, and would be what thou art10·/˘·······
Were I not what I am; but the unborn hour,11········///
Cradled in fear and hope, conflicting storms,10/˘····˘/˘·
Who shall unveil? Nor thou, nor I, nor any11··˘/·····/˘
Mighty or wise. I apprehended not10/˘····˘/˘·
What thou hast taught me, but I now perceive10········˘/
That thou art no interpreter of dreams;10····˘/˘˘··
Thou dost not own that art, device, or God,10······˘/··
Can make the Future present--let it come!10···/˘/˘···
Moreover thou disdainest us and ours;11˘/˘·˘/˘··/˘
Thou art as God, whom thou contemplatest.10······/˘·˘
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
Disdain thee?--not the worm beneath thy feet!10˘/········
The Fathomless has care for meaner things10·/˘˘···/˘·
Than thou canst dream, and has made pride for those10··········
Who would be what they may not, or would seem10··········
That which they are not. Sultan! talk no more10·····/˘···
Of thee and me, the Future and the Past;10·····/˘···
But look on that which cannot change--the One,10·····/˘···
The unborn and the undying. Earth and ocean,11·//··˘/˘··/
Space, and the isles of life or light that gem10··········
The sapphire floods of interstellar air,10·/˘···˘/˘·
This firmament pavilioned upon chaos,11·/˘˘˘/˘··/˘
With all its cressets of immortal fire,11······˘/˘/˘
Whose outwall, bastioned impregnably10·/˘/˘˘····
Against the escape of boldest thoughts, repels them12···˘/·/˘·˘/·
As Calpe the Atlantic clouds--this Whole9···˘/˘···
Of suns, and worlds, and men, and beasts, and flowers,11·········/˘
With all the silent or tempestuous workings11···/˘··/˘/˘
By which they have been, are, or cease to be,10··········
Is but a vision;--all that it inherits11···/˘···˘/˘
Are motes of a sick eye, bubbles and dreams;10······/˘··
Thought is its cradle and its grave, nor less10···/˘·····
The Future and the Past are idle shadows11·/˘····/˘/·
Of thought's eternal flight--they have no being:11··˘/˘····/˘
Nought is but that which feels itself to be.10······˘/··
MAHMUD:2/˘
What meanest thou? Thy words stream like a tempest11·/˘······/˘
Of dazzling mist within my brain--they shake10·/˘·······
The earth on which I stand, and hang like night10··········
On Heaven above me. What can they avail?10·/······˘/
They cast on all things surest, brightest, best,10·····/˘/˘·
Doubt, insecurity, astonishment.10··˘/˘˘˘/˘˘
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
Mistake me not! All is contained in each.10˘/····˘/··
Dodona's forest to an acorn's cup10···/˘··/˘·
Is that which has been, or will be, to that10··········
Which is--the absent to the present. Thought10···/˘··/˘·
Alone, and its quick elements, Will, Passion,11˘/···/˘˘·/˘
Reason, Imagination, cannot die;10/˘˘·˘/˘/˘·
They are, what that which they regard appears,10······˘/˘/
The stuff whence mutability can weave10··········
All that it hath dominion o'er, worlds, worms,10····˘/˘···
Empires, and superstitions. What has thought10/˘··˘/˘···
To do with time, or place, or circumstance?10·······/˘·
Wouldst thou behold the Future?--ask and have!10··˘/·/˘···
Knock and it shall be opened--look, and lo!10·····/˘···
The coming age is shadowed on the Past10·/˘··/˘···
As on a glass.4····
MAHMUD:2/˘
Wild, wilder thoughts convulse6·/˘·˘/
My spirit--Did not Mahomet the Second11·/˘······/˘
Win Stamboul?3···
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
Thou wouldst ask that giant spirit8····/˘/˘
The written fortunes of thy house and faith.10·/˘/˘·····
Thou wouldst cite one out of the grave to tell10··········
How what was born in blood must die.8········
MAHMUD:2/˘
Thy words2··
Have power on me! I see--7·/˘····
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
What hearest thou?4·/˘·
MAHMUD:2/˘
A far whisper--4··/˘
Terrible silence.5/˘˘/˘
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
What succeeds?3·˘/
MAHMUD:2/˘
The sound2··
As of the assault of an imperial city,12···˘/··˘/˘/˘
The hiss of inextinguishable fire,11·········/˘
The roar of giant cannon; the earthquaking11···/˘/˘·/·˘
Fall of vast bastions and precipitous towers,10···/˘·˘/˘/
The shock of crags shot from strange enginery,10·······/˘˘
The clash of wheels, and clang of armed hoofs,10········˘·
And crash of brazen mail as of the wreck10···/˘·····
Of adamantine mountains--the mad blast10·····/˘···
Of trumpets, and the neigh of raging steeds,10·/˘····/˘·
The shrieks of women whose thrill jars the blood,10···/˘·····
And one sweet laugh, most horrible to hear,10·····/˘˘··
As of a joyous infant waked and playing11···/˘/˘··/˘
With its dead mother's breast, and now more loud10···/˘·····
The mingled battle-cry,--ha! hear I not10·/˘/˘·····
'En touto nike!' 'Allah-illa-Allah!'?11···/˘/˘··/˘
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
The sulphurous mist is raised--thou seest--10·/˘˘···˘··
MAHMUD:2/˘
A chasm,3·/˘
As of two mountains in the wall of Stamboul;11···/˘······
And in that ghastly breach the Islamites,10···/˘·····
Like giants on the ruins of a world,10·/˘··/˘···
Stand in the light of sunrise. In the dust10·····/····
Glimmers a kingless diadem, and one10/˘·/˘/˘···
Of regal port has cast himself beneath10·/˘···˘/··
The stream of war. Another proudly clad10····˘/˘/˘·
In golden arms spurs a Tartarian barb11·/˘···˘/˘˘·
Into the gap, and with his iron mace10·······/˘·
Directs the torrent of that tide of men,10˘/·/˘·····
And seems--he is--Mahomet!7·······
AHASUERUS:5˘·˘/˘
What thou seest3···
Is but the ghost of thy forgotten dream.10······˘/˘·
A dream itself, yet less, perhaps, than that10··˘/··˘/··
Thou call'st reality. Thou mayst behold10··˘/˘˘··˘/
How cities, on which Empire sleeps enthroned,10·/˘··/˘···
Bow their towered crests to mutability.10··/·······
Poised by the flood, e'en on the height thou holdest,11·········/˘
Thou mayst now learn how the full tide of power11·········/˘
Ebbs to its depths.--Inheritor of glory,11····˘/˘˘·/˘
Conceived in darkness, born in blood, and nourished11˘/·/˘····/˘
With tears and toil, thou seest the mortal throes10·······/˘·
Of that whose birth was but the same. The Past10··········
Now stands before thee like an Incarnation11·······˘//˘
Of the To-come; yet wouldst thou commune with10·······/˘·
That portion of thyself which was ere thou10·/˘·˘/····
Didst start for this brief race whose crown is death,10··········
Dissolve with that strong faith and fervent passion11˘/·····/˘/˘
Which called it from the uncreated deep,10··˘·······
Yon cloud of war, with its tempestuous phantoms11·······/˘/˘
Of raging death; and draw with mighty will10·/˘····/˘·
The imperial shade hither.8·˘/˘˘·/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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