The Cloud

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) · 1816–1819

iambic tetrameter · 84 lines · from The Complete Poetical Works, Volume II

I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,From the seas and the streams;I bear light shade for the leaves when laidIn their noonday dreams.From my wings are shaken the dews that wakenThe sweet buds every one,When rocked to rest on their mother's breast,As she dances about the sun.I wield the flail of the lashing hail,And whiten the green plains under,And then again I dissolve it in rain,And laugh as I pass in thunder.

I sift the snow on the mountains below,And their great pines groan aghast;And all the night 'tis my pillow white,While I sleep in the arms of the blast.Sublime on the towers of my skiey bowers,Lightning my pilot sits;In a cavern under is fettered the thunder,It struggles and howls at fits;Over earth and ocean, with gentle motion,This pilot is guiding me,Lured by the love of the genii that moveIn the depths of the purple sea;Over the rills, and the crags, and the hills.Over the lakes and the plains,Wherever he dream, under mountain or stream,The Spirit he loves remains;And I all the while bask in Heaven's blue smile,Whilst he is dissolving in rains.

The sanguine Sunrise, with his meteor eyes,And his burning plumes outspread,Leaps on the back of my sailing rack,When the morning star shines dead;As on the jag of a mountain crag,Which an earthquake rocks and swings,An eagle alit one moment may sitIn the light of its golden wings.And when Sunset may breathe, from the lit sea beneath,Its ardours of rest and of love,And the crimson pall of eve may fallFrom the depth of Heaven above.With wings folded I rest, on mine aery nest,As still as a brooding dove.

That orbed maiden with white fire laden,Whom mortals call the Moon,Glides glimmering o'er my fleece-like floor,By the midnight breezes strewn;And wherever the beat of her unseen feet,Which only the angels hear,May have broken the woof of my tent's thin roof.The stars peep behind her and peer;And I laugh to see them whirl and flee,Like a swarm of golden bees.When I widen the rent in my wind-built tent,Till the calm rivers, lakes, and seas,Like strips of the sky fallen through me on high,Are each paved with the moon and these.

I bind the Sun's throne with a burning zone,And the Moon's with a girdle of pearl;The volcanoes are dim, and the stars reel and swim,When the whirlwinds my banner unfurl.From cape to cape, with a bridge-like shape,Over a torrent sea,Sunbeam-proof, I hand like a roof,--The mountains its columns be.The triumphal arch through which I marchWith hurricane, fire, and snow,When the Powers of the air are chained to my chair,Is the million-coloured bow;The sphere-fire above its soft colours wove,While the moist Earth was laughing below.

I am the daughter of Earth and Water,And the nursling of the Sky;I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores;I change, but I cannot die.For after the rain when with never a stainThe pavilion of Heaven is bare,And the winds and sunbeams with their convex gleamsBuild up the blue dome of air,I silently laugh at my own cenotaph,And out of the caverns of rain,Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb,I arise and unbuild it again.

Words in this poem 22
noonday n.
Midday; twelve o'clock in the day; noon.
waken v. i.
To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened. [OE. waknen, AS. wæcnan; akin to Goth. gawaknan. See Wake, v. i.]
wield v. t.
To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan, gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten, OHG. waltan, Icel. val]
lashing n.
The act of one who, or that which, lashes; castigation; chastisement. South. Lashing out, a striking out; also, extravagance.
fettered a.
Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.
wherever adv.
At or in whatever place; wheresoever.
bask v. i.
To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat. [OScand. ba to bathe one's self, or perh. bakask to bake one's self, sk being reflexive. See Bath, n., Bake, v. t.]
outspread v. t.
To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.
crag n.
The neck or throat [A form of craw: cf. D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen. See Craw.]
orbed a.
Having the form of an orb; round.
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
unfurl v. t.
To loose from a furled state; to unfold; to expand; to open or spread; as, to unfurl sails; to unfurl a flag. [1st pref. un- + furl.]
sunbeam n.
A beam or ray of the sun. [AS. sunnebeam.]
triumphal n.
A token of victory.
coloured a.
Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
wove
p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave.
nursling n.
One who, or that which, is nursed; an infant; a fondling. [Nurse + -ling.]
pavilion n.
A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]
cenotaph n.
An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere. [Gr. cénotaphe.]
womb n.
The belly; the abdomen. [OE. wombe, wambe, AS. wamb, womb; akin to D. wam belly, OS. & OHG. wamba, G. wamme, wampe, Icel. vömb, Sw. v&mb, Dan. vom, Goth. wamba.]
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
unbuild v. t.
To demolish; to raze. [1st pref. un- + build.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Cloud is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 2, Project Gutenberg ebook #4798; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Cloud, in The Complete Poetical Works, Volume II (1816–1819), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4798, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-later-poems/the-cloud.html, id L16391.

Form and metre

The Cloud is 84 lines in 6 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 75%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.9 syllables. 9 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 10% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-ABB-B-C-C flowers · streamsA · laid · dreamsA · wakenB · oneB · breast · sunB · hail · underC · rain · thunderC
  2. 2 -A-A-B-B-C-C-D-D-D below · aghastA · white · blastA · bowers · sitsB · thunder · fitsB · motion · meC · move · seaC · hills · plainsD · stream · remainsD · smile · rainsD
  3. 3 -A-A-B-B-C-C-C eyes · outspreadA · rack · deadA · crag · swingsB · sit · wingsB · beneath · loveC · fall · aboveC · nest · doveC
  4. 4 AA-A-B-BCD-DCD ladenA · moonA · floor · strewnA · feet · hearB · roof · peerB · fleeC · beesD · tent · seasD · highC · theseD
  5. 5 -A-A-B-B-C-C-C zone · pearlA · swim · unfurlA · shape · seaB · roof · beB · march · snowC · chair · bowC · wove · belowC
  6. 6 -A-ABC-C-B-B water · skyA · shores · dieA · stainB · bareC · gleams · airC · cenotaph · rainB · tomb · againB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,11···/˘··/˘/˘
From the seas and the streams;6······
I bear light shade for the leaves when laid9·········
In their noonday dreams.5··/˘·
From my wings are shaken the dews that waken11····/˘···/˘
The sweet buds every one,7···/˘˘·
When rocked to rest on their mother's breast,10··˘····/˘·
As she dances about the sun.8··/˘····
I wield the flail of the lashing hail,9······/˘·
And whiten the green plains under,8·/˘·····
And then again I dissolve it in rain,10··˘/·˘/···
And laugh as I pass in thunder.8······/˘
I sift the snow on the mountains below,10······/˘··
And their great pines groan aghast;7·····˘/
And all the night 'tis my pillow white,9······/˘·
While I sleep in the arms of the blast.9·········
Sublime on the towers of my skiey bowers,11˘/··/··/˘/˘
Lightning my pilot sits;6/˘·/˘·
In a cavern under is fettered the thunder,12··/˘···/˘·/˘
It struggles and howls at fits;7·/˘····
Over earth and ocean, with gentle motion,11····/˘·/˘/˘
This pilot is guiding me,7·/˘·/˘·
Lured by the love of the genii that move10··········
In the depths of the purple sea;8·····/˘·
Over the rills, and the crags, and the hills.10··········
Over the lakes and the plains,7·······
Wherever he dream, under mountain or stream,11˘/˘····/˘··
The Spirit he loves remains;7·/˘··˘/
And I all the while bask in Heaven's blue smile,11·······/˘··
Whilst he is dissolving in rains.8···˘/˘··
The sanguine Sunrise, with his meteor eyes,10·/˘/···/˘·
And his burning plumes outspread,7··/˘·˘/
Leaps on the back of my sailing rack,9······/˘·
When the morning star shines dead;7··/˘···
As on the jag of a mountain crag,9······/˘·
Which an earthquake rocks and swings,7··/····
An eagle alit one moment may sit10·/˘···/˘··
In the light of its golden wings.8·····/˘·
And when Sunset may breathe, from the lit sea beneath,12··/·········
Its ardours of rest and of love,8·/˘·····
And the crimson pall of eve may fall9··/˘·····
From the depth of Heaven above.8····/˘··
With wings folded I rest, on mine aery nest,11··/˘····/˘·
As still as a brooding dove.7····/˘·
That orbed maiden with white fire laden,10··/˘··/˘/˘
Whom mortals call the Moon,6·/˘···
Glides glimmering o'er my fleece-like floor,9·/˘˘·····
By the midnight breezes strewn;7··/·/˘·
And wherever the beat of her unseen feet,11·˘/˘····˘/·
Which only the angels hear,7·/˘·/˘·
May have broken the woof of my tent's thin roof.11··/˘·······
The stars peep behind her and peer;8········
And I laugh to see them whirl and flee,9·········
Like a swarm of golden bees.7····/˘·
When I widen the rent in my wind-built tent,11··/˘·······
Till the calm rivers, lakes, and seas,8···/˘···
Like strips of the sky fallen through me on high,11·····/˘····
Are each paved with the moon and these.9···˘·····
I bind the Sun's throne with a burning zone,10·······/˘·
And the Moon's with a girdle of pearl;9·····/˘··
The volcanoes are dim, and the stars reel and swim,12·˘/˘········
When the whirlwinds my banner unfurl.9··/··/˘˘/
From cape to cape, with a bridge-like shape,9·········
Over a torrent sea,6···/˘·
Sunbeam-proof, I hand like a roof,--8/·······
The mountains its columns be.7·/˘·/˘·
The triumphal arch through which I march9·˘/˘·····
With hurricane, fire, and snow,8·/˘·/˘··
When the Powers of the air are chained to my chair,11··/········
Is the million-coloured bow;7··/˘/˘·
The sphere-fire above its soft colours wove,10··/····/˘·
While the moist Earth was laughing below.9·····/˘··
I am the daughter of Earth and Water,10···/˘···/˘
And the nursling of the Sky;7··/˘···
I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores;10·······/··
I change, but I cannot die.7····/˘·
For after the rain when with never a stain10·······/··
The pavilion of Heaven is bare,9·˘/˘·/˘··
And the winds and sunbeams with their convex gleams11····/···/··
Build up the blue dome of air,7·······
I silently laugh at my own cenotaph,11·/˘˘····/˘˘
And out of the caverns of rain,8····/˘··
Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb,12············
I arise and unbuild it again.9·˘/····˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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