Lines Written Among the Euganean Hills

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) · 1816–1819

trochaic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 373 lines · from Ode to the West Wind, and Other Poems

Many a green isle needs must beIn the deep wide sea of Misery,Or the mariner, worn and wan,Never thus could voyage on--Day and night, and night and day,Drifting on his dreary way,With the solid darkness blackClosing round his vessel's track:Whilst above the sunless sky,Big with clouds, hangs heavily,And behind the tempest fleetHurries on with lightning feet,Riving sail, and cord, and plank,Till the ship has almost drankDeath from the o'er-brimming deep;And sinks down, down, like that sleepWhen the dreamer seems to beWeltering through eternity;And the dim low line beforeOf a dark and distant shoreStill recedes, as ever stillLonging with divided will,But no power to seek or shun,He is ever drifted onO'er the unreposing waveTo the haven of the grave.What, if there no friends will greet;What, if there no heart will meetHis with love's impatient beat;Wander wheresoe'er he may,Can he dream before that dayTo find refuge from distressIn friendship's smile, in love's caress?Then 'twill wreak him little woeWhether such there be or no:Senseless is the breast, and cold,Which relenting love would fold;Bloodless are the veins and chillWhich the pulse of pain did fill;Every little living nerveThat from bitter words did swerveRound the tortured lips and brow,Are like sapless leaflets nowFrozen upon December's bough.

On the beach of a northern seaWhich tempests shake eternally,As once the wretch there lay to sleep,Lies a solitary heap,One white skull and seven dry bones,On the margin of the stones,Where a few gray rushes stand,Boundaries of the sea and land:Nor is heard one voice of wailBut the sea-mews, as they sailO'er the billows of the gale;Or the whirlwind up and downHowling, like a slaughtered town,When a king in glory ridesThrough the pomp of fratricides:Those unburied bones aroundThere is many a mournful sound;There is no lament for him,Like a sunless vapour, dim,Who once clothed with life and thoughtWhat now moves nor murmurs not.

Ay, many flowering islands lieIn the waters of wide Agony:To such a one this morn was led,My bark by soft winds piloted:'Mid the mountains EuganeanI stood listening to the paeanWith which the legioned rooks did hailThe sun's uprise majestical;Gathering round with wings all hoar,Through the dewy mist they soarLike gray shades, till the eastern heavenBursts, and then, as clouds of even,Flecked with fire and azure, lieIn the unfathomable sky,So their plumes of purple grain,Starred with drops of golden rain,Gleam above the sunlight woods,As in silent multitudesOn the morning's fitful galeThrough the broken mist they sail,And the vapours cloven and gleamingFollow, down the dark steep streaming,Till all is bright, and clear, and still,Round the solitary hill.

Beneath is spread like a green seaThe waveless plain of Lombardy,Bounded by the vaporous air,Islanded by cities fair;Underneath Day's azure eyesOcean's nursling, Venice lies,A peopled labyrinth of walls,Amphitrite's destined halls,Which her hoary sire now pavesWith his blue and beaming waves.Lo! the sun upsprings behind,Broad, red, radiant, half-reclinedOn the level quivering lineOf the waters crystalline;And before that chasm of light,As within a furnace bright,Column, tower, and dome, and spire,Shine like obelisks of fire,Pointing with inconstant motionFrom the altar of dark oceanTo the sapphire-tinted skies;As the flames of sacrificeFrom the marble shrines did rise,As to pierce the dome of goldWhere Apollo spoke of old.

Sun-girt City, thou hast beenOcean's child, and then his queen;Now is come a darker day,And thou soon must be his prey,If the power that raised thee hereHallow so thy watery bier.A less drear ruin then than now,With thy conquest-branded browStooping to the slave of slavesFrom thy throne, among the wavesWilt thou be, when the sea-mewFlies, as once before it flew,O'er thine isles depopulate,And all is in its ancient state,Save where many a palace gateWith green sea-flowers overgrownLike a rock of Ocean's own,Topples o'er the abandoned seaAs the tides change sullenly.The fisher on his watery way,Wandering at the close of day,Will spread his sail and seize his oarTill he pass the gloomy shore,Lest thy dead should, from their sleepBursting o'er the starlight deep,Lead a rapid masque of deathO'er the waters of his path.

Those who alone thy towers beholdQuivering through aereal gold,As I now behold them here,Would imagine not they wereSepulchres, where human forms,Like pollution-nourished worms,To the corpse of greatness cling,Murdered, and now mouldering:But if Freedom should awakeIn her omnipotence, and shakeFrom the Celtic Anarch's holdAll the keys of dungeons cold,Where a hundred cities lieChained like thee, ingloriously,Thou and all thy sister bandMight adorn this sunny land,Twining memories of old timeWith new virtues more sublime;If not, perish thou and they!--Clouds which stain truth's rising dayBy her sun consumed away--Earth can spare ye: while like flowers,In the waste of years and hours,From your dust new nations springWith more kindly blossoming.

Perish--let there only beFloating o'er thy hearthless seaAs the garment of thy skyClothes the world immortally,One remembrance, more sublimeThan the tattered pall of time,Which scarce hides thy visage wan;--That a tempest-cleaving SwanOf the songs of Albion,Driven from his ancestral streamsBy the might of evil dreams,Found a nest in thee; and OceanWelcomed him with such emotionThat its joy grew his, and sprungFrom his lips like music flungO'er a mighty thunder-fit,Chastening terror:--what though yetPoesy's unfailing River,Which through Albion winds foreverLashing with melodious waveMany a sacred Poet's grave,Mourn its latest nursling fled?What though thou with all thy deadScarce can for this fame repayAught thine own? oh, rather sayThough thy sins and slaveries foulOvercloud a sunlike soul?As the ghost of Homer clingsRound Scamander's wasting springs;As divinest Shakespeare's mightFills Avon and the world with lightLike omniscient power which heImaged 'mid mortality;As the love from Petrarch's urn,Yet amid yon hills doth burn,A quenchless lamp by which the heartSees things unearthly;--so thou art,Mighty spirit--so shall beThe City that did refuge thee.

Lo, the sun floats up the skyLike thought-winged Liberty,Till the universal lightSeems to level plain and height;From the sea a mist has spread,And the beams of morn lie deadOn the towers of Venice now,Like its glory long ago.By the skirts of that gray cloudMany-domed Padua proudStands, a peopled solitude,'Mid the harvest-shining plain,Where the peasant heaps his grainIn the garner of his foe,And the milk-white oxen slowWith the purple vintage strain,Heaped upon the creaking wain,That the brutal Celt may swillDrunken sleep with savage will;And the sickle to the swordLies unchanged, though many a lord,Like a weed whose shade is poison,Overgrows this region's foison,Sheaves of whom are ripe to comeTo destruction's harvest-home:Men must reap the things they sow,Force from force must ever flow,Or worse; but 'tis a bitter woeThat love or reason cannot changeThe despot's rage, the slave's revenge.

Padua, thou within whose wallsThose mute guests at festivals,Son and Mother, Death and Sin,Played at dice for Ezzelin,Till Death cried, "I win, I win!"And Sin cursed to lose the wager,But Death promised, to assuage her,That he would petition forHer to be made Vice-Emperor,When the destined years were o'er,Over all between the PoAnd the eastern Alpine snow,Under the mighty Austrian.Sin smiled so as Sin only can,And since that time, ay, long before,Both have ruled from shore to shore,--That incestuous pair, who followTyrants as the sun the swallow,As Repentance follows Crime,And as changes follow Time.

In thine halls the lamp of learning,Padua, now no more is burning;Like a meteor, whose wild wayIs lost over the grave of day,It gleams betrayed and to betray:Once remotest nations cameTo adore that sacred flame,When it lit not many a hearthOn this cold and gloomy earth:Now new fires from antique lightSpring beneath the wide world's might;But their spark lies dead in thee,Trampled out by Tyranny.As the Norway woodman quells,In the depth of piny dells,One light flame among the brakes,While the boundless forest shakes,And its mighty trunks are tornBy the fire thus lowly born:The spark beneath his feet is dead,He starts to see the flames it fedHowling through the darkened skyWith a myriad tongues victoriously,And sinks down in fear: so thou,O Tyranny, beholdest nowLight around thee, and thou hearestThe loud flames ascend, and fearest:Grovel on the earth; ay, hideIn the dust thy purple pride!

Noon descends around me now:'Tis the noon of autumn's glow,When a soft and purple mistLike a vaporous amethyst,Or an air-dissolved starMingling light and fragrance, farFrom the curved horizon's boundTo the point of Heaven's profound,Fills the overflowing sky;And the plains that silent lieUnderneath, the leaves unsoddenWhere the infant Frost has troddenWith his morning-winged feet,Whose bright print is gleaming yet;And the red and golden vines,Piercing with their trellised linesThe rough, dark-skirted wilderness;The dun and bladed grass no less,Pointing from this hoary towerIn the windless air; the flowerGlimmering at my feet; the lineOf the olive-sandalled ApennineIn the south dimly islanded;And the Alps, whose snows are spreadHigh between the clouds and sun;And of living things each one;And my spirit which so longDarkened this swift stream of song,--Interpenetrated lieBy the glory of the sky:Be it love, light, harmony,Odour, or the soul of allWhich from Heaven like dew doth fall,Or the mind which feeds this versePeopling the lone universe.

Noon descends, and after noonAutumn's evening meets me soon,Leading the infantine moon,And that one star, which to herAlmost seems to ministerHalf the crimson light she bringsFrom the sunset's radiant springs:And the soft dreams of the morn(Which like winged winds had borneTo that silent isle, which liesMid remembered agonies,The frail bark of this lone being)Pass, to other sufferers fleeing,And its ancient pilot, Pain,Sits beside the helm again.

Other flowering isles must beIn the sea of Life and Agony:Other spirits float and fleeO'er that gulf: even now, perhaps,On some rock the wild wave wraps,With folded wings they waiting sitFor my bark, to pilot itTo some calm and blooming cove,Where for me, and those I love,May a windless bower be built,Far from passion, pain, and guilt,In a dell mid lawny hills,Which the wild sea-murmur fills,And soft sunshine, and the soundOf old forests echoing round,And the light and smell divineOf all flowers that breathe and shine:We may live so happy there,That the Spirits of the Air,Envying us, may even enticeTo our healing ParadiseThe polluting multitude;But their rage would be subduedBy that clime divine and calm,And the winds whose wings rain balmOn the uplifted soul, and leavesUnder which the bright sea heaves;While each breathless intervalIn their whisperings musicalThe inspired soul suppliesWith its own deep melodies;And the love which heals all strifeCircling, like the breath of life,All things in that sweet abodeWith its own mild brotherhood,They, not it, would change; and soonEvery sprite beneath the moonWould repent its envy vain,And the earth grow young again.

Words in this poem 85
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
dreary a.
Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
sunless a.
Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
hurries n.
A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.
drank n.
Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Cf. 3d Drake.]
brimming a.
Full to the brim; overflowing.
dreamer n.
One who dreams.
caress n.
An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.]
wreak v. i.
To reck; to care.
sapless a.
Destitute of sap; not juicy.
eternally adv.
In an eternal manner.
vapour n.
Any substance in the gaseous, or aëriform, state, the condition of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid. [OE. vapour, OF. vapour, vapor, vapeur, F. vapeur, L. vapor; probably for cvapor, and akin to Gr. kvepti to breathe, smell, Russ. kopote fine soot. Cf. Vapid.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
legioned a.
Formed into a legion or legions; legionary. Shelley.
uprise v. i.
To rise; to get up; to appear from below the horizon.
majestical a.
Majestic. Cowley.
hoar v. t.
To become moldy or musty. [AS. harian to grow gray.]
starred a.
Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled. [From Star.]
fitful a.
Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable. [From 7th Fit.]
streaming a.
Sending forth streams.
waveless a.
Free from waves; undisturbed; not agitated; as, the waveless sea.
nursling n.
One who, or that which, is nursed; an infant; a fondling. [Nurse + -ling.]
peopled a.
Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited.
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
girt v. t.
To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
hallow v. t.
To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. halgian, fr. halig holy. See Holy.]
bier n.
A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. [OE. bæe, beere, AS. b, b; akin to D. baar, OHG. bara, G. bahre, Icel barar, Dbaare, L. feretrum, Gr. , from the same bear to produce. See 1st Bear, and cf. Barr]
drear n.
Sadness; dismalness.
depopulate v. t.
To deprive of inhabitants, whether by death or by expulsion; to reduce greatly the populousness of; to dispeople; to unpeople. [L. depopulatus, p. p. of depopulari to ravage; de- + populari to ravage, fr. populus people: cf. OF. depopuler, F. dépeupler. See People.]
starlight n.
The light given by the stars.
masque n.
A mask; a masquerade.
corpse n.
A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
omnipotence n.
The state of being omnipotent; almighty power; hence, one who is omnipotent; the Deity. [L. omnipotentia: cf.F. omnipotence.]
ingloriously adv.
In an inglorious manner; dishonorably; with shame; ignominiously; obscurely.
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
immortally adv.
In an immortal manner.
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
visage n.
The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. [F. visage, from L. visus a seeing, a look, fr. videre, visum, to see. See Vision.]
albion n.
An ancient name of England, still retained in poetry. [Prob. from the same root as Gael. alp a height or hill. "It may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs visible from the coast of Gaul. Alb]
lashing n.
The act of one who, or that which, lashes; castigation; chastisement. South. Lashing out, a striking out; also, extravagance.
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
overcloud v. t.
To cover or overspread with clouds; to becloud; to overcast.
sunlike a.
Like or resembling the sun.
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
omniscient a.
Having universal knowledge; knowing all things; infinitely knowing or wise; as, the omniscient God. [Omni- + L. sciens, -entis, p. pr. of scire to know: cf. F. omniscient. See Science.]
mortality n.
The condition or quality of being mortal; subjection to death or to the necessity of dying. [L. mortalitas: cf. F. mortalité.]
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
quenchless a.
Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; as, quenchless fire or fury.
unearthly a.
Not terrestrial; supernatural; preternatural; hence, weird; appalling; terrific; as, an unearthly sight or sound.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
garner n.
A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation. [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf. Granary.]
wain n.
A four-wheeled vehicle for the transportation of goods, produce, etc.; a wagon. [OE. wain, AS. wægn; akin to D. & G. wagen, OHG. wagan, Icel. & Sw. vagn, Dan. vogn, and E. way. Way, Weigh, and cf. Wagon.]
swill v. t.
To wash; to drench. [OE. swilen to wash, AS. swilian.]
foison n.
Rich harvest; plenty; abundance. Lowell. [F. foison, fr. L. fusio a pouring, effusion. See Fusion.]
reap n.
A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. Wright. [Cf. AS. rip harvest. See Reap, v.]
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
woodman n.
A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a forester. [Eng.]
piny a.
Abounding with pines.
myriad n.
The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things. [Gr. myriade.]
grovel v. i.
To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl. [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge, adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Ic]
amethyst
A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone. [F. ametiste, amatiste, F. améthyste, L. amethystus, fr. Gr. Mead.]
trellised a.
Having a trellis or trellises.
windless a.
Having no wind; calm.
apennine a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy. [L. Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or ben, peak, mountain.]
dimly adv.
In a dim or obscure manner; not brightly or clearly; with imperfect sight.
odour n.
Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume. [OE. odor, odour, OF. odor, odour, F. odeur, fr. L. odor; akin to olere to smell, Gr. Olfactory, Osmium, Ozone, Redolent.]
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
infantine a.
Infantile; childish. [Cf. F. enfantin.]
cove v. t.
To brood, cover, over, or sit over, as birds their eggs. [CF. F. couver, It. covare. See Covey.]
dell n.
A small, retired valley; a ravine. [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low ground. See Dale.]
lawny a.
Having a lawn; characterized by a lawn or by lawns; like a lawn.
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
polluting a.
Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or pollution.
clime n.
A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
heaves n.
A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind.
breathless a.
Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
sprite n.
A spirit; a soul; a shade; also, an apparition. See Spright. [OE. sprit, F. esprit, fr. L. spiritus. See Spirit, and cf. Sprightly.]
repent a.
Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. Gray. [L. repens, -entis, creeping, p. pr. of repere to creep.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Lines Written Among the Euganean Hills is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 2, Project Gutenberg ebook #4798; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lines Written Among the Euganean Hills, in Ode to the West Wind, and Other Poems (1816–1819), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4798, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-later-poems/lines-written-among-the-euganean-hills.html, id L16337.

Form and metre

Lines Written Among the Euganean Hills is 373 lines in 13 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 62% of the lines. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%).

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in trochaic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 --AABBCC--DDEEFF--GGHH--IIJJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQQ be · misery · wanA · onA · dayB · wayB · blackC · trackC · sky · heavily · fleetD · feetD · plankE · drankE · deepF · sleepF · be · eternity · beforeG · shoreG · stillH · willH · shun · on · waveI · graveI · greetJ · meetJ · beatJ · mayK · dayK · distressL · caressL · woeM · noM · coldN · foldN · chillO · fillO · nerveP · swerveP · browQ · nowQ · boughQ
  2. 2 --AABBCCDDDEEFFEEGG-- sea · eternally · sleepA · heapA · bonesB · stonesB · standC · landC · wailD · sailD · galeD · downE · townE · ridesF · fratricidesF · aroundE · soundE · himG · dimG · thought · not
  3. 3 A-BB--C-DDEEAAEE--CCFFGG lieA · agony · ledB · pilotedB · euganean · paean · hailC · majestical · hoarD · soarD · heavenE · evenE · lieA · skyA · grainE · rainE · woods · multitudes · galeC · sailC · gleamingF · streamingF · stillG · hillG
  4. 4 --AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIB-BJJ sea · lombardy · airA · fairA · eyesB · liesB · wallsC · hallsC · pavesD · wavesD · behindE · reclinedE · lineF · crystallineF · lightG · brightG · spireH · fireH · motionI · oceanI · skiesB · sacrifice · riseB · goldJ · oldJ
  5. 5 --AABBCCDDEEFFFGG--AAHHII-- been · queen · dayA · preyA · hereB · bierB · nowC · browC · slavesD · wavesD · mewE · flewE · depopulateF · stateF · gateF · overgrownG · ownG · sea · sullenly · wayA · dayA · oarH · shoreH · sleepI · deepI · death · path
  6. 6 AA----BBCCAA--DDEEFFFGGBB beholdA · goldA · here · were · forms · worms · clingB · moulderingB · awakeC · shakeC · holdA · coldA · lie · ingloriously · bandD · landD · timeE · sublimeE · theyF · dayF · awayF · flowersG · hoursG · springB · blossomingB
  7. 7 AAA-BBCCCDDCCEE----FFGGHH--IIJJ--KKLLMM beA · seaA · skyA · immortally · sublimeB · timeB · wanC · swanC · albionC · streamsD · dreamsD · oceanC · emotionC · sprungE · flungE · fit · yet · river · forever · waveF · graveF · fledG · deadG · repayH · sayH · foul · soul · clingsI · springsI · mightJ · lightJ · he · mortality · urnK · burnK · heartL · artL · beM · theeM
  8. 8 --AABBCDEE-FFDDFFGGHHIIJJCDD-- sky · liberty · lightA · heightA · spreadB · deadB · nowC · agoD · cloudE · proudE · solitude · plainF · grainF · foeD · slowD · strainF · wainF · swillG · willG · swordH · lordH · poisonI · foisonI · comeJ · homeJ · sowC · flowD · woeD · change · revenge
  9. 9 AAB-B-CC--DDEEFFGGHH wallsA · festivalsA · sinB · ezzelin · winB · wager · herC · forC · emperor · o'er · poD · snowD · austrianE · canE · beforeF · shoreF · followG · swallowG · crimeH · timeH
  10. 10 AABBBCC--DD--EEFFGGHH--IIJJKK learningA · burningA · wayB · dayB · betrayB · cameC · flameC · hearth · earth · lightD · mightD · thee · tyranny · quellsE · dellsE · brakesF · shakesF · tornG · bornG · deadH · fedH · sky · victoriously · thouI · nowI · hearestJ · fearestJ · hideK · prideK
  11. 11 --AABBCCDDEE--FFGGHH--IIJJKKLL-MMNN now · glow · mistA · amethystA · starB · farB · boundC · profoundC · skyD · lieD · unsoddenE · troddenE · feet · yet · vinesF · linesF · wildernessG · lessG · towerH · flowerH · line · apennine · islandedI · spreadI · sunJ · oneJ · longK · songK · lieL · skyL · harmony · allM · fallM · verseN · universeN
  12. 12 AAA--BBCCDDEEFF noonA · soonA · moonA · her · minister · bringsB · springsB · mornC · borneC · liesD · agoniesD · beingE · fleeingE · painF · againF
  13. 13 A-ABBCC--DDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLL--MMNN--OO-- beA · agony · fleeA · perhapsB · wrapsB · sitC · itC · cove · love · builtD · guiltD · hillsE · fillsE · soundF · roundF · divineG · shineG · thereH · airH · enticeI · paradiseI · multitudeJ · subduedJ · calmK · balmK · leavesL · heavesL · interval · musical · suppliesM · melodiesM · strifeN · lifeN · abode · brotherhood · soonO · moonO · vain · again
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Many a green isle needs must be7/······
In the deep wide sea of Misery,8······/˘
Or the mariner, worn and wan,7··/˘···
Never thus could voyage on--7/˘··/˘·
Day and night, and night and day,7·······
Drifting on his dreary way,7/˘··/˘·
With the solid darkness black7··/˘/˘·
Closing round his vessel's track:7/˘··/˘·
Whilst above the sunless sky,7····/˘·
Big with clouds, hangs heavily,7····/˘˘
And behind the tempest fleet7····/˘·
Hurries on with lightning feet,7/˘··/˘·
Riving sail, and cord, and plank,7·······
Till the ship has almost drank7····/··
Death from the o'er-brimming deep;7····/˘·
And sinks down, down, like that sleep7·······
When the dreamer seems to be7··/˘···
Weltering through eternity;8/˘˘·˘/˘˘
And the dim low line before7·······
Of a dark and distant shore7····/˘·
Still recedes, as ever still7·˘/·/˘·
Longing with divided will,7/˘·˘/˘·
But no power to seek or shun,7··/····
He is ever drifted on7··/˘/˘·
O'er the unreposing wave7·······
To the haven of the grave.7··/˘···
What, if there no friends will greet;7·······
What, if there no heart will meet7·······
His with love's impatient beat;7···˘/˘·
Wander wheresoe'er he may,7/˘·····
Can he dream before that day7·······
To find refuge from distress7··/˘·˘/
In friendship's smile, in love's caress?8·/˘···˘/
Then 'twill wreak him little woe7····/˘·
Whether such there be or no:7·······
Senseless is the breast, and cold,7/˘·····
Which relenting love would fold;7·˘/˘···
Bloodless are the veins and chill7/˘·····
Which the pulse of pain did fill;7·······
Every little living nerve7/˘/˘/˘·
That from bitter words did swerve7··/˘···
Round the tortured lips and brow,7··/˘···
Are like sapless leaflets now7··/˘/˘·
Frozen upon December's bough.8/˘··˘/˘·
On the beach of a northern sea8·····/˘·
Which tempests shake eternally,8·/˘·˘/˘˘
As once the wretch there lay to sleep,8········
Lies a solitary heap,7··/˘·˘·
One white skull and seven dry bones,7····/··
On the margin of the stones,7··/˘···
Where a few gray rushes stand,7····/˘·
Boundaries of the sea and land:7/˘·····
Nor is heard one voice of wail7·······
But the sea-mews, as they sail7·······
O'er the billows of the gale;7··/˘···
Or the whirlwind up and down7··/····
Howling, like a slaughtered town,7/˘··/˘·
When a king in glory rides7····/˘·
Through the pomp of fratricides:7····/˘·
Those unburied bones around6······
There is many a mournful sound;7··/·/˘·
There is no lament for him,7···˘/··
Like a sunless vapour, dim,7··/˘/˘·
Who once clothed with life and thought7·······
What now moves nor murmurs not.7····/˘·
Ay, many flowering islands lie7·//˘/˘·
In the waters of wide Agony:8··/˘··/˘
To such a one this morn was led,8········
My bark by soft winds piloted:8·····/˘˘
'Mid the mountains Euganean7··/˘···
I stood listening to the paean8··/˘··/˘
With which the legioned rooks did hail8···/˘···
The sun's uprise majestical;8··/˘˘/˘˘
Gathering round with wings all hoar,7/˘·····
Through the dewy mist they soar7··/˘···
Like gray shades, till the eastern heaven8·····/˘/
Bursts, and then, as clouds of even,8······/˘
Flecked with fire and azure, lie7··/·/˘·
In the unfathomable sky,7··˘/˘˘·
So their plumes of purple grain,7····/˘·
Starred with drops of golden rain,7····/˘·
Gleam above the sunlight woods,7····/··
As in silent multitudes7··/˘/˘·
On the morning's fitful gale7··/˘/˘·
Through the broken mist they sail,7··/˘···
And the vapours cloven and gleaming9··/˘/˘·/˘
Follow, down the dark steep streaming,8/˘····/˘
Till all is bright, and clear, and still,8········
Round the solitary hill.7··/˘·˘·
Beneath is spread like a green sea8········
The waveless plain of Lombardy,8·/˘·····
Bounded by the vaporous air,8/˘··/˘˘·
Islanded by cities fair;7/˘˘·/˘·
Underneath Day's azure eyes7·˘/·/˘·
Ocean's nursling, Venice lies,7/˘/˘/˘·
A peopled labyrinth of walls,8·/˘/˘···
Amphitrite's destined halls,7···/˘˘·
Which her hoary sire now paves7··/˘/··
With his blue and beaming waves.7····/˘·
Lo! the sun upsprings behind,7·······
Broad, red, radiant, half-reclined7··/˘·˘/
On the level quivering line7··/˘/˘·
Of the waters crystalline;7··/˘/˘·
And before that chasm of light,8····/˘··
As within a furnace bright,7····/˘·
Column, tower, and dome, and spire,7/˘/····
Shine like obelisks of fire,8······/˘
Pointing with inconstant motion8/˘·˘/˘/˘
From the altar of dark ocean8··/˘··/˘
To the sapphire-tinted skies;7··/˘/˘·
As the flames of sacrifice7····/˘·
From the marble shrines did rise,7··/˘···
As to pierce the dome of gold7·······
Where Apollo spoke of old.7·˘/˘···
Sun-girt City, thou hast been7··/˘···
Ocean's child, and then his queen;7/˘·····
Now is come a darker day,7····/˘·
And thou soon must be his prey,7·······
If the power that raised thee here7··/····
Hallow so thy watery bier.7/˘··/˘·
A less drear ruin then than now,7···/···
With thy conquest-branded brow7··/˘/˘·
Stooping to the slave of slaves7/˘·····
From thy throne, among the waves7·······
Wilt thou be, when the sea-mew7·······
Flies, as once before it flew,7·······
O'er thine isles depopulate,7···˘/˘·
And all is in its ancient state,8·····/˘·
Save where many a palace gate7··/·/˘·
With green sea-flowers overgrown7···/·˘/
Like a rock of Ocean's own,7····/˘·
Topples o'er the abandoned sea8/˘··˘/˘·
As the tides change sullenly.7·······
The fisher on his watery way,8·/˘··/˘·
Wandering at the close of day,7/˘·····
Will spread his sail and seize his oar8········
Till he pass the gloomy shore,7····/˘·
Lest thy dead should, from their sleep7·······
Bursting o'er the starlight deep,7/˘··/··
Lead a rapid masque of death7··/˘···
O'er the waters of his path.7··/˘···
Those who alone thy towers behold8··˘/·/˘/
Quivering through aereal gold,7/˘˘····
As I now behold them here,7···˘/··
Would imagine not they were7·˘/˘···
Sepulchres, where human forms,6···/˘·
Like pollution-nourished worms,7·˘/˘/˘·
To the corpse of greatness cling,7····/˘·
Murdered, and now mouldering:7/˘··/˘˘
But if Freedom should awake7··/˘·˘/
In her omnipotence, and shake7··˘/˘··
From the Celtic Anarch's hold7··/˘···
All the keys of dungeons cold,7····/˘·
Where a hundred cities lie7··/˘/˘·
Chained like thee, ingloriously,8···˘/˘˘˘
Thou and all thy sister band7····/˘·
Might adorn this sunny land,7·˘/·/˘·
Twining memories of old time7/˘/˘···
With new virtues more sublime;7··/˘·˘/
If not, perish thou and they!--7··/˘···
Clouds which stain truth's rising day7····/˘·
By her sun consumed away--7···˘/˘/
Earth can spare ye: while like flowers,8······/˘
In the waste of years and hours,8······/˘
From your dust new nations spring7····/˘·
With more kindly blossoming.7··/˘/˘˘
Perish--let there only be7/˘··/˘·
Floating o'er thy hearthless sea7/˘·····
As the garment of thy sky7··/˘···
Clothes the world immortally,7···˘/˘˘
One remembrance, more sublime7·˘/˘·˘/
Than the tattered pall of time,7··/˘···
Which scarce hides thy visage wan;--7····/˘·
That a tempest-cleaving Swan7··/˘/˘·
Of the songs of Albion,7····/˘˘
Driven from his ancestral streams7/··˘/˘·
By the might of evil dreams,7····/˘·
Found a nest in thee; and Ocean8······/˘
Welcomed him with such emotion8/˘···˘/˘
That its joy grew his, and sprung7·······
From his lips like music flung7····/˘·
O'er a mighty thunder-fit,7··/˘/˘·
Chastening terror:--what though yet7/˘/˘···
Poesy's unfailing River,7··˘/˘/˘
Which through Albion winds forever8··/˘·˘/˘
Lashing with melodious wave7/˘·˘/˘·
Many a sacred Poet's grave,7/·/˘/˘·
Mourn its latest nursling fled?7··/˘/˘·
What though thou with all thy dead7·······
Scarce can for this fame repay7·····˘/
Aught thine own? oh, rather say7····/˘·
Though thy sins and slaveries foul7····/˘·
Overcloud a sunlike soul?7····/˘·
As the ghost of Homer clings7····/˘·
Round Scamander's wasting springs;7····/˘·
As divinest Shakespeare's might7·˘/˘/··
Fills Avon and the world with light8·/˘·····
Like omniscient power which he7·˘/˘/··
Imaged 'mid mortality;7/˘·˘/˘˘
As the love from Petrarch's urn,7·······
Yet amid yon hills doth burn,7·˘/····
A quenchless lamp by which the heart8·/˘·····
Sees things unearthly;--so thou art,8··˘/˘···
Mighty spirit--so shall be7/˘/˘···
The City that did refuge thee.8·/˘··/˘·
Lo, the sun floats up the sky7·······
Like thought-winged Liberty,7···˘/˘˘
Till the universal light7···˘/˘·
Seems to level plain and height;7··/˘···
From the sea a mist has spread,7·······
And the beams of morn lie dead7·······
On the towers of Venice now,7··/·/˘·
Like its glory long ago.7··/˘·˘/
By the skirts of that gray cloud7·······
Many-domed Padua proud7/˘·/˘˘·
Stands, a peopled solitude,7··/˘/˘·
'Mid the harvest-shining plain,7··/˘/˘·
Where the peasant heaps his grain7··/˘···
In the garner of his foe,7··/˘···
And the milk-white oxen slow7····/˘·
With the purple vintage strain,7··/˘/˘·
Heaped upon the creaking wain,7····/˘·
That the brutal Celt may swill7··/˘···
Drunken sleep with savage will;7/˘··/˘·
And the sickle to the sword7··/˘···
Lies unchanged, though many a lord,7·˘/·/··
Like a weed whose shade is poison,8······/˘
Overgrows this region's foison,8····/˘/˘
Sheaves of whom are ripe to come7·······
To destruction's harvest-home:7·˘/˘/˘·
Men must reap the things they sow,7·······
Force from force must ever flow,7····/˘·
Or worse; but 'tis a bitter woe8·····/˘·
That love or reason cannot change8···/˘/˘·
The despot's rage, the slave's revenge.8·/˘···˘/
Padua, thou within whose walls7/˘·····
Those mute guests at festivals,7····/˘˘
Son and Mother, Death and Sin,7··/˘···
Played at dice for Ezzelin,7·······
Till Death cried, "I win, I win!"7·······
And Sin cursed to lose the wager,8······/˘
But Death promised, to assuage her,8··/˘·˘/·
That he would petition for7···˘/˘·
Her to be made Vice-Emperor,8·····/˘˘
When the destined years were o'er,7··/˘···
Over all between the Po7·······
And the eastern Alpine snow,7··/˘/··
Under the mighty Austrian.8···/˘/˘˘
Sin smiled so as Sin only can,8·····/˘·
And since that time, ay, long before,8········
Both have ruled from shore to shore,--7·······
That incestuous pair, who follow8·˘/˘··/˘
Tyrants as the sun the swallow,8/˘····/˘
As Repentance follows Crime,7·˘/˘/˘·
And as changes follow Time.7··/˘/˘·
In thine halls the lamp of learning,8······/˘
Padua, now no more is burning;8/˘····/˘
Like a meteor, whose wild way7··/˘···
Is lost over the grave of day,7·······
It gleams betrayed and to betray:8··˘/··˘/
Once remotest nations came7·˘/˘/˘·
To adore that sacred flame,7·˘/·/˘·
When it lit not many a hearth7····/··
On this cold and gloomy earth:7····/˘·
Now new fires from antique light7··/·˘/·
Spring beneath the wide world's might;7·······
But their spark lies dead in thee,7·······
Trampled out by Tyranny.7/˘··/˘˘
As the Norway woodman quells,7··/·/˘·
In the depth of piny dells,7····/˘·
One light flame among the brakes,7·······
While the boundless forest shakes,7··/˘/˘·
And its mighty trunks are torn7··/˘···
By the fire thus lowly born:7··/·/˘·
The spark beneath his feet is dead,8········
He starts to see the flames it fed8········
Howling through the darkened sky7/˘··/˘·
With a myriad tongues victoriously,9··/˘·····
And sinks down in fear: so thou,7·······
O Tyranny, beholdest now7·/˘˘/˘·
Light around thee, and thou hearest8······/˘
The loud flames ascend, and fearest:8···˘/·/˘
Grovel on the earth; ay, hide7/˘·····
In the dust thy purple pride!7····/˘·
Noon descends around me now:7·˘/····
'Tis the noon of autumn's glow,7····/˘·
When a soft and purple mist7····/˘·
Like a vaporous amethyst,8··/˘˘/˘˘
Or an air-dissolved star7···˘/˘·
Mingling light and fragrance, far7/˘··/˘·
From the curved horizon's bound7···˘/˘·
To the point of Heaven's profound,8····/˘˘/
Fills the overflowing sky;7··/˘·˘·
And the plains that silent lie7····/˘·
Underneath, the leaves unsodden8·˘/·····
Where the infant Frost has trodden8··/˘··/˘
With his morning-winged feet,7··/˘·˘·
Whose bright print is gleaming yet;7····/˘·
And the red and golden vines,7····/˘·
Piercing with their trellised lines7/˘··/˘·
The rough, dark-skirted wilderness;8···/˘/˘˘
The dun and bladed grass no less,8···/˘···
Pointing from this hoary tower8/˘··/˘/˘
In the windless air; the flower8··/˘··/˘
Glimmering at my feet; the line7/˘·····
Of the olive-sandalled Apennine9··/˘/˘/˘·
In the south dimly islanded;8···/˘/˘˘
And the Alps, whose snows are spread7·······
High between the clouds and sun;7·······
And of living things each one;7··/˘···
And my spirit which so long7··/˘···
Darkened this swift stream of song,--7/˘·····
Interpenetrated lie7·······
By the glory of the sky:7··/˘···
Be it love, light, harmony,7····/˘˘
Odour, or the soul of all7/˘·····
Which from Heaven like dew doth fall,7··/····
Or the mind which feeds this verse7·······
Peopling the lone universe.7/˘··/˘·
Noon descends, and after noon7·˘/····
Autumn's evening meets me soon,7/˘/˘···
Leading the infantine moon,7/˘·/˘˘·
And that one star, which to her7·······
Almost seems to minister7/···/˘˘
Half the crimson light she brings7··/˘···
From the sunset's radiant springs:7··/·/˘·
And the soft dreams of the morn7·······
(Which like winged winds had borne7···˘···
To that silent isle, which lies7··/˘···
Mid remembered agonies,7·˘/˘/˘˘
The frail bark of this lone being)8······/˘
Pass, to other sufferers fleeing,8··/˘/˘/˘
And its ancient pilot, Pain,7··/˘/˘·
Sits beside the helm again.7·˘/··˘/
Other flowering isles must be7/˘/˘···
In the sea of Life and Agony:8······/˘
Other spirits float and flee7/˘/˘···
O'er that gulf: even now, perhaps,7···/·˘/
On some rock the wild wave wraps,7·······
With folded wings they waiting sit8·/˘··/˘·
For my bark, to pilot it7····/˘·
To some calm and blooming cove,7····/˘·
Where for me, and those I love,7·······
May a windless bower be built,7··/˘/··
Far from passion, pain, and guilt,7··/˘···
In a dell mid lawny hills,7····/˘·
Which the wild sea-murmur fills,7····/˘·
And soft sunshine, and the sound7··/····
Of old forests echoing round,7··/˘/˘·
And the light and smell divine7·····˘/
Of all flowers that breathe and shine:7··/····
We may live so happy there,7····/˘·
That the Spirits of the Air,7··/˘···
Envying us, may even entice7/˘··/˘/
To our healing Paradise7·//˘/˘·
The polluting multitude;7·˘/˘/˘·
But their rage would be subdued7·····˘/
By that clime divine and calm,7···˘/··
And the winds whose wings rain balm7·······
On the uplifted soul, and leaves7··/˘···
Under which the bright sea heaves;7·······
While each breathless interval7··/˘/˘˘
In their whisperings musical8··/˘˘/˘˘
The inspired soul supplies7·˘/˘·˘/
With its own deep melodies;7····/˘˘
And the love which heals all strife7·······
Circling, like the breath of life,7/˘·····
All things in that sweet abode7·····˘/
With its own mild brotherhood,7····/˘·
They, not it, would change; and soon7·······
Every sprite beneath the moon7/˘·····
Would repent its envy vain,7·˘/·/˘·
And the earth grow young again.7·····˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Percy Bysshe Shelley