Break of Day

Siegfried Sassoon (1886–1967) · 1919

iambic pentameter · 56 lines · from The War Poems

There seemed a smell of autumn in the airAt the bleak end of night; he shivered thereIn a dank, musty dug-out where he lay,Legs wrapped in sand-bags,--lumps of chalk and claySpattering his face. Dry-mouthed, he thought, "To-dayWe start the damned attack; and, Lord knows why,Zero's at nine; how bloody if I'm done inUnder the freedom of that morning sky!"And then he coughed and dozed, cursing the din.

Was it the ghost of autumn in that smellOf underground, or God's blank heart grown kind,That sent a happy dream to him in hell?--Where men are crushed like clods, and crawl to findSome crater for their wretchedness; who lieIn outcast immolation, doomed to dieFar from clean things or any hope of cheer,Cowed anger in their eyes, till darkness brimsAnd roars into their heads, and they can hearOld childish talk, and tags of foolish hymns.

He sniffs the chilly air; (his dreaming starts).He's riding in a dusty Sussex laneIn quiet September; slowly night departs;And he's a living soul, absolved from pain.Beyond the brambled fences where he goesAre glimmering fields with harvest piled in sheaves,And tree-tops dark against the stars grown pale;Then, clear and shrill, a distant farm-cock crows;And there's a wall of mist along the valeWhere willows shake their watery-sounding leaves.He gazes on it all, and scarce believesThat earth is telling its old peaceful tale;He thanks the blessed world that he was born ...Then, far away, a lonely note of the horn.

They're drawing the Big Wood! Unlatch the gate,And set Golumpus going on the grass:He knows the corner where it's best to waitAnd hear the crashing woodland chorus pass;The corner where old foxes make their trackTo the Long Spinney; that's the place to be.The bracken shakes below an ivied tree,And then a cub looks out; and "Tally-o-back!"He bawls, and swings his thong with volleying crack,--All the clean thrill of autumn in his blood,And hunting surging through him like a floodIn joyous welcome from the untroubled past;While the war drifts away, forgotten at last.

Now a red, sleepy sun above the rimOf twilight stares along the quiet weald,And the kind, simple country shines revealedIn solitudes of peace, no longer dim.The old horse lifts his face and thanks the light,Then stretches down his head to crop the green.All things that he has loved are in his sight;The places where his happiness has beenAre in his eyes, his heart, and they are good.Hark! there's the horn: they're drawing the Big Wood.

Words in this poem 16
dank n.
Moisture; humidity; water.
damned a.
Sentenced to punishment in a future state; condemned; consigned to perdition.
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
crawl v. i.
To move slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; to move slowly on hands and kness; to creep. [Dan. kravle, or Icel. krafla, to paw, scrabble with the hands; akin to Sw. kr to crawl; cf. LG. krabbeln, D. krabbelen to scratch.]
crater n.
The basinlike opening or mouth of a volcano, through which the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a gevser, about which a cone of silica is often built up. [L. crater, cratera, a mixing vessel, the mouth of a volcano, Gr. ir to cook, Crail, in Holy Grail.]
outcast a.
Cast out; degraded. [Cf. Sw. utkasta to cast out.]
immolation n.
The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or sacrificed. Sir. T. Browne. [L. immolatio: cf. F. immolation.]
brambled a.
Overgrown with brambles.
piled a.
Having a pile or point; pointed. [From 2d Pile.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
unlatch v. i.
To open or loose by lifting the latch; as, to unlatch a door. [1st un- + latch.]
crashing n.
The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
bracken n.
A brake or fern. [OE. braken, AS. bracce. See 2d Brake, n.]
ivied a.
Overgrown with ivy. [From Ivy.]
weald n.
A wood or forest; a wooded land or region; also, an open country; -- often used in place names. [AS. See Wold.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Break of Day is in the public domain. This text is taken from The War Poems of Siegfried Sassoon, Project Gutenberg ebook #45199; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Siegfried Sassoon, Break of Day, in The War Poems (1919), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #45199, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/sassoon-war-poems/break-of-day.html, id L17224.

Form and metre

Break of Day is 56 lines in 5 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 98% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 38% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBBCDCD airA · thereA · layB · clayB · dayB · whyC · inD · skyC · dinD
  2. 2 ABABCCDEDE smellA · kindB · hellA · findB · lieC · dieC · cheerD · brimsE · hearD · hymnsE
  3. 3 ABABCDECEDDEFF startsA · laneB · departsA · painB · goesC · sheavesD · paleE · crowsC · valeE · leavesD · believesD · taleE · bornF · hornF
  4. 4 ABABCDDCCEEBB gateA · grassB · waitA · passB · trackC · beD · treeD · backC · crackC · bloodE · floodE · pastB · lastB
  5. 5 ABBAC-C-DD rimA · wealdB · revealedB · dimA · lightC · green · sightC · been · goodD · woodD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
There seemed a smell of autumn in the air10·····/˘···
At the bleak end of night; he shivered there10·······/˘·
In a dank, musty dug-out where he lay,10···/˘·····
Legs wrapped in sand-bags,--lumps of chalk and clay10··········
Spattering his face. Dry-mouthed, he thought, "To-day10/˘········
We start the damned attack; and, Lord knows why,10····˘/····
Zero's at nine; how bloody if I'm done in11/˘···/˘····
Under the freedom of that morning sky!"10···/˘··/˘·
And then he coughed and dozed, cursing the din.10······/˘··
Was it the ghost of autumn in that smell10·····/˘···
Of underground, or God's blank heart grown kind,10·/˘·······
That sent a happy dream to him in hell?--10···/˘·····
Where men are crushed like clods, and crawl to find10··········
Some crater for their wretchedness; who lie10·/˘··/˘˘··
In outcast immolation, doomed to die10·/·/˘·˘···
Far from clean things or any hope of cheer,10·····/˘···
Cowed anger in their eyes, till darkness brims10·/˘····/˘·
And roars into their heads, and they can hear10··········
Old childish talk, and tags of foolish hymns.10·/˘····/˘·
He sniffs the chilly air; (his dreaming starts).10···/˘··/˘·
He's riding in a dusty Sussex lane10·/˘··/˘/˘·
In quiet September; slowly night departs;10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
And he's a living soul, absolved from pain.10···/˘·˘/··
Beyond the brambled fences where he goes10···/˘/˘···
Are glimmering fields with harvest piled in sheaves,10·/˘··/˘···
And tree-tops dark against the stars grown pale;10··········
Then, clear and shrill, a distant farm-cock crows;10·····/˘···
And there's a wall of mist along the vale10······˘/··
Where willows shake their watery-sounding leaves.10·/···/˘/˘·
He gazes on it all, and scarce believes10·/˘·····˘/
That earth is telling its old peaceful tale;10···/˘··/˘·
He thanks the blessed world that he was born ...10····˘·····
Then, far away, a lonely note of the horn.11··˘/·/˘····
They're drawing the Big Wood! Unlatch the gate,10·/˘···˘/··
And set Golumpus going on the grass:10·····/˘···
He knows the corner where it's best to wait10···/˘·····
And hear the crashing woodland chorus pass;10···/˘/·/˘·
The corner where old foxes make their track10·/˘··/˘···
To the Long Spinney; that's the place to be.10···/˘·····
The bracken shakes below an ivied tree,10·/˘····/˘·
And then a cub looks out; and "Tally-o-back!"11·······/˘··
He bawls, and swings his thong with volleying crack,--10·······/˘·
All the clean thrill of autumn in his blood,10·····/˘···
And hunting surging through him like a flood10·/˘/˘·····
In joyous welcome from the untroubled past;11·/˘/˘··˘/˘·
While the war drifts away, forgotten at last.11····˘/˘/˘··
Now a red, sleepy sun above the rim10···/˘·····
Of twilight stares along the quiet weald,10·/··˘/·/˘·
And the kind, simple country shines revealed10···/˘/˘·˘/
In solitudes of peace, no longer dim.10·/˘····/˘·
The old horse lifts his face and thanks the light,10··········
Then stretches down his head to crop the green.10·/˘·······
All things that he has loved are in his sight;10··········
The places where his happiness has been10·/˘··/˘˘··
Are in his eyes, his heart, and they are good.10··········
Hark! there's the horn: they're drawing the Big Wood.10·····/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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