The Four Brothers
Make war songs out of these;Make chants that repeat and weave.Make rhythms up to the ragtime chatter of the machine guns;Make slow-booming psalms up to the boom of the big guns.Make a marching song of swinging arms and swinging legs,Going along,Going along,On the roads from San Antonio to Athens, from Seattle to Bagdad—The boys and men in winding lines of khaki, the circling squares of bayonet points.
Cowpunchers, cornhuskers, shopmen, ready in khaki;Ballplayers, lumberjacks, ironworkers, ready in khaki;A million, ten million, singing, "I am ready."This the sun looks on between two seaboards,In the land of Lincoln, in the land of Grant and Lee.
I heard one say, "I am ready to be killed."I heard another say, "I am ready to be killed."O sunburned clear-eyed boys!I stand on sidewalks and you go by with drums and guns and bugles,You—and the flag!And my heart tightens, a fist of something feels my throatWhen you go by,You on the kaiser hunt, you and your faces saying, "I am ready to be killed."
They are hunting death,Death for the one-armed mastoid kaiser.They are after a Hohenzollern head:There is no man-hunt of men remembered like this.
The four big brothers are out to kill.France, Russia, Britain, America—The four republics are sworn brothers to kill the kaiser.
Yes, this is the great man-hunt;And the sun has never seen till nowSuch a line of toothed and tusked man-killers,In the blue of the upper sky,In the green of the undersea,In the red of winter dawns.Eating to kill,Sleeping to kill,Asked by their mothers to kill,Wished by four-fifths of the world to kill—To cut the kaiser's throat,To hack the kaiser's head,To hang the kaiser on a high-horizon gibbet.
And is it nothing else than this?Three times ten million men thirsting the bloodOf a half-cracked one-armed child of the German kings?Three times ten million men asking the bloodOf a child born with his head wrong-shaped,The blood of rotted kings in his veins?If this were all, O God,I would go to the far timbersAnd look on the gray wolvesTearing the throats of moose:I would ask a wilder drunk of blood.
Look! It is four brothers in joined hands together.The people of bleeding France,The people of bleeding Russia,The people of Britain, the people of America—These are the four brothers, these are the four republics.
At first I said it in anger as one who clenches his fist in wrath to fling his knuckles into the face of some one taunting;Now I say it calmly as one who has thought it over and over again at night, among the mountains, by the seacombers in storm.I say now, by God, only fighters to-day will save the world, nothing but fighters will keep alive the names of those who left red prints of bleeding feet at Valley Forge in Christmas snow.On the cross of Jesus, the sword of Napoleon, the skull of Shakespeare, the pen of Tom Jefferson, the ashes of Abraham Lincoln, or any sign of the red and running life poured out by the mothers of the world,By the God of morning glories climbing blue the doors of quiet homes, by the God of tall hollyhocks laughing glad to children in peaceful valleys, by the God of new mothers wishing peace to sit at windows nursing babies,I swear only reckless men, ready to throw away their lives by hunger, deprivation, desperate clinging to a single purpose imperturbable and undaunted, men with the primitive guts of rebellion,Only fighters gaunt with the red brand of labor's sorrow on their brows and labor's terrible pride in their blood, men with souls asking danger—only these will save and keep the four big brothers.
Good-night is the word, good-night to the kings, to the czars,Good-night to the kaiser.The breakdown and the fade-away begins.The shadow of a great broom, ready to sweep out the trash, is here.
One finger is raised that counts the czar,The ghost who beckoned men who come no more—The czar gone to the winds on God's great dustpan,The czar a pinch of nothing,The last of the gibbering Romanoffs.
Out and good-night—The ghosts of the summer palacesAnd the ghosts of the winter palaces!Out and out, good-night to the kings, the czars, the kaisers.
Another finger will speak,And the kaiser, the ghost who gestures a hundred million sleeping-waking ghosts,The kaiser will go onto God's great dustpan—The last of the gibbering Hohenzollerns.Look! God pities this trash, God waits with a broom and a dustpan,God knows a finger will speak and count them out.
It is written in the stars;It is spoken on the walls;It clicks in the fire-white zigzag of the Atlantic wireless;It mutters in the bastions of thousand-mile continents;It sings in a whistle on the midnight winds from Walla Walla to Mesopotamia:Out and good-night.
The millions slow in khaki,The millions learning Turkey in the Straw and John Brown's Body,The millions remembering windrows of dead at Gettysburg, Chickamauga, and Spottsylvania Court House,The millions dreaming of the morning star of Appomattox,The millions easy and calm with guns and steel, planes and prows:There is a hammering, drumming hell to come.The killing gangs are on the way.
God takes one year for a job.God takes ten years or a million.God knows when a doom is written.God knows this job will be done and the words spoken:Out and good-night.The red tubes will run,And the great price be paid,And the homes empty,And the wives wishing,And the mothers wishing.
There is only one way now, only the way of the red tubes and the great price.
Well...Maybe the morning sun is a five-cent yellow balloon,And the evening stars the joke of a God gone crazy.Maybe the mothers of the world,And the life that pours from their torsal folds—Maybe it's all a lie sworn by liars,And a God with a cackling laughter says:"I, the Almighty God,I have made all this,I have made it for kaisers, czars, and kings."
Three times ten million men say: No.Three times ten million men say:God is a God of the People.And the God who made the worldAnd fixed the morning sun,And flung the evening stars,And shaped the baby hands of life,This is the God of the Four Brothers;This is the God of bleeding France and bleeding Russia;This is the God of the people of Britain and America.
The graves from the Irish Sea to the Caucasus peaks are ten times a million.The stubs and stumps of arms and legs, the eyesockets empty, the cripples, ten times a million.The crimson thumb-print of this anathema is on the door panels of a hundred million homes.Cows gone, mothers on sick-beds, children cry a hunger and no milk comes in the noon-time or at night.The death-yells of it all, the torn throats of men in ditches calling for water, the shadows and the hacking lungs in dugouts, the steel paws that clutch and squeeze a scarlet drain day by day—the storm of it is hell.But look! child! the storm is blowing for a clean air.
Look! the four brothers marchAnd hurl their big shouldersAnd swear the job shall be done.
Out of the wild finger-writing north and south, east and west, over the blood-crossed, blood-dusty ball of earth,Out of it all a God who knows is sweeping clean,Out of it all a God who sees and pierces through, is breaking and cleaning out an old thousand years, is making ready for a new thousand years.The four brothers shall be five and more.
Under the chimneys of the winter time the children of the world shall sing new songs.Among the rocking restless cradles the mothers of the world shall sing new sleepy-time songs.
Words in this poem 19
- ragtime n.
- Time characterized by syncopation, as in many negro melodies.
- kaiser n.
- The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in 1871. [Gr., fr. L. Caesar. Cf. Kesar, and Czar.]
- tusked a.
- Furnished with tusks.
- gibbet n.
- A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an]
- napoleon n.
- A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86. [From the Emperor Napoleon 1.]
- desperate a.
- Without hope; given to despair; hopeless. [L. desperatus, p. p. of desperare. See Despair, and cf. Desperado.]
- imperturbable a.
- Incapable of being disturbed or disconcerted; as, imperturbable gravity. [L. imperturbabilis; pref. im- not + perturbare to disturb: cf. F. imperturbable. See Perture.]
- undaunted a.
- Not daunted; not subdued or depressed by fear.
- gaunt a.
- Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.]
- breakdown n.
- The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage; downfall.
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- dustpan n.
- A shovel-like utensil for conveying away dust brushed from the floor.
- onto prep.
- On the top of; upon; on. See On to, under On, prep. [On + to. Cf. Into.]
- drumming n.
- The act of beating upon, or as if upon, a drum; also, the noise which the male of the ruffed grouse makes in spring, by beating his wings upon his sides.
- maybe adv.
- Perhaps; possibly; peradventure. [For it may be.]
- torsal n.
- A torsel. Knight.
- cackling n.
- The broken noise of a goose or a hen.
- anathema n.
- A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as accursed. [L. anath, fr. Gr. anath, fr. Gr. Thesis.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Four Brothers is in the public domain. This text is taken from Cornhuskers, Wikisource; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Carl Sandburg, The Four Brothers, in Cornhuskers (1918), text of Wikisource, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/sandburg-cornhuskers/the-four-brothers.html, id L29098.
Form and metre
The Four Brothers is 143 lines in 23 stanzas. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 --AA-BB-- these · weave · gunsA · gunsA · legs · alongB · alongB · bagdad · points
- 2 AA--- khakiA · khakiA · ready · seaboards · lee
- 3 AA-----A killedA · killedA · boys · bugles · flag · throat · by · killedA
- 6 ---AA-BBBB--- hunt · now · killers · skyA · underseaA · dawns · killB · killB · killB · killB · throat · head · gibbet
- 7 -A-A------A this · bloodA · kings · bloodA · shaped · veins · god · timbers · wolves · moose · bloodA
- 12 -AA- night · palacesA · palacesA · kaisers
- 13 --A-A- speak · ghosts · dustpanA · hohenzollerns · dustpanA · out
- 16 -AAA-A--BB job · millionA · writtenA · spokenA · night · runA · paid · empty · wishingB · wishingB
- 18 -----AA--- well · balloon · crazy · world · folds · liarsA · saysA · god · this · kings
- 20 AA---- millionA · millionA · homes · night · hell · air
- 23 AA songsA · songsA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Make war songs out of these; | 6 | ······ |
| Make chants that repeat and weave. | 7 | ···˘/·· |
| Make rhythms up to the ragtime chatter of the machine guns; | 15 | ·/˘···/·/˘··˘/· |
| Make slow-booming psalms up to the boom of the big guns. | 13 | ··/˘········· |
| Make a marching song of swinging arms and swinging legs, | 13 | ··/˘··/˘··/˘· |
| Going along, | 4 | /˘˘/ |
| Going along, | 4 | /˘˘/ |
| On the roads from San Antonio to Athens, from Seattle to Bagdad— | 19 | ·····˘/˘˘·/˘·˘/˘·/˘ |
| The boys and men in winding lines of khaki, the circling squares of bayonet points. | 21 | ·····/˘··/˘·/˘˘··/˘·· |
| Cowpunchers, cornhuskers, shopmen, ready in khaki; | 13 | ········/˘·/˘ |
| Ballplayers, lumberjacks, ironworkers, ready in khaki; | 15 | ˘/˘/˘·····/˘·/˘ |
| A million, ten million, singing, "I am ready." | 12 | ·/˘·/˘/˘··/˘ |
| This the sun looks on between two seaboards, | 10 | ········/· |
| In the land of Lincoln, in the land of Grant and Lee. | 13 | ····/˘······· |
| I heard one say, "I am ready to be killed." | 11 | ······/˘··· |
| I heard another say, "I am ready to be killed." | 13 | ··˘/˘···/˘··· |
| O sunburned clear-eyed boys! | 6 | ·/···· |
| I stand on sidewalks and you go by with drums and guns and bugles, | 16 | ···/··········/˘ |
| You—and the flag! | 4 | ···· |
| And my heart tightens, a fist of something feels my throat | 13 | ···/˘···/˘··· |
| When you go by, | 4 | ···· |
| You on the kaiser hunt, you and your faces saying, "I am ready to be killed." | 20 | ···/˘····/˘/˘··/˘··· |
| They are hunting death, | 5 | ··/˘· |
| Death for the one-armed mastoid kaiser. | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| They are after a Hohenzollern head: | 10 | ·········· |
| There is no man-hunt of men remembered like this. | 12 | ·······˘/˘·· |
| The four big brothers are out to kill. | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| France, Russia, Britain, America— | 9 | ·/˘/˘˘/˘˘ |
| The four republics are sworn brothers to kill the kaiser. | 14 | ··˘/˘··/˘···/˘ |
| Yes, this is the great man-hunt; | 7 | ······· |
| And the sun has never seen till now | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| Such a line of toothed and tusked man-killers, | 10 | ········/˘ |
| In the blue of the upper sky, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| In the green of the undersea, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| In the red of winter dawns. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Eating to kill, | 4 | /˘·· |
| Sleeping to kill, | 4 | /˘·· |
| Asked by their mothers to kill, | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| Wished by four-fifths of the world to kill— | 9 | ········· |
| To cut the kaiser's throat, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| To hack the kaiser's head, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| To hang the kaiser on a high-horizon gibbet. | 13 | ···/˘···˘/˘/˘ |
| And is it nothing else than this? | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Three times ten million men thirsting the blood | 10 | ···/˘·/˘·· |
| Of a half-cracked one-armed child of the German kings? | 12 | ·········/˘· |
| Three times ten million men asking the blood | 10 | ···/˘·/˘·· |
| Of a child born with his head wrong-shaped, | 9 | ········· |
| The blood of rotted kings in his veins? | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| If this were all, O God, | 6 | ······ |
| I would go to the far timbers | 8 | ······/˘ |
| And look on the gray wolves | 6 | ······ |
| Tearing the throats of moose: | 6 | /˘···· |
| I would ask a wilder drunk of blood. | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| Look! It is four brothers in joined hands together. | 12 | ····/˘···˘/˘ |
| The people of bleeding France, | 7 | ·/˘·/˘· |
| The people of bleeding Russia, | 8 | ·/˘·/˘/˘ |
| The people of Britain, the people of America— | 14 | ·/˘·/˘·/˘·˘/˘˘ |
| These are the four brothers, these are the four republics. | 13 | ····/˘····˘/˘ |
| At first I said it in anger as one who clenches his fist in wrath to fling his knuckles into the face of some one taunting; | 31 | ······/˘···/˘·······/˘·······/˘ |
| Now I say it calmly as one who has thought it over and over again at night, among the mountains, by the seacombers in storm. | 33 | ····/˘···········˘/·····/˘······· |
| I say now, by God, only fighters to-day will save the world, nothing but fighters will keep alive the names of those who left red prints of bleeding feet at Valley Forge in Christmas snow. | 44 | ·····/˘/˘······/˘·/˘··˘/·········/˘··/˘··/˘· |
| On the cross of Jesus, the sword of Napoleon, the skull of Shakespeare, the pen of Tom Jefferson, the ashes of Abraham Lincoln, or any sign of the red and running life poured out by the mothers of the world, | 54 | ····/˘···˘/˘˘···/·····/˘˘·/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘·····/˘·····/˘··· |
| By the God of morning glories climbing blue the doors of quiet homes, by the God of tall hollyhocks laughing glad to children in peaceful valleys, by the God of new mothers wishing peace to sit at windows nursing babies, | 55 | ····/˘/˘/˘····/˘······/˘·/˘··/˘·/˘/˘·····/˘/˘····/˘/˘/˘ |
| I swear only reckless men, ready to throw away their lives by hunger, deprivation, desperate clinging to a single purpose imperturbable and undaunted, men with the primitive guts of rebellion, | 52 | ··/˘/˘·/˘··˘/···/˘·˘/˘/˘/˘··/˘/˘······˘/˘···/˘˘··˘/˘ |
| Only fighters gaunt with the red brand of labor's sorrow on their brows and labor's terrible pride in their blood, men with souls asking danger—only these will save and keep the four big brothers. | 46 | /˘/˘······/˘/˘····/˘/˘˘·······/˘/˘/˘········/˘ |
| Good-night is the word, good-night to the kings, to the czars, | 13 | ············· |
| Good-night to the kaiser. | 6 | ····/˘ |
| The breakdown and the fade-away begins. | 10 | ·/····˘/˘/ |
| The shadow of a great broom, ready to sweep out the trash, is here. | 16 | ·/·····/˘······· |
| One finger is raised that counts the czar, | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| The ghost who beckoned men who come no more— | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The czar gone to the winds on God's great dustpan, | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| The czar a pinch of nothing, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| The last of the gibbering Romanoffs. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Out and good-night— | 4 | ···· |
| The ghosts of the summer palaces | 9 | ····/˘/˘˘ |
| And the ghosts of the winter palaces! | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| Out and out, good-night to the kings, the czars, the kaisers. | 13 | ···········/˘ |
| Another finger will speak, | 7 | ˘/˘/˘·· |
| And the kaiser, the ghost who gestures a hundred million sleeping-waking ghosts, | 19 | ··/˘···/˘·/˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| The kaiser will go onto God's great dustpan— | 11 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘ |
| The last of the gibbering Hohenzollerns. | 11 | ··········· |
| Look! God pities this trash, God waits with a broom and a dustpan, | 15 | ··/˘·········/˘ |
| God knows a finger will speak and count them out. | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| It is written in the stars; | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| It is spoken on the walls; | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| It clicks in the fire-white zigzag of the Atlantic wireless; | 16 | ····/˘·/˘··˘/˘/˘ |
| It mutters in the bastions of thousand-mile continents; | 14 | ·/˘··/˘·/˘·/˘˘ |
| It sings in a whistle on the midnight winds from Walla Walla to Mesopotamia: | 23 | ····/˘··/···/˘/˘··˘˘/˘˘ |
| Out and good-night. | 4 | ···· |
| The millions slow in khaki, | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| The millions learning Turkey in the Straw and John Brown's Body, | 15 | ·/˘/˘/˘······/˘ |
| The millions remembering windrows of dead at Gettysburg, Chickamauga, and Spottsylvania Court House, | 26 | ·/˘˘/˘˘·····/˘˘··········· |
| The millions dreaming of the morning star of Appomattox, | 15 | ·/˘/˘··/˘······ |
| The millions easy and calm with guns and steel, planes and prows: | 14 | ·/˘/˘········· |
| There is a hammering, drumming hell to come. | 11 | ···/˘˘/˘··· |
| The killing gangs are on the way. | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| God takes one year for a job. | 7 | ······· |
| God takes ten years or a million. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| God knows when a doom is written. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| God knows this job will be done and the words spoken: | 12 | ··········/˘ |
| Out and good-night. | 4 | ···· |
| The red tubes will run, | 5 | ····· |
| And the great price be paid, | 6 | ······ |
| And the homes empty, | 5 | ···/˘ |
| And the wives wishing, | 5 | ···/˘ |
| And the mothers wishing. | 6 | ··/˘/˘ |
| There is only one way now, only the way of the red tubes and the great price. | 19 | ··/˘···/˘·········· |
| Well... | 1 | · |
| Maybe the morning sun is a five-cent yellow balloon, | 14 | /˘·/˘·····/˘˘/ |
| And the evening stars the joke of a God gone crazy. | 13 | ··/˘·······/˘ |
| Maybe the mothers of the world, | 8 | /˘·/˘··· |
| And the life that pours from their torsal folds— | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Maybe it's all a lie sworn by liars, | 10 | /˘······/˘ |
| And a God with a cackling laughter says: | 11 | ·····/˘˘/˘· |
| "I, the Almighty God, | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| I have made all this, | 5 | ····· |
| I have made it for kaisers, czars, and kings." | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Three times ten million men say: No. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Three times ten million men say: | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| God is a God of the People. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| And the God who made the world | 7 | ······· |
| And fixed the morning sun, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And flung the evening stars, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And shaped the baby hands of life, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| This is the God of the Four Brothers; | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| This is the God of bleeding France and bleeding Russia; | 13 | ·····/˘··/˘/˘ |
| This is the God of the people of Britain and America. | 16 | ······/˘·/˘·˘/˘˘ |
| The graves from the Irish Sea to the Caucasus peaks are ten times a million. | 19 | ····/˘···/˘˘·····/˘ |
| The stubs and stumps of arms and legs, the eyesockets empty, the cripples, ten times a million. | 22 | ············/˘·/˘···/˘ |
| The crimson thumb-print of this anathema is on the door panels of a hundred million homes. | 24 | ·/˘····˘/˘˘····/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Cows gone, mothers on sick-beds, children cry a hunger and no milk comes in the noon-time or at night. | 24 | ··/˘···/˘··/˘··········· |
| The death-yells of it all, the torn throats of men in ditches calling for water, the shadows and the hacking lungs in dugouts, the steel paws that clutch and squeeze a scarlet drain day by day—the storm of it is hell. | 50 | ············/˘/˘·/˘·/···/˘··/·········/˘·········· |
| But look! child! the storm is blowing for a clean air. | 12 | ······/˘···· |
| Look! the four brothers march | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And hurl their big shoulders | 6 | ····/˘ |
| And swear the job shall be done. | 7 | ······· |
| Out of the wild finger-writing north and south, east and west, over the blood-crossed, blood-dusty ball of earth, | 25 | ····/˘/˘············/˘··· |
| Out of it all a God who knows is sweeping clean, | 12 | ·········/˘· |
| Out of it all a God who sees and pierces through, is breaking and cleaning out an old thousand years, is making ready for a new thousand years. | 35 | ·········/˘··/˘·/˘···/˘··/˘/˘···/˘· |
| The four brothers shall be five and more. | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| Under the chimneys of the winter time the children of the world shall sing new songs. | 20 | ···/˘··/˘··/˘······· |
| Among the rocking restless cradles the mothers of the world shall sing new sleepy-time songs. | 22 | ···/˘/˘/˘·/˘······/˘·· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.