Chapter I: Story of Ibn-Abdul-Aziz and his Signet Ring

Saadi (1210–1291), translated by G. S. Davie · 1882

anapaestic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 38 lines · from The Garden of Fragrance

Of people discreet, one among the grandees,A story relates of Ibn-Abdul-Aziz:—His ring had a stone in its centre, so rare,That the jeweller could not its value declare.At night, you'd have said that that world-lighting ray,Was a gem that in brightness resembled the day.It happened one year that a famine set in,And full-moon-like men as the crescent grew thin.When of comfort and strength he saw men dispossessed,He thought it unmanly that he should have rest.When in ev'ry one's mouth one sees poison, alas!Adown his own throat when will sweet water pass?He ordered, they bartered the jewel for gold,For he pitied the orphan, the poor, and the old.For the space of a week he gave money, like spoil,To the poor and the needy and weak of the soil.The censurers blamed him for doing amiss,Saying, " Hope not again for a jewel like this !"I have heard that he said—and a shower of tearsTrickled down his pale cheeks, as a candle appears—"Very ugly an ornament shows on the king,Whose subjects are tortured by Poverty's sting.A ring without gems is becoming to me;The people's hearts sad 'tis unpleasant to see."He is happy who tries man and woman to please,And prefers others' joy to his own selfish ease.Those cherishing virtue no eagerness showFor delight to themselves, wrung from other men's woe.If the monarch sleeps happy, reclined on his throne,To the poor, I suspect, soothing sleep is unknown.And if through the night-long he vigils should keep,In comfort and pleasure his subjects will sleep.And, praise be to God ! this right nature and road,On Atabak-Bu-Bakar-Bin-Sad are bestowed.Of tumult in Persia, one sees not a trace,Excepting the moon-visaged's figure and face.A song of five couplets I heard with delight,That was sung at a musical party last night.

Words in this poem

discreet a.
Possessed of discernment, especially in avoiding error or evil, and in the adaptation of means to ends; prudent; sagacious; judicious; not rash or heedless; cautious. [F. discret, L. discretus separated (whence the meaning reserved, prudent), p. p. of discernere. See Discern, and cf. Discrete.]
centre v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
famine n.
General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss, lack, ha to leave.]
adown adv.
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
reclined a.
Falling or turned downward; reclinate.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chapter I: Story of Ibn-Abdul-Aziz and his Signet Ring is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Garden of Fragrance: being a complete translation of the Bostan of Sadi from the original Persian into English verse, by G. S. Davie (London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Co., 1882), Internet Archive, the G. S. Davie translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Saadi, Chapter I: Story of Ibn-Abdul-Aziz and his Signet Ring, in The Garden of Fragrance (1882), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/saadi-bostan/1-15.html, id L29520.

Form and metre

Chapter I: Story of Ibn-Abdul-Aziz and his Signet Ring is 38 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%).

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSS grandeesA · azizA · rareB · declareB · rayC · dayC · inD · thinD · dispossessedE · restE · alasF · passF · goldG · oldG · spoilH · soilH · amissI · thisI · tearsJ · appearsJ · kingK · stingK · meL · seeL · pleaseM · easeM · showN · woeN · throneO · unknownO · keepP · sleepP · roadQ · bestowedQ · traceR · faceR · delightS · nightS
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Of people discreet, one among the grandees,10·/˘˘/·····
A story relates of Ibn-Abdul-Aziz:—12·/˘˘/·/˘˘/˘/
His ring had a stone in its centre, so rare,11·······/˘··
That the jeweller could not its value declare.12········/˘˘/
At night, you'd have said that that world-lighting ray,11········/˘·
Was a gem that in brightness resembled the day.12·····/˘˘/˘··
It happened one year that a famine set in,12·/˘˘····/˘··
And full-moon-like men as the crescent grew thin.11·······/˘··
When of comfort and strength he saw men dispossessed,12··/˘······˘/
He thought it unmanly that he should have rest.11···········
When in ev'ry one's mouth one sees poison, alas!12········/˘˘/
Adown his own throat when will sweet water pass?11˘/······/˘·
He ordered, they bartered the jewel for gold,12·/˘˘·/˘·/˘··
For he pitied the orphan, the poor, and the old.12··/··/˘·····
For the space of a week he gave money, like spoil,12········/˘··
To the poor and the needy and weak of the soil.12·····/˘·····
The censurers blamed him for doing amiss,12·····˘··/˘˘/
Saying, " Hope not again for a jewel like this !"12/˘··˘/··/˘··
I have heard that he said—and a shower of tears12········/˘··
Trickled down his pale cheeks, as a candle appears—12/˘······/˘˘/
"Very ugly an ornament shows on the king,12/˘/˘·/˘˘····
Whose subjects are tortured by Poverty's sting.12·˘/·/˘˘·/˘˘·
A ring without gems is becoming to me;11······˘/˘··
The people's hearts sad 'tis unpleasant to see."11·/˘···˘/˘··
He is happy who tries man and woman to please,12··/˘····/˘··
And prefers others' joy to his own selfish ease.12·˘//˘····/˘·
Those cherishing virtue no eagerness show11·/˘˘/˘·/˘˘·
For delight to themselves, wrung from other men's woe.12·˘/·˘/··/˘··
If the monarch sleeps happy, reclined on his throne,12··/··/˘˘/···
To the poor, I suspect, soothing sleep is unknown.12····˘//˘··˘/
And if through the night-long he vigils should keep,11·······/˘··
In comfort and pleasure his subjects will sleep.11·/˘·/˘·/˘··
And, praise be to God ! this right nature and road,11·······/˘··
On Atabak-Bu-Bakar-Bin-Sad are bestowed.12··········˘/
Of tumult in Persia, one sees not a trace,11·/˘·/˘·····
Excepting the moon-visaged's figure and face.12·/˘·····/˘··
A song of five couplets I heard with delight,11·········˘/
That was sung at a musical party last night.12·····/˘˘/˘··

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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