Songs in a Cornfield

Christina Rossetti (1830–1894) · 1862

iambic trimeter · 117 lines · from Goblin Market and Other Poems

A song in a cornfieldWhere corn begins to fall,Where reapers are reaping,Reaping one, reaping all.Sing pretty Lettice,Sing Rachel, sing May;Only Marian cannot singWhile her sweetheart's away.

Where is he gone toAnd why does he stay?He came across the green seaBut for a day,Across the deep green seaTo help with the hay.

His hair was curly yellowAnd his eyes were grey,He laughed a merry laughAnd said a sweet say.Where is he gone toThat he comes not home?To-day or to-morrowHe surely will come.Let him haste to joyLest he lag for sorrow,For one weeps to-dayWho'll not weep to-morrow:To-day she must weepFor gnawing sorrow,To-night she may sleepAnd not wake to-morrow.

May sang with RachelIn the waxing warm weather,Lettice sang with them,They sang all together:--

'Take the wheat in your armWhilst day is broad above,Take the wheat to your bosom,But not a false love.Out in the fieldsSummer heat gloweth,Out in the fieldsSummer wind bloweth,Out in the fieldsSummer friend showeth,Out in the fieldsSummer wheat groweth;But in the winterWhen summer heat is deadAnd summer wind has veeredAnd summer friend has fled,Only summer wheat remaineth,White cakes and bread.Take the wheat, clasp the wheatThat's food for maid and dove;Take the wheat to your bosom,But not a false false love.'

A silence of full noontide heatGrew on them at their toil:The farmer's dog woke up from sleep,The green snake hid her coil.Where grass stood thickest, bird and beastSought shadows as they could,The reaping men and women pausedAnd sat down where they stood;They ate and drank and were refreshed,For rest from toil is good.

While the reapers took their ease,Their sickles lying by,Rachel sang a second strain,And singing seemed to sigh:--

'There goes the swallow--Could we but follow!Hasty swallow stay,Point us out the way;Look back swallow, turn back swallow, stop swallow.

'There went the swallow--Too late to follow:Lost our note of way,Lost our chance to-day;Good bye swallow, sunny swallow, wise swallow.

'After the swallowAll sweet things follow:All things go their way,Only we must stay,Must not follow; good bye swallow, good swallow.'

Then listless Marian raised her headAmong the nodding sheaves;Her voice was sweeter than that voice;She sang like one who grieves:Her voice was sweeter than its wontAmong the nodding sheaves;All wondered while they heard her singLike one who hopes and grieves:--

'Deeper than the hail can smite,Deeper than the frost can bite,Deep asleep through day and night,Our delight.

'Now thy sleep no pang can break,No to-morrow bid thee wake,Not our sobs who sit and acheFor thy sake.

'Is it dark or light below?Oh, but is it cold like snow?Dost thou feel the green things growFast or slow?

'Is it warm or cold beneath,Oh, but is it cold like death?Cold like death, without a breath,Cold like death?'

If he comes to-dayHe will find her weeping;If he comes to-morrowHe will find her sleeping;If he comes the next dayHe'll not find her at all,He may tear his curling hair,Beat his breast and call.

Words in this poem

cornfield n.
A field where corn is or has been growing; -- in England, a field of wheat, rye, barley, or oats; in America, a field of Indian corn.
marian a.
Pertaining to the Virgin Mary, or sometimes to Mary, Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII.
noontide n.
The time of noon; midday. [From noon + tide time; cf. AS. n the ninth hour.]
drank n.
Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Cf. 3d Drake.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
listless a.
Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless. [OE. listles, lustles. See Lust.]
wondered a.
Having performed wonders; able to perform wonderful things.
ache n.
A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. Holland. [F. ache, L. apium parsley.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Songs in a Cornfield is in the public domain. This text is taken from Goblin Market, The Prince's Progress, and Other Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #16950; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Christina Rossetti, Songs in a Cornfield, in Goblin Market and Other Poems (1862), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16950, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/rossetti-goblin-market/songs-in-a-cornfield.html, id L04304.

Form and metre

Songs in a Cornfield is 117 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 6.0 syllables. 32 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 30% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic trimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -ABA-CBC cornfield · fallA · reapingB · allA · lettice · mayC · singB · awayC
  2. 2 -ABABA to · stayA · seaB · dayA · seaB · hayA
  3. 3 -A-A-BCB-CACDCDC yellow · greyA · laugh · sayA · to · homeB · morrowC · comeB · joy · sorrowC · dayA · morrowC · weepD · sorrowC · sleepD · morrowC
  4. 4 -A-A rachel · weatherA · them · togetherA
  5. 5 -ABACDCDCDCD-E-E-E-ABA arm · aboveA · bosomB · loveA · fieldsC · glowethD · fieldsC · blowethD · fieldsC · showethD · fieldsC · growethD · winter · deadE · veered · fledE · remaineth · breadE · wheat · doveA · bosomB · loveA
  6. 6 -A-A-B-B-B heat · toilA · sleep · coilA · beast · couldB · paused · stoodB · refreshed · goodB
  7. 7 -A-A ease · byA · strain · sighA
  8. 8 AABBA swallowA · followA · stayB · wayB · swallowA
  9. 9 AABBA swallowA · followA · wayB · dayB · swallowA
  10. 10 AABBA swallowA · followA · wayB · stayB · swallowA
  11. 11 -A-A-A-A head · sheavesA · voice · grievesA · wont · sheavesA · sing · grievesA
  12. 12 AAAA smiteA · biteA · nightA · delightA
  13. 13 AAAA breakA · wakeA · acheA · sakeA
  14. 14 AAAA belowA · snowA · growA · slowA
  15. 15 -AAA beneath · deathA · breathA · deathA
  16. 16 AB-BAC-C dayA · weepingB · morrow · sleepingB · dayA · allC · hair · callC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic trimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A song in a cornfield6····/·
Where corn begins to fall,6··˘/··
Where reapers are reaping,6·/˘·/˘
Reaping one, reaping all.6/˘·/˘·
Sing pretty Lettice,5·/˘/˘
Sing Rachel, sing May;5·/˘··
Only Marian cannot sing8/˘/˘˘˘/·
While her sweetheart's away.6··/·˘/
Where is he gone to5·····
And why does he stay?5·····
He came across the green sea7··˘/···
But for a day,4····
Across the deep green sea6˘/····
To help with the hay.5·····
His hair was curly yellow7···/˘/˘
And his eyes were grey,5·····
He laughed a merry laugh7··˘·/˘·
And said a sweet say.5·····
Where is he gone to5·····
That he comes not home?5·····
To-day or to-morrow6····/˘
He surely will come.5·/˘··
Let him haste to joy5·····
Lest he lag for sorrow,6····/˘
For one weeps to-day5·····
Who'll not weep to-morrow:6····/˘
To-day she must weep5·····
For gnawing sorrow,5·/˘/˘
To-night she may sleep5·····
And not wake to-morrow.6····/˘
May sang with Rachel5···/˘
In the waxing warm weather,7··/˘·/˘
Lettice sang with them,5/˘···
They sang all together:--6···˘/˘
'Take the wheat in your arm6······
Whilst day is broad above,6······
Take the wheat to your bosom,7·····/˘
But not a false love.5·····
Out in the fields4····
Summer heat gloweth,5/˘·/˘
Out in the fields4····
Summer wind bloweth,5/˘·/˘
Out in the fields4····
Summer friend showeth,5/˘·/˘
Out in the fields4····
Summer wheat groweth;5/˘·/˘
But in the winter5···/˘
When summer heat is dead6·/˘···
And summer wind has veered7·/˘···˘
And summer friend has fled,6·/˘···
Only summer wheat remaineth,8/˘/˘·˘/˘
White cakes and bread.4····
Take the wheat, clasp the wheat6······
That's food for maid and dove;6······
Take the wheat to your bosom,7·····/˘
But not a false false love.'6······
A silence of full noontide heat8·/˘··/˘·
Grew on them at their toil:6······
The farmer's dog woke up from sleep,8·/˘·····
The green snake hid her coil.6······
Where grass stood thickest, bird and beast8···/˘···
Sought shadows as they could,6·/····
The reaping men and women paused8·/˘··/˘·
And sat down where they stood;6······
They ate and drank and were refreshed,8······˘/
For rest from toil is good.6······
While the reapers took their ease,7··/˘···
Their sickles lying by,6·/˘/˘·
Rachel sang a second strain,7/˘··/˘·
And singing seemed to sigh:--7·/˘·˘··
'There goes the swallow--5···/˘
Could we but follow!5···/˘
Hasty swallow stay,5/˘/˘·
Point us out the way;5·····
Look back swallow, turn back swallow, stop swallow.11··/˘··/˘·/˘
'There went the swallow--5···/˘
Too late to follow:5···/˘
Lost our note of way,6·/˘···
Lost our chance to-day;6·/˘···
Good bye swallow, sunny swallow, wise swallow.11··/˘/˘/˘·/˘
'After the swallow5···/˘
All sweet things follow:5···/˘
All things go their way,5·····
Only we must stay,5/˘···
Must not follow; good bye swallow, good swallow.'11··/˘··/˘·/˘
Then listless Marian raised her head8·/˘/˘···
Among the nodding sheaves;6···/˘·
Her voice was sweeter than that voice;8···/˘···
She sang like one who grieves:6······
Her voice was sweeter than its wont8···/˘···
Among the nodding sheaves;6···/˘·
All wondered while they heard her sing8·/˘·····
Like one who hopes and grieves:--6······
'Deeper than the hail can smite,7/˘·····
Deeper than the frost can bite,7/˘·····
Deep asleep through day and night,7·˘/····
Our delight.4/˘˘/
'Now thy sleep no pang can break,7·······
No to-morrow bid thee wake,7··/˘···
Not our sobs who sit and ache8·/˘·····
For thy sake.3···
'Is it dark or light below?7·······
Oh, but is it cold like snow?7·······
Dost thou feel the green things grow7·······
Fast or slow?3···
'Is it warm or cold beneath,7·······
Oh, but is it cold like death?7·······
Cold like death, without a breath,7·······
Cold like death?'3···
If he comes to-day5·····
He will find her weeping;6····/˘
If he comes to-morrow6····/˘
He will find her sleeping;6····/˘
If he comes the next day6······
He'll not find her at all,6······
He may tear his curling hair,7····/˘·
Beat his breast and call.5·····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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