A Year's Windfalls

Christina Rossetti (1830–1894) · 1862

iambic trimeter · 96 lines · from Goblin Market and Other Poems

On the wind of JanuaryDown flits the snow,Travelling from the frozen NorthAs cold as it can blow.Poor robin redbreast,Look where he comes;Let him in to feel your fire,And toss him of your crumbs.

On the wind in FebruarySnowflakes float still,Half inclined to turn to rain,Nipping, dripping, chill.Then the thaws swell the streams,And swollen rivers swell the sea:--If the winter ever endsHow pleasant it will be!

In the wind of windy MarchThe catkins drop down,Curly, caterpillar-like,Curious green and brown.With concourse of nest-building birdsAnd leaf-buds by the way,We begin to think of flowersAnd life and nuts some day.

With the gusts of AprilRich fruit-tree blossoms fall,On the hedged-in orchard-green,From the southern wall.Apple-trees and pear-treesShed petals white or pink,Plum-trees and peach-trees;While sharp showers sink and sink.

Little brings the May breezeBeside pure scent of flowers,While all things wax and nothing wanesIn lengthening daylight hours.Across the hyacinth bedsThe wind lags warm and sweet,Across the hawthorn tops,Across the blades of wheat.

In the wind of sunny JuneThrives the red rose crop,Every day fresh blossoms blowWhile the first leaves drop;White rose and yellow roseAnd moss-rose choice to find,And the cottage cabbage-roseNot one whit behind.

On the blast of scorched JulyDrives the pelting hail,From thunderous lightning-clouds, that blotBlue heaven grown lurid-pale.Weedy waves are tossed ashore,Sea-things strange to sightGasp upon the barren shoreAnd fade away in light.

In the parching August windCorn-fields bow the head,Sheltered in round valley depths,On low hills outspread.Early leaves drop loitering downWeightless on the breeze,First fruits of the year's decayFrom the withering trees.

In brisk wind of SeptemberThe heavy-headed fruitsShake upon their bending boughsAnd drop from the shoots;Some glow golden in the sun,Some show green and streaked,Some set forth a purple bloom,Some blush rosy-cheeked.

In strong blast of OctoberAt the equinox,Stirred up in his hollow bedBroad ocean rocks;Plunge the ships on his bosom,Leaps and plunges the foam,--It's oh! for mothers' sons at sea,That they were safe at home.

In slack wind of NovemberThe fog forms and shifts;All the world comes out againWhen the fog lifts.Loosened from their sapless twigsLeaves drop with every gust;Drifting, rustling, out of sightIn the damp or dust.

Last of all, December,The year's sands nearly run,Speeds on the shortest day,Curtails the sun;With its bleak raw windLays the last leaves low,Brings back the nightly frosts,Brings back the snow.

Words in this poem 16
january n.
The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days. [L. Januarius, fr. Janus an old Latin deity, the god of the sun and the year, to whom the month of January was sacred; cf. janua a door, Skr. ya to go.]
dripping n.
A falling in drops, or the sound so made.
curious a.
Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]
concourse n.
A moving, flowing, or running together; confluence. [F. concours, L. concursus, fr. concurrere to run together. See Concur.]
daylight n.
The light of day as opposed to the darkness of night; the light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or to artificial light.
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
whit n.
The smallest part or particle imaginable; a bit; a jot; an iota; -- generally used in an adverbial phrase in a negative sentence. [OE. wight, wiht, AS. wiht a creature, a thing. See Wight, and cf. Aught, Naught.]
thunderous a.
Producing thunder. [Written also thundrous.]
weedy a.
Of or pertaining to weeds; consisting of weeds.
gasp v. i.
To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. gäspa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]
parching a.
Scorching; burning; drying.
outspread v. t.
To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.
weightless a.
Having no weight; imponderable; hence, light.
withering a.
Tending to wither; causing to shrink or fade.
sapless a.
Destitute of sap; not juicy.
nightly a.
Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or done by night, or every night; as, nightly shades; he kept nightly vigils.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Year's Windfalls is in the public domain. This text is taken from Goblin Market, The Prince's Progress, and Other Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #16950; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Christina Rossetti, A Year's Windfalls, in Goblin Market and Other Poems (1862), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16950, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/rossetti-goblin-market/a-year-s-windfalls.html, id L04305.

Form and metre

A Year's Windfalls is 96 lines in 12 stanzas of 8 lines each. The metre is iambic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 6.3 syllables. 13 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 34% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic trimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A-B-B january · snowA · north · blowA · redbreast · comesB · fire · crumbsB
  2. 2 -A-A-B-B february · stillA · rain · chillA · streams · seaB · ends · beB
  3. 3 -A-A-B-B march · downA · like · brownA · birds · wayB · flowers · dayB
  4. 4 AA-ABCBC aprilA · fallA · green · wallA · treesB · pinkC · treesB · sinkC
  5. 5 AA-A-B-B breezeA · flowersA · wanes · hoursA · beds · sweetB · tops · wheatB
  6. 6 -A-ABCBC june · cropA · blow · dropA · roseB · findC · roseB · behindC
  7. 7 -A-ABCBC july · hailA · blot · paleA · ashoreB · sightC · shoreB · lightC
  8. 8 -A-A-B-B wind · headA · depths · outspreadA · down · breezeB · decay · treesB
  9. 9 -A-A-B-B september · fruitsA · boughs · shootsA · sun · streakedB · bloom · cheekedB
  10. 10 -A-ABB-B october · equinoxA · bed · rocksA · bosomB · foamB · sea · homeB
  11. 11 -A-A-B-B november · shiftsA · again · liftsA · twigs · gustB · sight · dustB
  12. 12 -A-A-B-B december · runA · day · sunA · wind · lowB · frosts · snowB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic trimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
On the wind of January8····/˘·˘
Down flits the snow,4····
Travelling from the frozen North8/˘˘··/˘·
As cold as it can blow.6······
Poor robin redbreast,5·/˘/˘
Look where he comes;4····
Let him in to feel your fire,8······/˘
And toss him of your crumbs.6······
On the wind in February8····/˘·˘
Snowflakes float still,4/···
Half inclined to turn to rain,8·˘/˘····
Nipping, dripping, chill.5/˘/˘·
Then the thaws swell the streams,6······
And swollen rivers swell the sea:--8·/˘/˘···
If the winter ever ends7··/˘/˘·
How pleasant it will be!6·/˘···
In the wind of windy March7····/˘·
The catkins drop down,5·/˘··
Curly, caterpillar-like,7/˘/˘·˘·
Curious green and brown.6/˘˘···
With concourse of nest-building birds8·/···/˘·
And leaf-buds by the way,6······
We begin to think of flowers8·˘/···/˘
And life and nuts some day.6······
With the gusts of April6····/˘
Rich fruit-tree blossoms fall,6···/˘·
On the hedged-in orchard-green,8···˘·/˘·
From the southern wall.5··/˘·
Apple-trees and pear-trees6/˘····
Shed petals white or pink,6·/˘···
Plum-trees and peach-trees;5·····
While sharp showers sink and sink.7··/˘···
Little brings the May breeze6/˘····
Beside pure scent of flowers,7˘/···/˘
While all things wax and nothing wanes8·····/˘·
In lengthening daylight hours.8·/˘˘/·/˘
Across the hyacinth beds7˘/·/˘··
The wind lags warm and sweet,6······
Across the hawthorn tops,6˘/·/··
Across the blades of wheat.6˘/····
In the wind of sunny June7····/˘·
Thrives the red rose crop,5·····
Every day fresh blossoms blow8/˘˘··/˘·
While the first leaves drop;5·····
White rose and yellow rose6···/˘·
And moss-rose choice to find,6······
And the cottage cabbage-rose7··/˘/˘·
Not one whit behind.5·····
On the blast of scorched July8·····˘˘/
Drives the pelting hail,5··/˘·
From thunderous lightning-clouds, that blot8·/˘/˘···
Blue heaven grown lurid-pale.7·/˘·/˘·
Weedy waves are tossed ashore,8/˘···˘˘/
Sea-things strange to sight5·····
Gasp upon the barren shore7····/˘·
And fade away in light.6··˘/··
In the parching August wind7··/˘/˘·
Corn-fields bow the head,5·····
Sheltered in round valley depths,8/˘˘··/˘·
On low hills outspread.5···˘/
Early leaves drop loitering down8/˘··/˘˘·
Weightless on the breeze,5/˘···
First fruits of the year's decay7·····˘/
From the withering trees.6··/˘˘·
In brisk wind of September7····˘/˘
The heavy-headed fruits6·/˘/˘·
Shake upon their bending boughs7····/˘·
And drop from the shoots;5·····
Some glow golden in the sun,7··/˘···
Some show green and streaked,5·····
Some set forth a purple bloom,7····/˘·
Some blush rosy-cheeked.5··/˘·
In strong blast of October7····˘/˘
At the equinox,5··/˘·
Stirred up in his hollow bed8·˘···/˘·
Broad ocean rocks;4·/˘·
Plunge the ships on his bosom,7·····/˘
Leaps and plunges the foam,--6··/˘··
It's oh! for mothers' sons at sea,8···/˘···
That they were safe at home.6······
In slack wind of November7····˘/˘
The fog forms and shifts;5·····
All the world comes out again7·····˘/
When the fog lifts.4····
Loosened from their sapless twigs8/˘˘··/˘·
Leaves drop with every gust;7···/˘˘·
Drifting, rustling, out of sight7/˘/˘···
In the damp or dust.5·····
Last of all, December,6···˘/˘
The year's sands nearly run,6···/˘·
Speeds on the shortest day,6···/˘·
Curtails the sun;4˘/··
With its bleak raw wind5·····
Lays the last leaves low,5·····
Brings back the nightly frosts,6···/˘·
Brings back the snow.4····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Christina Rossetti