To God
O! Thou, infinite in space,Existing in the motion of matter,Eternal amidst the mutations of time,Without person, in three persons the Divinity!The single and omnipresent spirit,To whom there is neither place nor cause,Whom none could ever comprehend,Who fillest all things with thyself,Embracest, animatest, and preservest them,Thou whom we denominate God!
Although a sublime mind might be ableTo measure the depths of ocean,To count the sands, the rays of the planets,To thee there is neither number nor measure!Enlightened spirits, althoughProceeding from thy light,Cannot penetrate thy judgments;Thought scarce dare lift itself to thee;It is lost in thy greatness,Like the past moment in eternity.
Thou calledst chaos into existence,Before time, from the abyss of eternity,And eternity, existing prior to all ages,Thou foundedst within thyself.Constituting thyself of thyself,By means of thyself shining from thyself,Thou art the light from which light first flowed;Creating all things by a single word,Extending thyself throughout the new creation,Thou wast, thou art, thou shalt be for ever!
Thou unitest within thyself the chain of beings,Upholdest and animatest it,Thou connectest the end with the beginning,And through death bestowest life.As sparks shoot forth and scatter themselves,Thus suns are born of thee:As, in a cold and clear winter's day,Particles of frost scintillate,Whirl about, reel, and glisten,Even so do the stars in the abysses beneath thee!
Millions of lighted torchesFly throughout infinite space,They execute thy laws,And shed life-creating rays.But these fiery luminaries,Or shining masses of crystal,Or crowds of boiling golden waves,Or blazing ether,Or all the dazzling worlds united--Compared to thee are like night compared to day.
Like a drop of water cast into the oceanIs this whole firmament compared to thee.But what is the universe which I behold,And who am I, in thy presence?Were I to add to the millions of worldsExisting in the ocean of air,A hundred fold as many other worlds--and thenDare to compare them to thee,They would scarcely appear an atom,And I compared to thee--nothing!
Nothing! yet thou shinest in meThrough thy great goodness:In me thou imagest thyself,As the sun is reflected in a small drop of water.Nothing! yet I am sensible of my existence,By an indescribable longing I ascendSteadfastly to a higher region:My soul hopes to be even as thou,It inquires, meditates, reasons;I am, and doubtless thou must be.
THOU ART! the order of nature proclaims it;My heart declares it to be so,My mind assures me of it.Thou art! and I am not, therefore, nothing!I am a particle of the whole universe,Placed, as I think, in that importantMiddle point of being,Where thou finishedst mortal creatures,Where thou began'st heavenly spirits,And the chain of all beings unitedst by me.
I am the bond of worlds existing everywhere;I am the extreme grade of matter;I am the centre of living things,The commencing trait of the Divinity;My body will resolve itself into ashes,My mind commands the thunder.I am a king, a slave, a worm, a god!But, being thus wonderful,From whence have I proceeded? This is unknown.But I could not have existed of myself!
I am thy work, Creator!I am the creature of thy supreme wisdom,Fountain of life, Giver of blessings,Soul and monarch of my soul!It was necessary to thy justiceThat my immortal beingShould traverse the abyss of death,That my spirit should be veiled in perishable matter,And that through death I should return,Father! to thy immortality!
Inexplicable, incomprehensible Being!I know that the imaginingsOf my soul are unableEven to sketch thy shadow!But, if it be our duty to praise thee,Then it is impossible for weak mortalsOtherwise to render thee homageThan, simply, to lift their hearts to thee,To give way to boundless joy,And shed tears of gratitude!
Words in this poem 15
- amidst prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- omnipresent a.
- Present in all places at the same time; ubiquitous; as, the omnipresent Jehovah. Prior. [Omni- + present: cf.F. omniprésent.]
- scarce a.
- Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
- chaos n.
- An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
- wast
- The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style.
- shalt
- 2d per. sing. of Shall.
- scintillate v. i.
- To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles. [L. scintillare, scintillatum, from scintilla a spark. Cf. Stencil.]
- firmament n.
- Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
- indescribable a.
- Incapable of being described.
- steadfastly adv.
- In a steadfast manner; firmly.
- doubtless a.
- Free from fear or suspicion.
- centre v. i.
- To be placed in a center; to be central.
- trait n.
- A stroke; a touch. [F., fr. L. tractus, fr. trahere to draw. See Trace, v., and cf. Tract a region, Trace a strap, Tret.]
- giver n.
- One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.
- veiled a.
- Covered by, or as by, a veil; hidden.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To God is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Bakchesarian Fountain and Other Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #8192; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Alexander Pushkin, To God, in The Bakchesarian Fountain and Other Poems (1849), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8192, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/pushkin-bakchesarian/by-derjavin-2.html, id L25574.
Form and metre
To God is 110 lines in 11 stanzas of 10 lines each. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 78%).
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 3 ---AAA---- existence · eternity · ages · thyselfA · thyselfA · thyselfA · flowed · word · creation · ever
- 4 -----A---A beings · it · beginning · life · themselves · theeA · day · scintillate · glisten · theeA
- 5 A-AAA----- torchesA · space · lawsA · raysA · luminariesA · crystal · waves · ether · united · day
- 6 -A-----A-- ocean · theeA · behold · presence · worlds · air · then · theeA · atom · nothing
- 7 A--------A meA · goodness · thyself · water · existence · ascend · region · thou · reasons · beA
- 8 A-A------- itA · so · itA · nothing · universe · important · being · creatures · spirits · me
- 11 ----A--A-- being · imaginings · unable · shadow · theeA · mortals · homage · theeA · joy · gratitude
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| O! Thou, infinite in space, | 7 | ··/˘˘·· |
| Existing in the motion of matter, | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘·/˘ |
| Eternal amidst the mutations of time, | 11 | ˘/˘˘/·˘/˘·· |
| Without person, in three persons the Divinity! | 12 | ··/˘··/˘·˘/˘ |
| The single and omnipresent spirit, | 9 | ·/˘··˘/˘/ |
| To whom there is neither place nor cause, | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| Whom none could ever comprehend, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Who fillest all things with thyself, | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| Embracest, animatest, and preservest them, | 10 | ˘/˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Thou whom we denominate God! | 8 | ···˘/˘·· |
| Although a sublime mind might be able | 10 | ···˘/···/˘ |
| To measure the depths of ocean, | 8 | ·/˘···/˘ |
| To count the sands, the rays of the planets, | 10 | ········/˘ |
| To thee there is neither number nor measure! | 11 | ····/˘/˘·/˘ |
| Enlightened spirits, although | 8 | ˘/˘˘/˘·· |
| Proceeding from thy light, | 6 | ˘/˘··· |
| Cannot penetrate thy judgments; | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| Thought scarce dare lift itself to thee; | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| It is lost in thy greatness, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Like the past moment in eternity. | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| Thou calledst chaos into existence, | 10 | ···/˘··˘/˘ |
| Before time, from the abyss of eternity, | 11 | ·····˘/·˘/˘ |
| And eternity, existing prior to all ages, | 12 | ·˘/˘˘/˘/··/˘ |
| Thou foundedst within thyself. | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Constituting thyself of thyself, | 9 | /˘·˘˘/·˘/ |
| By means of thyself shining from thyself, | 10 | ···˘//˘·˘/ |
| Thou art the light from which light first flowed; | 9 | ········· |
| Creating all things by a single word, | 10 | ˘/˘····/˘· |
| Extending thyself throughout the new creation, | 12 | ˘/˘˘/····˘/˘ |
| Thou wast, thou art, thou shalt be for ever! | 9 | ········/ |
| Thou unitest within thyself the chain of beings, | 12 | ·/˘··˘/···/˘ |
| Upholdest and animatest it, | 8 | ˘/˘·/˘˘· |
| Thou connectest the end with the beginning, | 11 | ·˘/˘····˘/˘ |
| And through death bestowest life. | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| As sparks shoot forth and scatter themselves, | 9 | ·····/˘˘/ |
| Thus suns are born of thee: | 6 | ······ |
| As, in a cold and clear winter's day, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Particles of frost scintillate, | 8 | /˘˘··/˘˘ |
| Whirl about, reel, and glisten, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Even so do the stars in the abysses beneath thee! | 13 | /······˘/˘··· |
| Millions of lighted torches | 7 | /˘·/˘/˘ |
| Fly throughout infinite space, | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| They execute thy laws, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| And shed life-creating rays. | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| But these fiery luminaries, | 9 | ··/˘˘/˘·˘ |
| Or shining masses of crystal, | 8 | ·/˘/˘·/˘ |
| Or crowds of boiling golden waves, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Or blazing ether, | 5 | ·/˘/˘ |
| Or all the dazzling worlds united-- | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| Compared to thee are like night compared to day. | 11 | ˘/·····˘/·· |
| Like a drop of water cast into the ocean | 11 | ····/˘····/ |
| Is this whole firmament compared to thee. | 10 | ···/˘˘˘/·· |
| But what is the universe which I behold, | 11 | ····/˘···˘/ |
| And who am I, in thy presence? | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Were I to add to the millions of worlds | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| Existing in the ocean of air, | 8 | ˘/˘··/·· |
| A hundred fold as many other worlds--and then | 11 | ·/˘··//˘··· |
| Dare to compare them to thee, | 7 | ··˘/··· |
| They would scarcely appear an atom, | 9 | ··/˘˘/·/˘ |
| And I compared to thee--nothing! | 8 | ··˘/··/˘ |
| Nothing! yet thou shinest in me | 8 | /˘··/˘·· |
| Through thy great goodness: | 5 | ···/˘ |
| In me thou imagest thyself, | 8 | ···/˘˘˘/ |
| As the sun is reflected in a small drop of water. | 14 | ····˘/˘·····/˘ |
| Nothing! yet I am sensible of my existence, | 12 | /˘···/˘··˘/˘ |
| By an indescribable longing I ascend | 11 | ···˘/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Steadfastly to a higher region: | 9 | /·˘··/˘/˘ |
| My soul hopes to be even as thou, | 8 | ·····/·· |
| It inquires, meditates, reasons; | 9 | ·˘/˘/˘·/˘ |
| I am, and doubtless thou must be. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| THOU ART! the order of nature proclaims it; | 11 | ···/˘·/˘˘/· |
| My heart declares it to be so, | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| My mind assures me of it. | 7 | ··˘/··· |
| Thou art! and I am not, therefore, nothing! | 10 | ········/˘ |
| I am a particle of the whole universe, | 11 | ···/˘···/˘· |
| Placed, as I think, in that important | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| Middle point of being, | 6 | /˘··/˘ |
| Where thou finishedst mortal creatures, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Where thou began'st heavenly spirits, | 9 | ····/˘˘/˘ |
| And the chain of all beings unitedst by me. | 12 | ·····/˘····· |
| I am the bond of worlds existing everywhere; | 12 | ······˘/˘/˘· |
| I am the extreme grade of matter; | 9 | ···˘/··/˘ |
| I am the centre of living things, | 9 | ···/˘·/˘· |
| The commencing trait of the Divinity; | 10 | ·˘/˘···˘/˘ |
| My body will resolve itself into ashes, | 12 | ·/˘·˘/˘/··/˘ |
| My mind commands the thunder. | 7 | ··˘/·/˘ |
| I am a king, a slave, a worm, a god! | 10 | ·········· |
| But, being thus wonderful, | 7 | ·/˘·/˘˘ |
| From whence have I proceeded? This is unknown. | 11 | ····˘/˘··˘/ |
| But I could not have existed of myself! | 11 | ·····˘/˘··/ |
| I am thy work, Creator! | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| I am the creature of thy supreme wisdom, | 11 | ···/˘··˘//˘ |
| Fountain of life, Giver of blessings, | 9 | /˘··/˘·/˘ |
| Soul and monarch of my soul! | 7 | ··/···· |
| It was necessary to thy justice | 10 | ··/˘·˘··/˘ |
| That my immortal being | 7 | ··˘/˘/˘ |
| Should traverse the abyss of death, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| That my spirit should be veiled in perishable matter, | 11 | ··/····/˘/˘ |
| And that through death I should return, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Father! to thy immortality! | 9 | /˘···˘/˘˘ |
| Inexplicable, incomprehensible Being! | 10 | ·˘/˘˘·˘/˘/ |
| I know that the imaginings | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Of my soul are unable | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Even to sketch thy shadow! | 7 | /˘···/· |
| But, if it be our duty to praise thee, | 10 | ····//˘··· |
| Then it is impossible for weak mortals | 10 | ···˘/˘··/˘ |
| Otherwise to render thee homage | 9 | /˘··/˘·/˘ |
| Than, simply, to lift their hearts to thee, | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| To give way to boundless joy, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| And shed tears of gratitude! | 7 | ····/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.