Hiawatha’s Childhood

Mary E. Burt (1850–1918) · 1904

trochaic tetrameter · 95 lines · from Poems Every Child Should Know

By the shores of Gitche Gumee,By the shining Big-Sea-Water,Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.Dark behind it rose the forest,Rose the black and gloomy pine-trees,Rose the firs with cones upon them;Bright before it beat the water,Beat the clear and sunny water,Beat the shining Big-Sea-Water.

There the wrinkled old NokomisNursed the little Hiawatha,Rocked him in his linden cradle,Bedded soft in moss and rushes,Safely bound with reindeer sinews;Stilled his fretful wail by saying,“Hush! the Naked Bear will hear thee!”Lulled him into slumber, singing,“Ewa-yea! my little owlet!Who is this that lights the wigwam?With his great eyes lights the wigwam?Ewa-yea! my little owlet!”

Many things Nokomis taught himOf the stars that shine in heaven;Showed him Ishkoodah, the comet,Ishkoodah, with fiery tresses;Showed the Death-Dance of the spirits,Warriors with their plumes and war-clubs,Flaring far away to northwardIn the frosty nights of winter;Showed the broad, white road in heaven,Pathway of the ghosts, the shadows,Running straight across the heavens,Crowded with the ghosts, the shadows.

At the door, on summer evenings,Sat the little Hiawatha;Heard the whispering of the pine-trees,Heard the lapping of the water,Sounds of music, words of wonder;“Minnie-wawa!” said the pine-trees,“Mudway-aushka!” said the water;Saw the fire-fly, Wah-wah-taysee,Flitting through the dusk of evening,With the twinkle of its candleLighting up the brakes and bushes,And he sang the song of children.Sang the song Nokomis taught him:“Wah-wah-taysee, little fire-fly,Little, flitting, white-fire insect,Little, dancing, white-fire creature,Light me with your little candle,Ere upon my bed I lay me,Ere in sleep I close my eyelids!”

Saw the moon rise from the waterRippling, rounding from the water,Saw the flecks and shadows on it,Whispered, “What is that, Nokomis?”And the good Nokomis answered:“Once a warrior, very angry,Seized his grandmother, and threw herUp into the sky at midnight;Right against the moon he threw her;’Tis her body that you see there.”

Saw the rainbow in the heaven,In the eastern sky, the rainbow,Whispered, “What is that, Nokomis?”And the good Nokomis answered:“Tis the heaven of flowers you see there;All the wild-flowers of the forest,All the lilies of the prairie,When on earth they fade and perish,Blossom in that heaven above us.”

When he heard the owls at midnight,Hooting, laughing in the forest,“What is that?” he cried, in terror;“What is that,” he said, “Nokomis?”And the good Nokomis answered:“That is but the owl and owlet,Talking in their native language,Talking, scolding at each other.”

Then the little HiawathaLearned of every bird its language,Learned their names and all their secrets,How they built their nests in summer,Where they hid themselves in winter,Talked with them whene’er he met them,Called them “Hiawatha’s Chickens.”

Of all beasts he learned the language,Learned their names and all their secrets,How the beavers built their lodges,Where the squirrels hid their acorns,How the reindeer ran so swiftly,Why the rabbit was so timid,Talked with them whene’er he met them,Called them “Hiawatha’s Brothers.”

Words in this poem

wigwam n.
An Indian cabin or hut, usually of a conical form, and made of a framework of poles covered with hides, bark, or mats; -- called also tepee. [Sometimes written also weekwam.] [From the Algonquin or Massachusetts Indian word wek, "his house," or "dwelling place;" with possessive and locative affixes, we-kou-om-ut, "in his (or their) ho]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
bedded a.
Provided with a bed; as, double-bedded room; placed or arranged in a bed or beds.
owlet n.
A small owl; especially, the European species (Athene noctua), and the California flammulated owlet (Megascops flammeolus). Owlet moth (Zoöl.), any noctuid moth. [Dim. of owl. Cf. Howlet.]
northward a.
Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west point. [AS. noredhweard.]
pathway n.
A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.
flitting n.
A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.
twinkle v. i.
To open and shut the eye rapidly; to blink; to wink. [OE. twinklen, AS. twinclian; akin to OE. twinken to blink, wink, G. zwinken, zwinkern, and perhaps to E. twitch.]
rounding a.
Round or nearly round; becoming round; roundish.
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Hiawatha’s Childhood is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems Every Child Should Know The What-Every-Child-Should-Know-Library, Project Gutenberg ebook #16436; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Mary E. Burt, Hiawatha’s Childhood, in Poems Every Child Should Know (1904), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16436, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/poems-every-child/hiawatha-s-childhood.html, id L25211.

Form and metre

Hiawatha’s Childhood is 95 lines in 9 stanzas. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%).

See other poems in trochaic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -ABB---AAA gumee · waterA · nokomisB · nokomisB · forest · trees · them · waterA · waterA · waterA
  2. 2 --------ABBA nokomis · hiawatha · cradle · rushes · sinews · saying · thee · singing · owletA · wigwamB · wigwamB · owletA
  3. 3 -A------AB-B him · heavenA · comet · tresses · spirits · clubs · northward · winter · heavenA · shadowsB · heavens · shadowsB
  4. 4 --AB-ABC-D---C--DC- evenings · hiawatha · treesA · waterB · wonder · treesA · waterB · tayseeC · evening · candleD · bushes · children · him · flyC · insect · creature · candleD · meC · eyelids
  5. 5 AA----B-B- waterA · waterA · it · nokomis · answered · angry · herB · midnight · herB · there
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
By the shores of Gitche Gumee,7·······
By the shining Big-Sea-Water,8··/˘··/˘
Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,8··/˘····
Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.8/˘······
Dark behind it rose the forest,8······/˘
Rose the black and gloomy pine-trees,8····/˘··
Rose the firs with cones upon them;8········
Bright before it beat the water,8······/˘
Beat the clear and sunny water,8····/˘/˘
Beat the shining Big-Sea-Water.8··/˘··/˘
There the wrinkled old Nokomis8··/˘····
Nursed the little Hiawatha,8··/˘·˘/˘
Rocked him in his linden cradle,8····/˘/˘
Bedded soft in moss and rushes,8/˘····/˘
Safely bound with reindeer sinews;8/˘··/···
Stilled his fretful wail by saying,8··/˘··/˘
“Hush! the Naked Bear will hear thee!”8··/˘····
Lulled him into slumber, singing,8····/˘/˘
“Ewa-yea! my little owlet!8····/˘/˘
Who is this that lights the wigwam?8······/˘
With his great eyes lights the wigwam?8······/˘
Ewa-yea! my little owlet!”8····/˘/˘
Many things Nokomis taught him8/˘······
Of the stars that shine in heaven;8······/˘
Showed him Ishkoodah, the comet,8······/˘
Ishkoodah, with fiery tresses;9····/˘˘/˘
Showed the Death-Dance of the spirits,8······/˘
Warriors with their plumes and war-clubs,8/˘······
Flaring far away to northward8/˘·˘/·/˘
In the frosty nights of winter;8··/˘··/˘
Showed the broad, white road in heaven,8······/˘
Pathway of the ghosts, the shadows,8/·····/·
Running straight across the heavens,8/˘·˘/·/˘
Crowded with the ghosts, the shadows.8/˘····/·
At the door, on summer evenings,8····/˘/˘
Sat the little Hiawatha;8··/˘·˘/˘
Heard the whispering of the pine-trees,8··/˘····
Heard the lapping of the water,8··/˘··/˘
Sounds of music, words of wonder;8··/˘··/˘
“Minnie-wawa!” said the pine-trees,8/˘······
“Mudway-aushka!” said the water;8······/˘
Saw the fire-fly, Wah-wah-taysee,8··/·····
Flitting through the dusk of evening,8/˘····/˘
With the twinkle of its candle8··/˘··/˘
Lighting up the brakes and bushes,8/˘····/˘
And he sang the song of children.8······/˘
Sang the song Nokomis taught him:8········
“Wah-wah-taysee, little fire-fly,8····/˘/·
Little, flitting, white-fire insect,8/˘/˘·//·
Little, dancing, white-fire creature,9/˘/˘·/˘/˘
Light me with your little candle,8····/˘/˘
Ere upon my bed I lay me,8········
Ere in sleep I close my eyelids!”8······/·
Saw the moon rise from the water8······/˘
Rippling, rounding from the water,9/˘˘/˘··/˘
Saw the flecks and shadows on it,8····/···
Whispered, “What is that, Nokomis?”8/˘······
And the good Nokomis answered:8······/˘
“Once a warrior, very angry,9··/˘˘/˘/˘
Seized his grandmother, and threw her8··/·˘···
Up into the sky at midnight;8······/·
Right against the moon he threw her;8········
’Tis her body that you see there.”8··/˘····
Saw the rainbow in the heaven,8··/···/˘
In the eastern sky, the rainbow,8··/˘··/·
Whispered, “What is that, Nokomis?”8/˘······
And the good Nokomis answered:8······/˘
“Tis the heaven of flowers you see there;8··/·/···
All the wild-flowers of the forest,9···/˘··/˘
All the lilies of the prairie,8··/˘··/˘
When on earth they fade and perish,8······/˘
Blossom in that heaven above us.”8/˘··/···
When he heard the owls at midnight,8······/·
Hooting, laughing in the forest,8/˘/˘··/˘
“What is that?” he cried, in terror;8······/˘
“What is that,” he said, “Nokomis?”8········
And the good Nokomis answered:8······/˘
“That is but the owl and owlet,8······/˘
Talking in their native language,8/˘··/˘/˘
Talking, scolding at each other.”8/˘/˘··/˘
Then the little Hiawatha8··/˘·˘/˘
Learned of every bird its language,9··/˘˘··/˘
Learned their names and all their secrets,8······/˘
How they built their nests in summer,8······/˘
Where they hid themselves in winter,8···˘/·/˘
Talked with them whene’er he met them,9·········
Called them “Hiawatha’s Chickens.”8···˘/˘/˘
Of all beasts he learned the language,8······/˘
Learned their names and all their secrets,8······/˘
How the beavers built their lodges,8··/˘··/˘
Where the squirrels hid their acorns,8··/˘··/˘
How the reindeer ran so swiftly,8··/···/˘
Why the rabbit was so timid,8··/˘··/˘
Talked with them whene’er he met them,9·········
Called them “Hiawatha’s Brothers.”8···˘/˘/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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