A Visit from St. Nicholas

Mary E. Burt (1850–1918) · 1904

anapaestic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 56 lines · from Poems Every Child Should Know

’Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the houseNot a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there;The children were nestled all snug in their beds,While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;And mamma in her ’kerchief, and I in my cap,Had just settled our brains for a long winter’s nap,When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,I sprang from the bed to see what was the matter.Away to the window I flew like a flash,Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash.The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snowGave the luster of mid-day to objects below,When, what to my wondering eyes should appear,But a miniature sleigh, and eight tiny reindeer.With a little old driver, so lively and quick,I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name:“Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen!On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donder and Blitzen!To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!”As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky;So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,With the sleigh full of toys, and St. Nicholas, too.And then, in a twinkling, I heard on the roofThe prancing and pawing of each little hoof.As I drew in my head, and was turning around,Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot,And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot;A bundle of toys he had flung on his back,And he looked like a peddler just opening his pack.His eyes--how they twinkled! his dimples how merry!His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry!His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,And the beard of his chin was as white as the snow;The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath;He had a broad face and a little round belly,That shook when he laughed, like a bowlful of jelly.He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself;A wink of his eye and a twist of his head,Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread;He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,And filled all the stockings; then turned with a jerk,And laying his finger aside of his nose,And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose;He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,And away they all flew like the down on a thistle.But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight,“Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good-night.”

Words in this poem

chimney n.
A fireplace or hearth. Sir W. Raleigh.
clatter v. i.
To make a rattling sound by striking hard bodies together; to make a succession of abrupt, rattling sounds. [AS. cla a rattle, akin to D. klateren to rattle. Cf. Clack.]
tore n.
The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
miniature n.
Originally, a painting in colors such as those in mediæval manuscripts; in modern times, any very small painting, especially a portrait. [It. miniatura, fr. L. miniare. See Miniate, v.,Minium.]
nick n.
A notch cut into something; as: (a) A score for keeping an account; a reckoning. [Akin to Nock.]
dasher n.
That which dashes or agitates; as, the dasher of a churn.
prancer n.
A horse which prances.
cupid
The god of love, son of Venus; usually represented as a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow. [L.Cupido, fr. cupido desire, desire of love, fr. cupidus. See Cupidity.]
twinkling n.
The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
chubby a.
Like a chub; plump, short, and thick.
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Visit from St. Nicholas is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems Every Child Should Know The What-Every-Child-Should-Know-Library, Project Gutenberg ebook #16436; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Mary E. Burt, A Visit from St. Nicholas, in Poems Every Child Should Know (1904), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16436, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/poems-every-child/a-visit-from-st-nicholas.html, id L25180.

Form and metre

A Visit from St. Nicholas is 56 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 93% of the lines. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%).

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJ--KKLLMMNNOOPPQQRR--SSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZ houseA · mouseA · careB · thereB · bedsC · headsC · capD · napD · clatterE · matterE · flashF · sashF · snowG · belowG · appearH · reindeerH · quickI · nickI · cameJ · nameJ · vixen · blitzen · wallK · allK · flyL · skyL · flewM · tooM · roofN · hoofN · aroundO · boundO · footP · sootP · backQ · packQ · merryR · cherryR · bow · snow · teethS · wreathS · bellyT · jellyT · elfU · myselfU · headV · dreadV · workW · jerkW · noseX · roseX · whistleY · thistleY · sightZ · nightZ
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
’Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house12·····/˘·····
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;12··/˘·/˘·/˘··
The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,11·/˘····/˘··
In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there;11····/˘˘····
The children were nestled all snug in their beds,12·/˘·/˘˘·····
While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;12·/˘·/˘··˘···
And mamma in her ’kerchief, and I in my cap,12·/˘··/˘·····
Had just settled our brains for a long winter’s nap,12··/˘/····/˘·
When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,12······˘/··/˘
I sprang from the bed to see what was the matter.12··········/˘
Away to the window I flew like a flash,11˘/··/˘·····
Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash.11·/˘·/˘·····
The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow11········/˘·
Gave the luster of mid-day to objects below,12··/˘····/˘··
When, what to my wondering eyes should appear,11····/˘˘··˘/
But a miniature sleigh, and eight tiny reindeer.12··/˘····/˘/·
With a little old driver, so lively and quick,12··/˘·/˘·/˘··
I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.11····/˘·····
More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,11·/˘·/˘·/˘··
And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name:12··/˘·/˘·····
“Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen!12·/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘
On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donder and Blitzen!12·/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘
To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!12············
Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!”11··˘/·˘/·˘/·
As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,12········/˘··
When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky;12·····/˘˘····
So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,11·······/˘··
With the sleigh full of toys, and St. Nicholas, too.12········/˘˘·
And then, in a twinkling, I heard on the roof12····/˘˘·····
The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.11·/˘·/˘··/˘·
As I drew in my head, and was turning around,12········/˘··
Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.12··/˘·/˘˘····
He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot,12············
And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot;12·····/˘·/˘··
A bundle of toys he had flung on his back,11·/˘········
And he looked like a peddler just opening his pack.12·····/˘·/˘··
His eyes--how they twinkled! his dimples how merry!12····/˘·/˘·/˘
His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry!12····/˘····/˘
His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,11··/˘·······
And the beard of his chin was as white as the snow;12············
The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,11···········
And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath;12····˘/˘·····
He had a broad face and a little round belly,12·······/˘·/˘
That shook when he laughed, like a bowlful of jelly.12··········/˘
He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,12··/˘····/˘··
And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself;12···········/
A wink of his eye and a twist of his head,11···········
Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread;11·······/˘··
He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,11···········
And filled all the stockings; then turned with a jerk,12··˘··/˘·····
And laying his finger aside of his nose,11·/˘·/˘˘/···
And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose;11·/˘····/˘··
He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,12··········/˘
And away they all flew like the down on a thistle.13·˘/········/˘
But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight,12····˘/······
“Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good-night.”12/˘/˘········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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