To Helen
I saw thee once—once only—years ago:I must not say how many—but not many.It was a July midnight; and from outA full-orbed moon, that, like thine own soul, soaring,Sought a precipitate pathway up through heaven,There fell a silvery-silken veil of light,With quietude, and sultriness, and slumber,Upon the upturn’d faces of a thousandRoses that grew in an enchanted garden,Where no wind dared to stir, unless on tiptoe—Fell on the upturn’d faces of these roses,That gave out, in return for the love-light,Their odorous souls in an ecstatic death—Fell on the upturn’d faces of these rosesThat smiled and died in this parterre, enchantedBy thee, and by the poetry of thy presence.
Clad all in white, upon a violet bankI saw thee half reclining; while the moonFell on the upturn’d faces of the roses,And on thine own, upturn’d—alas, in sorrow!
Was it not Fate, that, on this July midnight—Was it not Fate (whose name is also Sorrow)That bade me pause before that garden-gate,To breathe the incense of those slumbering roses?No footstep stirred: the hated world all slept,Save only thee and me. (Oh, Heaven!—oh, God!How my heart beats in coupling those two words!)Save only thee and me. I paused—I looked—And in an instant all things disappeared.(Ah, bear in mind this garden was enchanted!)
The pearly lustre of the moon went out:The mossy banks and the meandering paths,The happy flowers and the repining trees,Were seen no more: the very roses’ odoursDied in the arms of the adoring airs.
All—all expired save thee—save less than thou:Save only the divine light in thine eyes—Save but the soul in thine uplifted eyes.I saw but them—they were the world to me.I saw but them—saw only them for hours—Saw only them until the moon went down.What wild heart-histories seemed to lie enwrittenUpon those crystalline, celestial spheres!How dark a woe! yet how sublime a hope!How silently serene a sea of pride!How daring an ambition! yet how deep—How fathomless a capacity for love!
But now, at length, dear Dian sank from sight,Into a western couch of thunder-cloud;And thou, a ghost, amid the entombing treesDidst glide away. Only thine eyes remained.They would not go—they never yet have gone.Lighting my lonely pathway home that night,They have not left me (as my hopes have) since.They follow me—they lead me through the years.They are my ministers—yet I their slave.Their office is to illumine and enkindle—My duty, to be saved by their bright light,And purified in their electric fire,And sanctified in their elysian fire.They fill my soul with Beauty (which is Hope),And are far up in heaven—the stars I kneel toIn the sad, silent watches of my night;While even in the meridian glare of dayI see them still—two sweetly scintillantVenuses, unextinguished by the sun!
Words in this poem 20
- pathway n.
- A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.
- quietude n.
- Rest; repose; quiet; tranquillity. Shelley. [L. quietudo: cf. F. quiétude.]
- sultriness n.
- The quality or state of being sultry.
- enchanted a.
- Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
- tiptoe n.
- The end, or tip, of the toe.
- parterre n.
- An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on. [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground, L. terra. See Terrace.]
- clad v.
- To clothe. Holland.
- bade
- A form of the pat tense of Bid.
- lustre n.
- A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- fathomless a.
- Incapable of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can not be sounded.
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- didst
- , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
- enkindle v. t.
- To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle.
- sanctified a.
- Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.
- elysian a.
- Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence, yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific. [L. Elysius, fr. Elysium.]
- kneel v. i.
- To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes with down. [OE. knelen, cneolien; akin to D. knielen, Dan. knæle. See Knee.]
- glare v. i.
- To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
- scintillant a.
- Emitting sparks, or fine igneous particles; sparkling. M. [L. scintillans, p.pr. of scintillare to sparkle. See Scintillate.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To Helen is in the public domain. This text is taken from The poetical works of Edgar Allan Poe, Project Gutenberg ebook #79019; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Edgar Allan Poe, To Helen, in The Raven, and Other Poems (1827–1849), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #79019, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/poe-poems/to-helen.html, id L04152.
Form and metre
To Helen is 66 lines in 6 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 83%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.2 syllables. 16 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 18% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 A----B---ACB-C-- agoA · many · out · soaring · heaven · lightB · slumber · thousand · garden · tiptoeA · rosesC · lightB · death · rosesC · enchanted · presence
- 3 -----A---A midnight · sorrow · gate · roses · slept · godA · words · looked · disappeared · enchantedA
- 4 --AA- out · paths · treesA · odoursA · airs
- 5 -AA-A------- thou · eyesA · eyesA · me · hoursA · down · enwritten · spheres · hope · pride · deep · love
- 6 A----A----ABB--A--- sightA · cloud · trees · remained · gone · nightA · since · years · slave · enkindle · lightA · fireB · fireB · hope · to · nightA · day · scintillant · sun
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| I saw thee once—once only—years ago: | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| I must not say how many—but not many. | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| It was a July midnight; and from out | 10 | ···˘//···· |
| A full-orbed moon, that, like thine own soul, soaring, | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Sought a precipitate pathway up through heaven, | 11 | ··˘/˘·/···/ |
| There fell a silvery-silken veil of light, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| With quietude, and sultriness, and slumber, | 11 | ·/˘˘·/˘˘·/˘ |
| Upon the upturn’d faces of a thousand | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| Roses that grew in an enchanted garden, | 11 | /˘····˘/˘/˘ |
| Where no wind dared to stir, unless on tiptoe— | 11 | ·········/· |
| Fell on the upturn’d faces of these roses, | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| That gave out, in return for the love-light, | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| Their odorous souls in an ecstatic death— | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Fell on the upturn’d faces of these roses | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| That smiled and died in this parterre, enchanted | 11 | ······˘/˘/˘ |
| By thee, and by the poetry of thy presence. | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| Clad all in white, upon a violet bank | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| I saw thee half reclining; while the moon | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Fell on the upturn’d faces of the roses, | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| And on thine own, upturn’d—alas, in sorrow! | 11 | ······˘/·/˘ |
| Was it not Fate, that, on this July midnight— | 11 | ·······˘//· |
| Was it not Fate (whose name is also Sorrow) | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| That bade me pause before that garden-gate, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| To breathe the incense of those slumbering roses? | 11 | ···/···/˘/˘ |
| No footstep stirred: the hated world all slept, | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| Save only thee and me. (Oh, Heaven!—oh, God! | 10 | ·/˘····/·· |
| How my heart beats in coupling those two words!) | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Save only thee and me. I paused—I looked— | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| And in an instant all things disappeared. | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| (Ah, bear in mind this garden was enchanted!) | 11 | ·····/˘·˘/˘ |
| The pearly lustre of the moon went out: | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| The mossy banks and the meandering paths, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| The happy flowers and the repining trees, | 10 | ·/˘/······ |
| Were seen no more: the very roses’ odours | 11 | ·····/˘/˘/˘ |
| Died in the arms of the adoring airs. | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| All—all expired save thee—save less than thou: | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Save only the divine light in thine eyes— | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| Save but the soul in thine uplifted eyes. | 10 | ······/˘˘· |
| I saw but them—they were the world to me. | 10 | ·········· |
| I saw but them—saw only them for hours— | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| Saw only them until the moon went down. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| What wild heart-histories seemed to lie enwritten | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| Upon those crystalline, celestial spheres! | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| How dark a woe! yet how sublime a hope! | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| How silently serene a sea of pride! | 10 | ·/˘˘˘/···· |
| How daring an ambition! yet how deep— | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| How fathomless a capacity for love! | 10 | ·/˘˘·˘/˘·· |
| But now, at length, dear Dian sank from sight, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Into a western couch of thunder-cloud; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| And thou, a ghost, amid the entombing trees | 11 | ····˘/·˘/˘· |
| Didst glide away. Only thine eyes remained. | 10 | ··˘//˘··˘/ |
| They would not go—they never yet have gone. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Lighting my lonely pathway home that night, | 10 | /˘·/˘/···· |
| They have not left me (as my hopes have) since. | 10 | ·········· |
| They follow me—they lead me through the years. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| They are my ministers—yet I their slave. | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| Their office is to illumine and enkindle— | 12 | ·/˘··˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| My duty, to be saved by their bright light, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| And purified in their electric fire, | 11 | ·/˘···˘/˘/˘ |
| And sanctified in their elysian fire. | 11 | ·/˘˘··˘/˘/˘ |
| They fill my soul with Beauty (which is Hope), | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And are far up in heaven—the stars I kneel to | 11 | ·····/····· |
| In the sad, silent watches of my night; | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| While even in the meridian glare of day | 10 | ·/··˘/˘··· |
| I see them still—two sweetly scintillant | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| Venuses, unextinguished by the sun! | 10 | /˘˘······· |
On this poem
Notes from the edition 2
Notes by J. Montgomery Gambrill, Selections from Poe (Boston, 1907; Project Gutenberg #8893).
- Stanza 6, line 1 Dian: Diana, the moon goddess.
- Stanza 6, line 19 Venuses: refers at once to the planet Venus and to Venus, goddess of love.
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.