Homer and Ossian

Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849), translated by John Bowring · 1866

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 60 lines · from Translations from Alexander Petofi, the Magyar Poet

Where are the Greeks? and where the Celtic race?Gone! They have left no trace:Where are the ancient cities which the floodsHave turned to solitudes?Two pillars tower aloft—but to declareWhat glorious things there were!Two grand memorials of the antique man—Homer and Ossian!One was a beggar, one of royal blood—In contrast strange they stood;Yet common links their varied histories bind,For both were blind!And did their fiery spirits steal their sightTo fill their brains with light;Or was that light absorbed in the bright flameOf their eternal fame?They were grand souls, with magic handThey smote the lute, and filled the listening landAs with new messages from God; their armOf power was a resistless witchery's charm;Their wonder-waking influences raised up trainsOf wonderers waking at th' impassioned strains—Hear Homer! hear!His music agitates the heavenly sphere;His brightness from the east is bursting, broughtWestward in currents of harmonious thought,As the day's dawning and the sunbeam's light,Like molten steel in streams and cataracts brightThey move the Ægean ocean in their flow—With greenness gild the Archipelago;Bring men and gods together, and above,Both gods and men spread canopies of love.And there is Ossian!He sits among the mists—the shadowy man!O'er the north-ocean—and his harmoniesBlend with the wild winds and the raging seasUnder the clouded, the mysterious moon,Which rises, and usurps the sun's abandoned throne;A visible darkness o'er the wide, wide wasteStretches its covering—and the night birds, chasedBy the fierce tempest, fly—while hero-ghostsStalk o'er the field where erst the battle hostsClashed and were scattered—all that's grand and glowing,All that is bright, and beautiful, and flowing,White-headed beggar, Homer! all is thine!The grey, the dark, the strange, the misty throngOf shadows, are the enchantments of thy song,Ossian! of kingly line!Then sing, still sing—mount higher, upwards, higher,Smite the lute loudly—smite the golden lyre;Homer and Ossian!Listening to you centuries on centuries ran,And centuries still shall run,Long as the morning's waking sees the sun,Long as the earth shall hail its waking; timeHas stamped its sanction, sacred and sublime,Upon your sovereignty,—High above death—above mortalityYe raise your noble foreheads glory-crowned,And countless ages worship all around.

Words in this poem

glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
resistless a.
Having no power to resist; making no opposition.
impassioned p. p.
Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited; as, an impassioned orator or discourse.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
mortality n.
The condition or quality of being mortal; subjection to death or to the necessity of dying. [L. mortalitas: cf. F. mortalité.]
countless a.
Incapable of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Homer and Ossian is in the public domain. This text is taken from Translations from Alexander Petofi, the Magyar Poet, by Sir John Bowring (London: Trübner & Co., 1866), Internet Archive, the John Bowring translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Sándor Petőfi, Homer and Ossian, in Translations from Alexander Petofi, the Magyar Poet (1866), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/petofi-poems-bowring/homer-and-ossian.html, id L29837.

Form and metre

Homer and Ossian is 60 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 67% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA------BBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMM--NN--OOPPQQRQQR----SSTT--UU raceA · traceA · floods · solitudes · declare · were · man · ossian · bloodB · stoodB · bindC · blindC · sightD · lightD · flameE · fameE · handF · landF · armG · charmG · trainsH · strainsH · hearI · sphereI · broughtJ · thoughtJ · lightK · brightK · flowL · archipelagoL · aboveM · loveM · ossian · man · harmoniesN · seasN · moon · throne · wasteO · chasedO · ghostsP · hostsP · glowingQ · flowingQ · thineR · throngQ · songQ · lineR · higher · lyre · ossian · ran · runS · sunS · timeT · sublimeT · sovereignty · mortality · crownedU · aroundU
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Where are the Greeks? and where the Celtic race?10·······/˘·
Gone! They have left no trace:6······
Where are the ancient cities which the floods10···/˘/˘···
Have turned to solitudes?7··˘·/˘·
Two pillars tower aloft—but to declare10·/˘/˘/··˘/
What glorious things there were!7·/˘˘···
Two grand memorials of the antique man—10··˘/˘··˘/·
Homer and Ossian!5/˘···
One was a beggar, one of royal blood—10···/˘··/˘·
In contrast strange they stood;6·/˘···
Yet common links their varied histories bind,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
For both were blind!4····
And did their fiery spirits steal their sight10···/˘/˘···
To fill their brains with light;6······
Or was that light absorbed in the bright flame10····˘/····
Of their eternal fame?6··˘/˘·
They were grand souls, with magic hand8·····/˘·
They smote the lute, and filled the listening land10·······/˘·
As with new messages from God; their arm9···/˘····
Of power was a resistless witchery's charm;11·/··˘/˘····
Their wonder-waking influences raised up trains11·/˘/˘/·˘···
Of wonderers waking at th' impassioned strains—11····/˘·˘/˘·
Hear Homer! hear!4·/˘·
His music agitates the heavenly sphere;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
His brightness from the east is bursting, brought10·/˘····/˘·
Westward in currents of harmonious thought,10/˘·/˘·˘/˘·
As the day's dawning and the sunbeam's light,10···/˘··/··
Like molten steel in streams and cataracts bright11·/˘····/˘··
They move the Ægean ocean in their flow—8····/···
With greenness gild the Archipelago;10·/˘···˘/˘·
Bring men and gods together, and above,10····˘/˘···
Both gods and men spread canopies of love.9·····/˘··
And there is Ossian!5·····
He sits among the mists—the shadowy man!10·······/˘·
O'er the north-ocean—and his harmonies9···/··/˘˘
Blend with the wild winds and the raging seas10·······/˘·
Under the clouded, the mysterious moon,10···/˘·˘/˘·
Which rises, and usurps the sun's abandoned throne;12·/˘··/··˘/˘·
A visible darkness o'er the wide, wide waste10·/˘/˘·····
Stretches its covering—and the night birds, chased10/˘·/˘·····
By the fierce tempest, fly—while hero-ghosts10···/˘··/˘·
Stalk o'er the field where erst the battle hosts10·······/˘·
Clashed and were scattered—all that's grand and glowing,11···/˘····/˘
All that is bright, and beautiful, and flowing,9·····/˘·/
White-headed beggar, Homer! all is thine!10·/˘/˘/˘···
The grey, the dark, the strange, the misty throng10·······/˘·
Of shadows, are the enchantments of thy song,11·/···˘/˘···
Ossian! of kingly line!6···/˘·
Then sing, still sing—mount higher, upwards, higher,9·····//˘/
Smite the lute loudly—smite the golden lyre;10···/˘··/˘·
Homer and Ossian!5/˘···
Listening to you centuries on centuries ran,10/˘··/˘·/˘·
And centuries still shall run,7·/˘˘···
Long as the morning's waking sees the sun,10···/˘/˘···
Long as the earth shall hail its waking; time10·······/˘·
Has stamped its sanction, sacred and sublime,10···/˘/˘·˘/
Upon your sovereignty,—6···/˘˘
High above death—above mortality9······˘/˘
Ye raise your noble foreheads glory-crowned,10···/˘/·/˘·
And countless ages worship all around.10·/˘/˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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