Section XVI

Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209), translated by James Atkinson · 1836

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 74 lines · from The Loves of Laili and Majnun

O'er Majnún's spirit, long in darkness cast,A fitful gleam of homeward feeling passed;And now he asks for friends he once preferred,Asks for his mother, broken-wingèd bird;And wishes e'en to visit home again—As if the maddening fire had left his brain.Selim at this brief glimpse of reason caught,And to his mother's distant mansion broughtWithout delay the wanderer. Deep her griefTo see how withered was that verdant leaf—To see the red rose faded from his cheek,His eye so altered, and his frame so weak;From head to foot she kisses him, and weeps;His hair, all matted, in her tears she steeps,And clasps him fondly to her beating heart,As if she never from her boy would part:—'My darling child! the love-game thou hast playedHas thus, alas! reduced thee to a shade;In that encounter sad of mortal scatheThou graspedst the two-edged scimitar of death.Thy father gone, his troubles all are past,Heart-broken man! and I shall follow fast.Arise! and enter thy own mansion here;Come, 'tis thy own sweet home, and doubly dear—Thy nest;—and birds, though distant in their flight,Always return to their own nests at night.While yet an infant in thy cradle-bed,I watched thy slumber, pillowed thy sweet head;And canst thou now that mother's fondness see,And mark without remorse her love for thee?Refuse the joy thy presence can impart,And cast a shadow o'er her drooping heart?'A cloud again obscured the orb of day—Again his wavering intellect gave way;'Mother, there is no hope—the time is past;With gloom eternal is my fate o'ercast;No fault of mine—no crime, to press me down—But all my countless woes to thee are known;Like a poor bird within its cage immured,My soul has long this prison-life endured.Ask me not, mother, to remain at home;For there, to me, no peace can ever come.Oh, better will it be for me to stray'Mid mountain-glens, and herd with beasts of prey,Than linger on a spot where human careOnly augments my misery and despair'He ceased, and kissed his mother's feet, and fledPrecipitate along the path which ledTo the wild mountains. Dreadful was the stroke!The mother's heart, like the old father's, broke;In Death's cold ocean, wave thus follows wave;And thus she followed to the silent grave.Selim again the maniac's haunts explored,Again supplied his frugal board,And, with a mournful voice, the tale revealed—Father and mother gone,Himself now left alone,Sole heir—his doom of desolation sealed—He beat his brows, and from his eyesFell tears of blood; his piercing criesRang through the forest, and again,Pouring the saddest, wildest strain,He hastened from his gloomy cave,To weep upon his mother's grave.But when that paroxysm of grief—That agony intense, but brief—Had, like a whirlwind, passed away,And left him in a milder mood,To love and Lailí still a prey,He trod again his mountain-solitude:For what to him was hoarded store,The wealth of parents now no more?Had he not long, ill-fated one!Abandoned all for love alone?

Words in this poem 16
fitful a.
Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable. [From 7th Fit.]
homeward a.
Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
mansion n.
A dwelling place, -- whether a part or whole of a house or other shelter. [OF. mansion, F. maison, fr. L. mansio a staying, remaining, a dwelling, habitation, fr. manere, mansum, to stay, dwell; akin to Gr. Manse, Manor, Menagerie, Men]
fondly adv.
Foolishly. Verstegan (1673).
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
scathe v. t.
To do harm to; to injure; to damage; to waste; to destroy. [Icel. skatha; akin to AS. sceathan, sceth\'eban, Dan. skade, Sw. skada, D. & G. schaden, OHG. scadon, Goth. skaÞjan.]
scimitar n.
A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [F. cimeterre, cf. It. scimitarra, Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan cimetarry with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per. shimshir.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
pillowed a.
Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head resting on, or as on, a pillow.
fondness n.
The quality or state of being fond; foolishness.
countless a.
Incapable of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.
dreadful a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
desolation n.
The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation. [F. désolation, L. desolatio.]
paroxysm n.
The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot.
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Section XVI is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Loves of Laili and Majnun: A Poem from the Original Persian of Nizami, by James Atkinson, edited by the Rev. J. A. Atkinson (London: David Nutt, 1894), reprinting the Oriental Translation Fund edition of 1836, Internet Archive, the James Atkinson translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nizami Ganjavi, Section XVI, in The Loves of Laili and Majnun (1836), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nizami-laili-and-majnun/section-xvi.html, id L29223.

Form and metre

Section XVI is 74 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 70% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABB----CCDD--EEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOO----PPQQRRSSTTUUVVW--WXX--YYZZababcc-- castA · passedA · preferredB · birdB · again · brain · caught · brought · griefC · leafC · cheekD · weakD · weeps · steeps · heartE · partE · playedF · shadeF · scatheG · deathG · pastH · fastH · hereI · dearI · flightJ · nightJ · bedK · headK · seeL · theeL · impartM · heartM · dayN · wayN · pastO · o'ercastO · down · known · immured · endured · homeP · comeP · strayQ · preyQ · careR · despairR · fledS · ledS · strokeT · brokeT · waveU · graveU · exploredV · boardV · revealedW · gone · alone · sealedW · eyesX · criesX · again · strain · caveY · graveY · griefZ · briefZ · awaya · moodb · preya · solitudeb · storec · morec · one · alone
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
O'er Majnún's spirit, long in darkness cast,10···/˘··/˘·
A fitful gleam of homeward feeling passed;10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And now he asks for friends he once preferred,10········˘/
Asks for his mother, broken-wingèd bird;9···/˘/˘··
And wishes e'en to visit home again—10·/˘··/˘·˘/
As if the maddening fire had left his brain.10···/˘/····
Selim at this brief glimpse of reason caught,10·······/˘·
And to his mother's distant mansion brought10···/˘/˘/˘·
Without delay the wanderer. Deep her grief10··˘/·/˘···
To see how withered was that verdant leaf—10···/˘··/˘·
To see the red rose faded from his cheek,10·····/˘···
His eye so altered, and his frame so weak;10···/˘·····
From head to foot she kisses him, and weeps;10·····/˘···
His hair, all matted, in her tears she steeps,10···/˘·····
And clasps him fondly to her beating heart,10···/˘··/˘·
As if she never from her boy would part:—10···/˘·····
'My darling child! the love-game thou hast played10·/˘·······
Has thus, alas! reduced thee to a shade;10··˘/˘/····
In that encounter sad of mortal scathe10··˘/˘··/˘·
Thou graspedst the two-edged scimitar of death.11···········
Thy father gone, his troubles all are past,10·/˘··/˘···
Heart-broken man! and I shall follow fast.10·/˘····/˘·
Arise! and enter thy own mansion here;10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Come, 'tis thy own sweet home, and doubly dear—10·······/˘·
Thy nest;—and birds, though distant in their flight,10·····/˘···
Always return to their own nests at night.10/·˘/······
While yet an infant in thy cradle-bed,10···/˘··/˘·
I watched thy slumber, pillowed thy sweet head;10···/˘/˘···
And canst thou now that mother's fondness see,10·····/˘/˘·
And mark without remorse her love for thee?10····˘/····
Refuse the joy thy presence can impart,10˘/···/˘·˘/
And cast a shadow o'er her drooping heart?'10···/···/˘·
A cloud again obscured the orb of day—10··˘/˘/····
Again his wavering intellect gave way;10˘/·/˘/˘···
'Mother, there is no hope—the time is past;10/˘········
With gloom eternal is my fate o'ercast;10··˘/˘·····
No fault of mine—no crime, to press me down—10··········
But all my countless woes to thee are known;10···/˘·····
Like a poor bird within its cage immured,10··········
My soul has long this prison-life endured.10·····/˘·˘/
Ask me not, mother, to remain at home;10···/˘·˘/··
For there, to me, no peace can ever come.10·······/˘·
Oh, better will it be for me to stray10·/˘·······
'Mid mountain-glens, and herd with beasts of prey,10·/˘·······
Than linger on a spot where human care10·/˘····/˘·
Only augments my misery and despair'10/˘˘/·/˘·˘/
He ceased, and kissed his mother's feet, and fled10·····/˘···
Precipitate along the path which led10˘/˘·˘/····
To the wild mountains. Dreadful was the stroke!10···/˘/˘···
The mother's heart, like the old father's, broke;10·/˘····/˘·
In Death's cold ocean, wave thus follows wave;10···/˘··/˘·
And thus she followed to the silent grave.10···/˘··/˘·
Selim again the maniac's haunts explored,11··˘/·/˘··˘/
Again supplied his frugal board,8˘/˘/·/˘·
And, with a mournful voice, the tale revealed—10···/˘···˘/
Father and mother gone,6/˘·/˘·
Himself now left alone,6˘/··˘/
Sole heir—his doom of desolation sealed—10······˘/˘·
He beat his brows, and from his eyes8········
Fell tears of blood; his piercing cries8·····/˘·
Rang through the forest, and again,8···/˘·˘/
Pouring the saddest, wildest strain,8/˘·/˘/˘·
He hastened from his gloomy cave,9·/˘˘··/˘·
To weep upon his mother's grave.8·····/˘·
But when that paroxysm of grief—8···/˘˘··
That agony intense, but brief—8·/˘˘˘/··
Had, like a whirlwind, passed away,9···/··˘˘/
And left him in a milder mood,8·····/˘·
To love and Lailí still a prey,7·······
He trod again his mountain-solitude:10··˘/·/˘/˘·
For what to him was hoarded store,8·····/˘·
The wealth of parents now no more?8···/˘···
Had he not long, ill-fated one!8·····/˘·
Abandoned all for love alone?9˘/˘˘···˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Nizami Ganjavi