Chapter VIII: The Woman's Legend

Nikolai Nekrasov (1821–1878) · 1917

anapaestic dimeter · 130 lines · from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?

Matrona is silent.You see that the peasantsHave seized the occasion--They are not forgettingTo drink to the healthOf the beautiful lady!But noticing soonThat Matrona is silent,In file they approach her."What more will you tell us?"

"What more?" says Matrona,"My fame as the 'lucky one'Spread through the volost,Since then they have called me'The Governor's Lady.'You ask me, what further?I managed the household,And brought up my children.You ask, was I happy?Well, that you can answerYourselves. And my children?Five sons! But the peasant'sMisfortunes are endless:They've robbed me of one."She lowers her voice,And her lashes are trembling,But turning her headShe endeavours to hide it.The peasants are ratherConfused, but they linger:"Well, neighbour," they say,"Will you tell us no more?"

"There's one thing: You're foolishTo seek among womenFor happiness, brothers."

"That's all?"

"I can tell youThat twice we were swallowedBy fire, and that three timesThe plague fell upon us;But such things are commonTo all of us peasants.Like cattle we toiled,My steps were as easyAs those of a horseIn the plough. But my troublesWere not very startling:No mountains have movedFrom their places to crush me;And God did not strike meWith arrows of thunder.The storm in my soulHas been silent, unnoticed,So how can I paint itTo you? O'er the MotherInsulted and outraged,The blood of her first-bornAs o'er a crushed wormHas been poured; and unansweredThe deadly offencesThat many have dealt her;The knout has been raisedUnopposed o'er her body.But one thing I neverHave suffered: I told youThat Sitnikov died,That the last, irreparableShame had been spared me.You ask me for happiness?Brothers, you mock me!Go, ask the official,The Minister mighty,The Tsar--Little Father,But never a woman!God knows--among womenYour search will be endless,Will lead to your graves.

"A pious old womanOnce asked us for shelter;The whole of her lifetimeThe Flesh she had conqueredBy penance and fasting;She'd bathed in the Jordan,And prayed at the tombOf Christ Jesus. She told usThe keys to the welfareAnd freedom of womenHave long been mislaid--God Himself has mislaid them.And hermits, chaste women,And monks of great learning,Have sought them all overThe world, but not found them.They're lost, and 'tis thoughtBy a fish they've been swallowed.God's knights have been seekingIn towns and in deserts,Weak, starving, and cold,Hung with torturing fetters.They've asked of the seers,The stars they have countedTo learn;--but no keys!Through the world they have journeyed;In underground caverns,In mountains, they've sought them.At last they discoveredSome keys. They were precious,But only--not ours.Yet the warriors triumphed:They fitted the lockOn the fetters of serfdom!A sigh from all overThe world rose to Heaven,A breath of relief,Oh, so deep and so joyful!Our keys were still missing....Great champions, though,Till to-day are still searching,Deep down in the bedOf the ocean they wander,They fly to the skies,In the clouds they are seeking,But never the keys.Do you think they will find them?Who knows? Who can say?But I think it is doubtful,For which fish has swallowedThose treasures so priceless,In which sea it swims--God Himself has forgotten!"

Words in this poem

volost n.
In the greater part of Russia, a division for local government consisting of a group of mirs, or village communities; a canton.
neighbour v. i.
To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near.
unanswered a.
Not answered; not replied; as, an unanswered letter.
knout n.
A kind of whip for flogging criminals, formerly much used in Russia. The last is a tapering bundle of leather thongs twisted with wire and hardened, so that it mangles the flesh. [Russ. knut'; prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. knut knot, knout, Icel. kn knot: cf. F. knout. See Knot.]
tsar n.
The title of the emperor of Russia. See Czar.
lifetime n.
The time that life continues.
jordan n.
A pot or vessel with a large neck, formerly used by physicians and alchemists. Halliwell. [Prob. fr. the river Jordan, and shortened fr. Jordan bottle a bottle of water from the Jordan, brought back by pilgrims.]
serfdom n.
The state or condition of a serf.
priceless a.
Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth; invaluable.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chapter VIII: The Woman's Legend is in the public domain. This text is taken from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?, Project Gutenberg ebook #9619; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nikolai Nekrasov, Chapter VIII: The Woman's Legend, in Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia? (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9619, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nekrasov-who-can-be-happy/chapter-viii-the-woman-s-legend.html, id L25513.

Form and metre

Chapter VIII: The Woman's Legend is 130 lines in 6 stanzas. The metre is anapaestic dimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%).

See other poems in anapaestic dimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 A-B---BA-- silentA · peasants · occasionB · forgetting · health · lady · soonB · silentA · her · us
  2. 2 -A-----B--B-CAC------- matrona · oneA · volost · me · lady · further · household · childrenB · happy · answer · childrenB · peasant's · endlessC · oneA · voiceC · trembling · head · it · rather · linger · say · more
  3. 6 ---------------------A--A---------------------------- woman · shelter · lifetime · conquered · fasting · jordan · tomb · us · welfare · women · mislaid · them · women · learning · over · them · thought · swallowed · seeking · deserts · cold · fettersA · seers · counted · keysA · journeyed · caverns · them · discovered · precious · ours · triumphed · lock · serfdom · over · heaven · relief · joyful · missing · though · searching · bed · wander · skies · seeking · keys · them · say · doubtful · swallowed · priceless · swims · forgotten
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic dimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Matrona is silent.6····/˘
You see that the peasants6····/˘
Have seized the occasion--6···˘/˘
They are not forgetting6···˘/˘
To drink to the health5·····
Of the beautiful lady!7··/˘˘/˘
But noticing soon5·/˘˘·
That Matrona is silent,7·····/˘
In file they approach her.6···˘/·
"What more will you tell us?"6······
"What more?" says Matrona,6······
"My fame as the 'lucky one'7····/˘·
Spread through the volost,5···/˘
Since then they have called me6······
'The Governor's Lady.'6·/˘˘/˘
You ask me, what further?6····/˘
I managed the household,6·/˘·/·
And brought up my children.6····/˘
You ask, was I happy?6····/˘
Well, that you can answer6····/˘
Yourselves. And my children?6/˘··/˘
Five sons! But the peasant's6····/˘
Misfortunes are endless:6˘/˘·/˘
They've robbed me of one."6··˘···
She lowers her voice,5·/˘··
And her lashes are trembling,7··/˘·/˘
But turning her head5·/˘··
She endeavours to hide it.7·˘/˘···
The peasants are rather6·/˘·/˘
Confused, but they linger:6˘/··/˘
"Well, neighbour," they say,5·/˘··
"Will you tell us no more?"6······
"There's one thing: You're foolish6····/˘
To seek among women6····/˘
For happiness, brothers."6·/˘˘/˘
"That's all?"2··
"I can tell you4····
That twice we were swallowed6····/˘
By fire, and that three times6·/····
The plague fell upon us;6······
But such things are common6····/˘
To all of us peasants.6····/˘
Like cattle we toiled,6·/˘··˘
My steps were as easy6····/˘
As those of a horse5·····
In the plough. But my troubles7·····/˘
Were not very startling:6··/˘/˘
No mountains have moved6·/˘··˘
From their places to crush me;7··/˘···
And God did not strike me6······
With arrows of thunder.6·/˘·/˘
The storm in my soul5·····
Has been silent, unnoticed,7··/˘˘/˘
So how can I paint it6······
To you? O'er the Mother6····/˘
Insulted and outraged,6˘/˘·/·
The blood of her first-born6······
As o'er a crushed worm6····˘·
Has been poured; and unanswered7·····/˘
The deadly offences6·/˘···
That many have dealt her;6·/˘···
The knout has been raised6······
Unopposed o'er her body.7·˘/··/˘
But one thing I never6····/˘
Have suffered: I told you6·/˘···
That Sitnikov died,5·····
That the last, irreparable7···˘/˘˘
Shame had been spared me.6····˘·
You ask me for happiness?7····/˘˘
Brothers, you mock me!5/˘···
Go, ask the official,6···˘/˘
The Minister mighty,6·/˘˘/˘
The Tsar--Little Father,6··/˘/˘
But never a woman!6·/˘·/˘
God knows--among women6····/˘
Your search will be endless,6····/˘
Will lead to your graves.5·····
"A pious old woman6·/˘·/˘
Once asked us for shelter;6····/˘
The whole of her lifetime6····/·
The Flesh she had conquered6····/˘
By penance and fasting;6·/˘·/˘
She'd bathed in the Jordan,6····/˘
And prayed at the tomb6··˘···
Of Christ Jesus. She told us7··/˘···
The keys to the welfare6····/·
And freedom of women6·/˘·/˘
Have long been mislaid--5···˘/
God Himself has mislaid them.7·˘/·˘/·
And hermits, chaste women,6·/˘·/˘
And monks of great learning,6····/˘
Have sought them all over6······
The world, but not found them.6······
They're lost, and 'tis thought5·····
By a fish they've been swallowed.7·····/˘
God's knights have been seeking6····/˘
In towns and in deserts,6····/˘
Weak, starving, and cold,5·/˘··
Hung with torturing fetters.7··/˘˘/˘
They've asked of the seers,6··˘···
The stars they have counted6····/˘
To learn;--but no keys!5·····
Through the world they have journeyed;7·····/˘
In underground caverns,6·/˘·/˘
In mountains, they've sought them.6·/˘···
At last they discovered6···˘/˘
Some keys. They were precious,6····/˘
But only--not ours.6·/˘·/˘
Yet the warriors triumphed:7··/˘˘/˘
They fitted the lock5·/˘··
On the fetters of serfdom!7··/˘···
A sigh from all over6······
The world rose to Heaven,6····/˘
A breath of relief,5···˘/
Oh, so deep and so joyful!7·····/˘
Our keys were still missing....7/˘···/˘
Great champions, though,5·/˘˘·
Till to-day are still searching,7·····/˘
Deep down in the bed5·····
Of the ocean they wander,7··/˘·/˘
They fly to the skies,5·····
In the clouds they are seeking,7·····/˘
But never the keys.5·/˘··
Do you think they will find them?7·······
Who knows? Who can say?5·····
But I think it is doubtful,7·····/˘
For which fish has swallowed6····/˘
Those treasures so priceless,6·/˘·/˘
In which sea it swims--5·····
God Himself has forgotten!"7·˘/·˘/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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