Chapter VI: An Unlucky Year

Nikolai Nekrasov (1821–1878) · 1917

iambic trimeter · 254 lines · from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?

"Strange stars played that yearOn the face of the Heavens;And some said, 'The Lord ridesAbroad, and His angelsWith long flaming brooms sweepThe floor of the HeavensIn front of his carriage.'But others were frightened,--They said, 'It is ratherThe Antichrist coming!It signals misfortune!'And they read it truly.A terrible year came,A terrible famine,When brother deniedTo his brother a morsel.And then I rememberedThe wolf that was hungry,For I was like her,Craving food for my children.Now Mother-in-law foundA new superstition:She said to the neighboursThat I was the reasonOf all the misfortune;And why? I had caused itBy changing my shirtOn the day before Christmas!Well, I escaped lightly,For I had a husbandTo shield and protect me,But one woman, havingOffended, was beatenTo death by the people.To play with the starvingIs dangerous, my friends.

"The famine was scarcelyAt end, when anotherMisfortune befell us--The dreaded recruiting.But I was not troubledBy that, because PhilipWas safe: one alreadyHad served of his people.One night I sat working,My husband, his brothers,The family, all hadBeen out since the morning.My Father-in-lawHad been called to take partIn the communal meeting.The women were standingAnd chatting with neighbours.But I was exhausted,For then I was heavyWith child. I was ailing,And hourly expectedMy time. When the childrenWere fed and asleepI lay down on the oven.The women came home soonAnd called for their suppers;But Father-in-lawHad not come, so we waited.He came, tired and gloomy:'Eh, wife, we are ruined!I'm weary with running,But nothing can save us:They've taken the eldest--Now give them the youngest!I've counted the yearsTo a day--I have proved them;They listen to nothing.They want to take Philip!I prayed to the commune--But what is it worth?I ran to the bailiff;He swore he was sorry,But couldn't assist us.I went to the clerk then;You might just as wellSet to work with a hatchetTo chop out the shadowsUp there, on the ceiling,As try to get truthOut of that little rascal!He's bought. They are all bought,--Not one of them honest!If only he knew it--The Governor--he'd teach them!If he would but orderThe commune to show himThe lists of the volost,And see how they cheat us!'The mother and daughtersAre groaning and crying;But I! ... I am cold....I am burning in fever! ...My thoughts ... I have no thoughts!I think I am dreaming!My fatherless childrenAre standing before me,And crying with hunger.The family, frowning,Looks coldly upon them....At home they are 'noisy,'At play they are 'clumsy,'At table they're 'gluttons'!And somebody threatensTo punish my children--They slap them and pinch them!Be silent, you mother!You wife of a soldier!"

"I now have no partIn the village allotments,No share in the building,The clothes, and the cattle,And these are my riches:Three lakes of salt tear-drops,Three fields sown with grief!"

"And now, like a sinner,I bow to the neighbours;I ask their forgiveness;I hear myself saying,'Forgive me for beingSo haughty and proud!I little expectedThat God, for my pride,Would have left me forsaken!I pray you, good people,To show me more wisdom,To teach me to liveAnd to nourish my children,What food they should have,And what drink, and what teaching.'"

"I'm sending my childrenTo beg in the village;'Go, children, beg humbly,But dare not to steal.'The children are sobbing,'It's cold, little Mother,Our clothes are in rags;We are weary of passingFrom doorway to doorway;We stand by the windowsAnd shiver. We're frightenedTo beg of the rich folk;The poor ones say, ''God willProvide for the orphans!''We cannot come home,For if we bring nothingWe know you'll be angry!'"

"To go to God's churchI have made myself tidy;I hear how the neighboursAre laughing around me:'Now who is she settingHer cap at?' they whisper."

"Don't wash yourself clean.And don't dress yourself nicely;The neighbours are sharp--They have eyes like the eagleAnd tongues like the serpent.Walk humbly and slowly,Don't laugh when you're cheerful,Don't weep when you're sad."

"The dull, endless winterHas come, and the fieldsAnd the pretty green meadowsAre hidden away'Neath the snow. Nothing livingIs seen in the foldsOf the gleaming white grave-clothes.No friend under HeavenThere is for the woman,The wife of the soldier.Who knows what her thoughts are?Who cares for her words?Who is sad for her sorrow?And where can she buryThe insults they cast her?Perhaps in the woods?--But the woods are all withered!Perhaps in the meadows?--The meadows are frozen!The swift little stream?--But its waters are sleeping!No,--carry them with youTo hide in your grave!"

"My husband is gone;There is no one to shield me.Hark, hark! There's the drum!And the soldiers are coming!They halt;--they are formingA line in the market.'Attention!' There's Philip!There's Philip! I see him!'Attention! Eyes front!'It's Shalashnikov shouting....Oh, Philip has fallen!Have mercy! Have mercy!'Try that--try some physic!You'll soon get to like it!Ha, ha! Ha, ha, ha!'He is striking my husband!'I flog, not with whips,But with knouts made for giants!'"

"I sprang from the stove,Though my burden was heavy;I listen.... All silent....The family sleeping.I creep to the doorwayAnd open it softly,I pass down the streetThrough the night.... It is frosty.In Domina's hut,Where the youths and young maidensAssemble at night,They are singing in chorusMy favourite song:

"'The fir tree on the mountain stands,The little cottage at its foot,And Mashenka is there.Her father comes to look for her,He wakens her and coaxes her:''Eh, Mashenka, come home,'' he cries,''Efeemovna, come home!''

"'''I won't come, and I won't listen!Black the night--no moon in Heaven!Swift the stream--no bridge, no ferry!Dark the wood--no guards.''

"'The fir tree on the mountain stands,The little cottage at its foot,And Mashenka is there.Her mother comes to look for her,She wakens her and coaxes her:''Now, Mashenka, come home,'' she says,''Efeemovna, come home!''

"'''I won't come, and I won't listen!Black the night--no moon in Heaven!Swift the stream--no bridge, no ferry!Dark the wood--no guards!''

"'The fir tree on the mountain stands,The little cottage at its foot,And Mashenka is there.Young Peter comes to look for her,He wakens her, and coaxes her:''Oh, Mashenka, come home with me!My little dove, Efeemovna,Come home, my dear, with me.''

"'''I will come, and I will listen,Fair the night--the moon in Heaven,Calm the stream with bridge and ferry,In the wood strong guards.'''"

Words in this poem 18
antichrist n.
A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.
famine n.
General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss, lack, ha to leave.]
communal a.
Pertaining to a commune. [Cf. F. communal.]
hourly a.
Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.
commune n.
The commonalty; the common people. [F., fr. commun. See Common.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
clerk n.
A clergyman or ecclesiastic. [Either OF. clerc, fr. L. clericus a priest, or AS. clerc, cleric, clerk, priest, fr. L. clericus, fr. Gr. Clergy.]
volost n.
In the greater part of Russia, a division for local government consisting of a group of mirs, or village communities; a canton.
fatherless a.
Destitute of a living father; as, a fatherless child.
coldly adv.
In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly.
somebody n.
A person unknown or uncertain; a person indeterminate; some person.
sinner n.
One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the law of God.
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
humbly adv.
With humility; lowly.
sobbing n.
A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.
doorway n.
The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chapter VI: An Unlucky Year is in the public domain. This text is taken from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?, Project Gutenberg ebook #9619; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nikolai Nekrasov, Chapter VI: An Unlucky Year, in Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia? (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9619, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nekrasov-who-can-be-happy/chapter-vi-an-unlucky-year.html, id L25511.

Form and metre

Chapter VI: An Unlucky Year is 254 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 78%).

See other poems in iambic trimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 --------------A-A------------------- year · heavens · rides · angels · sweep · heavens · carriage · frightened · rather · coming · misfortune · truly · came · famine · deniedA · morsel · rememberedA · hungry · her · children · found · superstition · neighbours · reason · misfortune · it · shirt · christmas · lightly · husband · me · having · beaten · people · starving · friends
  2. 2 ---------------------A-AA---------------------------------------------------- scarcely · another · us · recruiting · troubled · philip · already · people · working · brothers · had · morning · law · part · meeting · standing · neighbours · exhausted · heavy · ailing · expected · childrenA · asleep · ovenA · soonA · suppers · law · waited · gloomy · ruined · running · us · eldest · youngest · years · them · nothing · philip · commune · worth · bailiff · sorry · us · then · well · hatchet · shadows · ceiling · truth · rascal · bought · honest · it · them · order · him · volost · us · daughters · crying · cold · fever · thoughts · dreaming · children · me · hunger · frowning · them · noisy · clumsy · gluttons · threatens · children · them · mother · soldier
  3. 4 -----AAA------- sinner · neighbours · forgiveness · saying · being · proudA · expectedA · prideA · forsaken · people · wisdom · live · children · have · teaching
  4. 8 --A---A---B---B--A----- winter · fields · meadowsA · away · living · folds · clothesA · heaven · woman · soldier · areB · words · sorrow · bury · herB · woods · withered · meadowsA · frozen · stream · sleeping · you · grave
  5. 11 ---AA-- stands · foot · there · herA · herA · cries · home
  6. 13 ---AA-- stands · foot · there · herA · herA · says · home
  7. 15 ---AAB-B stands · foot · there · herA · herA · meB · efeemovna · meB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic trimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
"Strange stars played that year6···˘··
On the face of the Heavens;7·····/˘
And some said, 'The Lord rides6······
Abroad, and His angels6˘/··/˘
With long flaming brooms sweep6··/˘··
The floor of the Heavens6····/˘
In front of his carriage.'6····/˘
But others were frightened,--6·/˘·/˘
They said, 'It is rather6····/˘
The Antichrist coming!6·/˘˘/˘
It signals misfortune!'6·/˘˘/˘
And they read it truly.6····/˘
A terrible year came,6·/˘˘··
A terrible famine,6·/˘˘/˘
When brother denied5·/˘˘/
To his brother a morsel.7··/˘·/˘
And then I remembered6···˘/˘
The wolf that was hungry,6····/˘
For I was like her,5·····
Craving food for my children.7/˘···/˘
Now Mother-in-law found6·/˘···
A new superstition:6···˘/˘
She said to the neighbours6····/˘
That I was the reason6····/˘
Of all the misfortune;6···˘/˘
And why? I had caused it6······
By changing my shirt5·/˘··
On the day before Christmas!7·····/˘
Well, I escaped lightly,6··˘//˘
For I had a husband6····/˘
To shield and protect me,6···˘/·
But one woman, having6··/˘/˘
Offended, was beaten6˘/˘·/˘
To death by the people.6····/˘
To play with the starving6····/˘
Is dangerous, my friends.6·/˘˘··
"The famine was scarcely6·/˘·/˘
At end, when another6···˘/˘
Misfortune befell us--6˘/˘˘/·
The dreaded recruiting.6·/˘˘/˘
But I was not troubled6····/˘
By that, because Philip6····/˘
Was safe: one already6···˘/˘
Had served of his people.6····/˘
One night I sat working,6····/˘
My husband, his brothers,6·/˘·/˘
The family, all had6·/˘˘··
Been out since the morning.6····/˘
My Father-in-law5·/˘··
Had been called to take part6······
In the communal meeting.7··˘/˘/˘
The women were standing6·/˘·/˘
And chatting with neighbours.6·/˘·/˘
But I was exhausted,6···˘/˘
For then I was heavy6····/˘
With child. I was ailing,6····/˘
And hourly expected6·/˘˘/˘
My time. When the children6····/˘
Were fed and asleep5···˘/
I lay down on the oven.7·····/˘
The women came home soon6·/˘···
And called for their suppers;6····/˘
But Father-in-law5·/˘··
Had not come, so we waited.7·····/˘
He came, tired and gloomy:7··/˘·/˘
'Eh, wife, we are ruined!6····/˘
I'm weary with running,6·/˘·/˘
But nothing can save us:6·/˘···
They've taken the eldest--6·/˘·/˘
Now give them the youngest!6····/˘
I've counted the years5·/˘··
To a day--I have proved them;7·······
They listen to nothing.6·/˘·/˘
They want to take Philip!6····/˘
I prayed to the commune--6····/˘
But what is it worth?5·····
I ran to the bailiff;6····/˘
He swore he was sorry,6····/˘
But couldn't assist us.6·/˘˘/·
I went to the clerk then;6······
You might just as well5·····
Set to work with a hatchet7·····/˘
To chop out the shadows6····/·
Up there, on the ceiling,6····/˘
As try to get truth5·····
Out of that little rascal!7···/˘/˘
He's bought. They are all bought,--6······
Not one of them honest!6····/˘
If only he knew it--6·/˘···
The Governor--he'd teach them!6·/˘···
If he would but order6····/˘
The commune to show him6·/˘···
The lists of the volost,6····/˘
And see how they cheat us!'6······
The mother and daughters6·/˘·/˘
Are groaning and crying;6·/˘·/˘
But I! ... I am cold....5·····
I am burning in fever! ...7··/˘·/˘
My thoughts ... I have no thoughts!6······
I think I am dreaming!6····/˘
My fatherless children6·/˘˘/˘
Are standing before me,6·/˘···
And crying with hunger.6·/˘·/˘
The family, frowning,6·/˘˘/˘
Looks coldly upon them....6·/˘···
At home they are 'noisy,'6····/˘
At play they are 'clumsy,'6····/˘
At table they're 'gluttons'!6·/˘·/˘
And somebody threatens6·/·˘/˘
To punish my children--6·/˘·/˘
They slap them and pinch them!6······
Be silent, you mother!6·/˘·/˘
You wife of a soldier!"6····/˘
"I now have no part5·····
In the village allotments,7··/˘˘/˘
No share in the building,6····/˘
The clothes, and the cattle,6····/˘
And these are my riches:6····/˘
Three lakes of salt tear-drops,6······
Three fields sown with grief!"5·····
"And now, like a sinner,6····/˘
I bow to the neighbours;6····/˘
I ask their forgiveness;6···˘/˘
I hear myself saying,6···//˘
'Forgive me for being6˘/··/˘
So haughty and proud!5·/˘··
I little expected6·/˘˘/˘
That God, for my pride,5·····
Would have left me forsaken!7····˘/˘
I pray you, good people,6····/˘
To show me more wisdom,6····/˘
To teach me to live5·····
And to nourish my children,7··/˘·/˘
What food they should have,5·····
And what drink, and what teaching.'"7·····/˘
"I'm sending my children6·/˘·/˘
To beg in the village;6····/˘
'Go, children, beg humbly,6·/˘·/˘
But dare not to steal.'5·····
The children are sobbing,6·/˘·/˘
'It's cold, little Mother,6··/˘/˘
Our clothes are in rags;6/˘····
We are weary of passing7··/˘·/˘
From doorway to doorway;6·/··/·
We stand by the windows6····/˘
And shiver. We're frightened6·/˘·/˘
To beg of the rich folk;6······
The poor ones say, ''God will6······
Provide for the orphans!''6˘/··/˘
We cannot come home,5·/˘··
For if we bring nothing6····/˘
We know you'll be angry!'"6····/˘
"To go to God's church5·····
I have made myself tidy;7····//˘
I hear how the neighbours6····/˘
Are laughing around me:6·/˘···
'Now who is she setting6····/˘
Her cap at?' they whisper."6····/˘
"Don't wash yourself clean.5··˘/·
And don't dress yourself nicely;7···/˘/˘
The neighbours are sharp--5·/˘··
They have eyes like the eagle7·····/˘
And tongues like the serpent.6····/˘
Walk humbly and slowly,6·/˘·/˘
Don't laugh when you're cheerful,6····/˘
Don't weep when you're sad."5·····
"The dull, endless winter6··/˘/˘
Has come, and the fields5·····
And the pretty green meadows7··/˘·/·
Are hidden away5·/˘˘/
'Neath the snow. Nothing living7···/˘/˘
Is seen in the folds5·····
Of the gleaming white grave-clothes.7··/˘···
No friend under Heaven6····/˘
There is for the woman,6····/˘
The wife of the soldier.6····/˘
Who knows what her thoughts are?6······
Who cares for her words?5·····
Who is sad for her sorrow?7·····/˘
And where can she bury6····/˘
The insults they cast her?6·˘/···
Perhaps in the woods?--5˘/···
But the woods are all withered!7·····/˘
Perhaps in the meadows?--6˘/··/·
The meadows are frozen!6·/··/˘
The swift little stream?--5··/˘·
But its waters are sleeping!7··/˘·/˘
No,--carry them with you6·/˘···
To hide in your grave!"5·····
"My husband is gone;5·/˘··
There is no one to shield me.7·······
Hark, hark! There's the drum!5·····
And the soldiers are coming!7··/˘·/˘
They halt;--they are forming6····/˘
A line in the market.6····/˘
'Attention!' There's Philip!6˘/˘·/˘
There's Philip! I see him!6·/˘···
'Attention! Eyes front!'5˘/˘··
It's Shalashnikov shouting....7·····/˘
Oh, Philip has fallen!6·/˘·/˘
Have mercy! Have mercy!6·/˘·/˘
'Try that--try some physic!6····/˘
You'll soon get to like it!6······
Ha, ha! Ha, ha, ha!'5·····
He is striking my husband!7··/˘·/˘
'I flog, not with whips,5·····
But with knouts made for giants!'"7·····/˘
"I sprang from the stove,5·····
Though my burden was heavy;7··/˘·/˘
I listen.... All silent....6·/˘·/˘
The family sleeping.6·/˘˘/˘
I creep to the doorway6····/·
And open it softly,6·/˘·/˘
I pass down the street5·····
Through the night.... It is frosty.7·····/˘
In Domina's hut,5·˘/˘·
Where the youths and young maidens7·····/˘
Assemble at night,5˘/˘··
They are singing in chorus7··/˘·/˘
My favourite song:5·····
"'The fir tree on the mountain stands,8·····/˘·
The little cottage at its foot,8·/˘/˘···
And Mashenka is there.6······
Her father comes to look for her,8·/˘·····
He wakens her and coaxes her:8·/˘··/˘·
''Eh, Mashenka, come home,'' he cries,8········
''Efeemovna, come home!''6······
"'''I won't come, and I won't listen!8······/˘
Black the night--no moon in Heaven!7······/
Swift the stream--no bridge, no ferry!8······/˘
Dark the wood--no guards.''5·····
"'The fir tree on the mountain stands,8·····/˘·
The little cottage at its foot,8·/˘/˘···
And Mashenka is there.6······
Her mother comes to look for her,8·/˘·····
She wakens her and coaxes her:8·/˘··/˘·
''Now, Mashenka, come home,'' she says,8········
''Efeemovna, come home!''6······
"'''I won't come, and I won't listen!8······/˘
Black the night--no moon in Heaven!7······/
Swift the stream--no bridge, no ferry!8······/˘
Dark the wood--no guards!''5·····
"'The fir tree on the mountain stands,8·····/˘·
The little cottage at its foot,8·/˘/˘···
And Mashenka is there.6······
Young Peter comes to look for her,8·/˘·····
He wakens her, and coaxes her:8·/˘··/˘·
''Oh, Mashenka, come home with me!8········
My little dove, Efeemovna,8·/˘·····
Come home, my dear, with me.''6······
"'''I will come, and I will listen,8······/˘
Fair the night--the moon in Heaven,7······/
Calm the stream with bridge and ferry,8······/˘
In the wood strong guards.'''"5·····

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