England

Marianne Moore (1887–1972) · 1921

Free verse · 48 lines · from Poems

with its baby rivers and little towns, each with its abbey or itscathedral;with voices—one voice perhaps, echoing through the transept—thecriterion of suitability and convenience; and Italy with its equalshores—contriving an epicureanism from which the grossness hasbeen

extracted; and Greece with its goats and its gourds, the nest ofmodified illusions:and France, the “chrysalis of the nocturnal butterfly” inwhose products, mystery of construction diverts one from what wasoriginally one’sobject—substance at the core: and the East with its snails, itsemotional

shorthand and jade cockroaches, its rock crystal and itsimperturbability,all of museum quality: and America where thereis the little old ramshackle victoria in the south, where cigars aresmoked on thestreet in the north; where there are no proof readers, nosilkworms, no digressions;

the wild man’s land; grass-less, links-less, language-lesscountry—in which letters are writtennot in Spanish, not in Greek, not in Latin, not in shorthandbut in plain American which cats and dogs can read! The letter “a”in psalm and calm whenpronounced with the sound of “a” in candle, is very noticeablebut

why should continents of misapprehension have to be accounted for bythefact? Does it follow that because there are poisonous toadstoolswhich resemble mushrooms, both are dangerous? In the case ofmettlesomeness which may bemistaken for appetite, of heat which may appear to be haste, nocon-

clusions may be drawn. To have misapprehended the matter, is to haveconfessedthat one has not looked far enough. The sublimated wisdomof China, Egyptian discernment, the cataclysmic torrent of emotioncompressedin the verbs of the Hebrew language, the books of the man who isable

to say, “I envy nobody but him and him only, who catches more fishthanI do,”—the flower and fruit of all that noted superi-ority—should one not have stumbled upon it in America, must oneimaginethat it is not there? It has never been confined to onelocality.

Words in this poem

criterion n.
A standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test, by which facts, principles opinions, and conduct are tried in forming a correct judgment respecting them. [Gr. Certain.]
suitability n.
The quality or state of being suitable; suitableness.
epicureanism n.
Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus; the principles or belief of Epicurus.
imperturbability n.
The state or quality of being imperturbable.
ramshackle a.
Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out of repair. [Etymol. uncertain.]
misapprehension n.
A mistaking or mistake; wrong apprehension of one's meaning of a fact; misconception; misunderstanding.
sublimated a.
Refined by, or as by, sublimation; exalted; purified.
cataclysmic a.
Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.
nobody n.
No person; no one; not anybody. [No, a. + body.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

England is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #62833; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Marianne Moore, England, in Poems (1921), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #62833, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/moore-poems/england.html, id L02632.

Form and metre

England is 48 lines in 7 stanzas. 82% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.9 syllables. 12 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 83% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 -A--A-- of · illusionsA · in · was · one'sA · its · emotional
  2. 4 -A--A-- less · writtenA · shorthand · a · whenA · noticeable · but
  3. 5 AA--A-- byA · theA · toadstools · of · beA · no · con
  4. 6 -A--A-- have · confessedA · wisdom · emotion · compressedA · is · able
  5. 7 -A-AAA- fish · thanA · superi · oneA · imagineA · oneA · locality
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
with its baby rivers and little towns, each with its abbey or its17··/˘/˘·/˘····/˘··
cathedral;3˘/˘
with voices—one voice perhaps, echoing through the transept—the15·/˘··˘//˘˘··/˘·
criterion of suitability and convenience; and Italy with its equal22˘/˘˘··˘/˘˘·˘/˘·/˘˘··/˘
shores—contriving an epicureanism from which the grossness has16·˘/˘·········/˘·
been1·
extracted; and Greece with its goats and its gourds, the nest of14˘/˘···········
modified illusions:6/˘·˘/˘
and France, the “chrysalis of the nocturnal butterfly” in15···/˘˘··˘/˘/˘··
whose products, mystery of construction diverts one from what was16·/˘/˘˘·˘/˘˘/····
originally one’s6˘/˘˘˘·
object—substance at the core: and the East with its snails, its14/˘/˘··········
emotional4˘/˘˘
shorthand and jade cockroaches, its rock crystal and its13/···/·˘··/˘··
imperturbability,7·······
all of museum quality: and America where there15··˘/˘/˘˘·˘/˘˘··
is the little old ramshackle victoria in the south, where cigars are19··/˘·/·˘˘/˘˘····˘/·
smoked on the3···
street in the north; where there are no proof readers, no12·········/˘·
silkworms, no digressions;6/··˘/˘
the wild man’s land; grass-less, links-less, language-less11········/˘·
country—in which letters are written9/˘··/˘·/˘
not in Spanish, not in Greek, not in Latin, not in shorthand15··/˘·····/˘··/·
but in plain American which cats and dogs can read! The letter “a”17···˘/˘˘·······/˘·
in psalm and calm when5·····
pronounced with the sound of “a” in candle, is very noticeable17˘/······/˘·/˘/˘˘˘
but1·
why should continents of misapprehension have to be accounted for by19··/˘˘·˘·˘/˘···˘/˘··
the1·
fact? Does it follow that because there are poisonous toadstools15···/˘·····/˘˘··
which resemble mushrooms, both are dangerous? In the case of15·˘/˘/˘··/˘˘····
mettlesomeness which may be8········
mistaken for appetite, of heat which may appear to be haste, no17˘/˘·/˘·····˘/····
con-1·
clusions may be drawn. To have misapprehended the matter, is to have18·············/˘···
confessed2˘/
that one has not looked far enough. The sublimated wisdom14······˘/·/˘˘/˘
of China, Egyptian discernment, the cataclysmic torrent of emotion20·/˘˘/˘˘/˘··˘/˘/˘·˘/˘
compressed2˘/
in the verbs of the Hebrew language, the books of the man who is16·····/˘/˘·······
able2
to say, “I envy nobody but him and him only, who catches more fish19···/˘/······/˘·/˘··
than1·
I do,”—the flower and fruit of all that noted superi-15···/˘·····/˘···
ority—should one not have stumbled upon it in America, must one19·······/˘····˘/˘˘··
imagine3˘/˘
that it is not there? It has never been confined to one14·······/˘·˘/··
locality.4˘/˘˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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