Black Earth

Marianne Moore (1887–1972) · 1921

Free verse · 68 lines · from Poems

Openly, yes,with the naturalnessof the hippopotamus or the alligatorwhen it climbs out on the bank to experience the

sun, I do thesethings which I do, which pleaseno one but myself. Now I breathe and now I am sub-merged; the blemishes stand up and shout when the object

in view was arenaissance; shall I saythe contrary? The sediment of the river whichencrusts my joints, makes me very gray but I am used

to it, it mayremain there; do awaywith it and I am myself done away with, for thepatina of circumstance can but enrich what was

there to beginwith. This elephant skinwhich I inhabit, fibred over like the shell ofthe coco-nut, this piece of black glass through which no light

can filter—cutinto checkers by rutupon rut of unpreventable experience—it is a manual for the peanut-tongued and the

hairy toed. Blackbut beautiful, my backis full of the history of power. Of power? Whatis powerful and what is not? My soul shall never

be cut intoby a wooden spear; through-out childhood to the present time, the unity oflife and death has been expressed by the circumference

described by mytrunk; nevertheless, Iperceive feats of strength to be inexplicable afterall; and I am on my guard; external poise, it

has its centrewell nurtured—we knowwhere—in pride, but spiritual poise, it has its centre where?My ears are sensitized to more than the sound of

the wind. I seeand I hear, unlike thewandlike body of which one hears so much, which was madeto see and not to see; to hear and not to hear;

that tree trunk withoutroots, accustomed to shoutits own thoughts to itself like a shell, maintained intactby who knows what strange pressure of the atmosphere; that

spiritualbrother to the coralplant, absorbed into which, the equable sapphire lightbecomes a nebulous green. The I of each is to

the I of each,a kind of fretful speechwhich sets a limit on itself; the elephant is?Black earth preceded by a tendril? It is to that

phenomenonthe above formation,translucent like the atmosphere—a cortex merely—that on which darts cannot strike decisively the first

time, a substanceneedful as an instanceof the indestructibility of matter; ithas looked at the electricity and at the earth-

quake and is stillhere; the name means thick. Willdepth be depth, thick skin be thick, to one who can see nobeautiful element of unreason under it?

Words in this poem

naturalness n.
The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
patina n.
A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. Paten.]
fibred a.
Having fibers; made up of fibers.
childhood n.
The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]
centre v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
intact a.
Untouched, especially by anything that harms, defiles, or the like; uninjured; undefiled; left complete or entire. Buckle. [L. intactus; pref. in- not + tactus, p. p. of tangere to touch: cf. F. intact. See In- not, and Tact, Tangent.]
cortex n.
Bark, as of a tree; hence, an outer covering. [L., bark. Cf. Cork.]
needful a.
Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing.
indestructibility n.
The quality of being indestructible. [Cf. F. indestructibilité.]
unreason v. t.
To undo, disprove, or refute by reasoning. [1st pref. un- + reason.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Black Earth is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #62833; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Marianne Moore, Black Earth, in Poems (1921), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #62833, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/moore-poems/black-earth.html, id L02623.

Form and metre

Black Earth is 68 lines in 17 stanzas of 4 lines each. 87% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.0 syllables. 13 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 82% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 AA-- theseA · pleaseA · sub · object
  2. 3 AA-- aA · sayA · which · used
  3. 4 AA-- mayA · awayA · the · was
  4. 5 AA-- beginA · skinA · of · light
  5. 6 AA-- cutA · rutA · experience · the
  6. 7 AA-- blackA · backA · what · never
  7. 8 AA-- intoA · throughA · of · circumference
  8. 9 AA-- myA · iA · after · it
  9. 11 AA-- seeA · theA · made · hear
  10. 12 AA-- withoutA · shoutA · intact · that
  11. 14 AA-- eachA · speechA · is · that
  12. 15 AA-- phenomenonA · formationA · merely · first
  13. 17 AA-- stillA · willA · no · it
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Openly, yes,4/˘˘·
with the naturalness6··/˘˘˘
of the hippopotamus or the alligator13···˘/˘˘··/˘·˘
when it climbs out on the bank to experience the13········˘/˘˘·
sun, I do these4····
things which I do, which please6······
no one but myself. Now I breathe and now I am sub-13····/········
merged; the blemishes stand up and shout when the object13··/˘˘······/˘
in view was a4····
renaissance; shall I say6·˘/···
the contrary? The sediment of the river which13·/˘˘·/˘˘··/˘·
encrusts my joints, makes me very gray but I am used13˘/····/˘·····
to it, it may4····
remain there; do away6˘/··˘/
with it and I am myself done away with, for the13······/·˘/···
patina of circumstance can but enrich what was13˘/˘·/˘···˘/··
there to begin4··˘/
with. This elephant skin6··/˘˘·
which I inhabit, fibred over like the shell of13··˘/˘/˘······
the coco-nut, this piece of black glass through which no light13·/···········
can filter—cut4·/˘·
into checkers by rut6··/˘··
upon rut of unpreventable experience—13·········˘/˘˘
it is a manual for the peanut-tongued and the13···/˘˘··/˘···
hairy toed. Black4/˘··
but beautiful, my back6·/˘˘··
is full of the history of power. Of power? What14····/˘˘·/˘·/˘·
is powerful and what is not? My soul shall never13·/˘˘·······/˘
be cut into4····
by a wooden spear; through-6··/˘··
out childhood to the present time, the unity of13·/···/˘··/˘˘·
life and death has been expressed by the circumference12·····˘/··˘/˘
described by my4˘/··
trunk; nevertheless, I6··˘˘/·
perceive feats of strength to be inexplicable after14˘/······˘/˘˘··
all; and I am on my guard; external poise, it12·······˘/˘··
has its centre4··/˘
well nurtured—we know5·/˘··
where—in pride, but spiritual poise, it has its centre where?15····/˘˘˘····/˘·
My ears are sensitized to more than the sound of12···/˘·······
the wind. I see4····
and I hear, unlike the6···˘/·
wandlike body of which one hears so much, which was made13··/˘·········
to see and not to see; to hear and not to hear;12············
that tree trunk without5·····
roots, accustomed to shout6·˘/˘··
its own thoughts to itself like a shell, maintained intact13····˘/···˘/˘/
by who knows what strange pressure of the atmosphere; that13·····/˘··/˘··
spiritual4/˘˘˘
brother to the coral6/˘··/˘
plant, absorbed into which, the equable sapphire light14·˘/····/˘˘/˘˘·
becomes a nebulous green. The I of each is to13˘/·/˘˘·······
the I of each,4····
a kind of fretful speech6···/˘·
which sets a limit on itself; the elephant is?13···/˘·˘/·/˘˘·
Black earth preceded by a tendril? It is to that13··˘/˘··/˘····
phenomenon4˘/˘·
the above formation,6···˘/˘
translucent like the atmosphere—a cortex merely—13˘/˘··/˘··/˘/˘
that on which darts cannot strike decisively the first13····/˘·˘/˘˘··
time, a substance4··/˘
needful as an instance6/˘··/˘
of the indestructibility of matter; it13···˘·˘/˘˘·/˘·
has looked at the electricity and at the earth-13····˘·/˘˘····
quake and is still4····
here; the name means thick. Will6······
depth be depth, thick skin be thick, to one who can see no13·············
beautiful element of unreason under it?13/˘˘/˘˘·˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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