Black Earth
Openly, yes,with the naturalnessof the hippopotamus or the alligatorwhen it climbs out on the bank to experience the
sun, I do thesethings which I do, which pleaseno one but myself. Now I breathe and now I am sub-merged; the blemishes stand up and shout when the object
in view was arenaissance; shall I saythe contrary? The sediment of the river whichencrusts my joints, makes me very gray but I am used
to it, it mayremain there; do awaywith it and I am myself done away with, for thepatina of circumstance can but enrich what was
there to beginwith. This elephant skinwhich I inhabit, fibred over like the shell ofthe coco-nut, this piece of black glass through which no light
can filter—cutinto checkers by rutupon rut of unpreventable experience—it is a manual for the peanut-tongued and the
hairy toed. Blackbut beautiful, my backis full of the history of power. Of power? Whatis powerful and what is not? My soul shall never
be cut intoby a wooden spear; through-out childhood to the present time, the unity oflife and death has been expressed by the circumference
described by mytrunk; nevertheless, Iperceive feats of strength to be inexplicable afterall; and I am on my guard; external poise, it
has its centrewell nurtured—we knowwhere—in pride, but spiritual poise, it has its centre where?My ears are sensitized to more than the sound of
the wind. I seeand I hear, unlike thewandlike body of which one hears so much, which was madeto see and not to see; to hear and not to hear;
that tree trunk withoutroots, accustomed to shoutits own thoughts to itself like a shell, maintained intactby who knows what strange pressure of the atmosphere; that
spiritualbrother to the coralplant, absorbed into which, the equable sapphire lightbecomes a nebulous green. The I of each is to
the I of each,a kind of fretful speechwhich sets a limit on itself; the elephant is?Black earth preceded by a tendril? It is to that
phenomenonthe above formation,translucent like the atmosphere—a cortex merely—that on which darts cannot strike decisively the first
time, a substanceneedful as an instanceof the indestructibility of matter; ithas looked at the electricity and at the earth-
quake and is stillhere; the name means thick. Willdepth be depth, thick skin be thick, to one who can see nobeautiful element of unreason under it?
Words in this poem
- naturalness n.
- The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- patina n.
- A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. Paten.]
- fibred a.
- Having fibers; made up of fibers.
- childhood n.
- The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]
- centre v. i.
- To be placed in a center; to be central.
- intact a.
- Untouched, especially by anything that harms, defiles, or the like; uninjured; undefiled; left complete or entire. Buckle. [L. intactus; pref. in- not + tactus, p. p. of tangere to touch: cf. F. intact. See In- not, and Tact, Tangent.]
- cortex n.
- Bark, as of a tree; hence, an outer covering. [L., bark. Cf. Cork.]
- needful a.
- Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing.
- indestructibility n.
- The quality of being indestructible. [Cf. F. indestructibilité.]
- unreason v. t.
- To undo, disprove, or refute by reasoning. [1st pref. un- + reason.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Black Earth is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #62833; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Marianne Moore, Black Earth, in Poems (1921), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #62833, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/moore-poems/black-earth.html, id L02623.
Form and metre
Black Earth is 68 lines in 17 stanzas of 4 lines each. 87% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.0 syllables. 13 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 82% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 2 AA-- theseA · pleaseA · sub · object
- 3 AA-- aA · sayA · which · used
- 4 AA-- mayA · awayA · the · was
- 5 AA-- beginA · skinA · of · light
- 6 AA-- cutA · rutA · experience · the
- 7 AA-- blackA · backA · what · never
- 8 AA-- intoA · throughA · of · circumference
- 9 AA-- myA · iA · after · it
- 11 AA-- seeA · theA · made · hear
- 12 AA-- withoutA · shoutA · intact · that
- 14 AA-- eachA · speechA · is · that
- 15 AA-- phenomenonA · formationA · merely · first
- 17 AA-- stillA · willA · no · it
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Openly, yes, | 4 | /˘˘· |
| with the naturalness | 6 | ··/˘˘˘ |
| of the hippopotamus or the alligator | 13 | ···˘/˘˘··/˘·˘ |
| when it climbs out on the bank to experience the | 13 | ········˘/˘˘· |
| sun, I do these | 4 | ···· |
| things which I do, which please | 6 | ······ |
| no one but myself. Now I breathe and now I am sub- | 13 | ····/········ |
| merged; the blemishes stand up and shout when the object | 13 | ··/˘˘······/˘ |
| in view was a | 4 | ···· |
| renaissance; shall I say | 6 | ·˘/··· |
| the contrary? The sediment of the river which | 13 | ·/˘˘·/˘˘··/˘· |
| encrusts my joints, makes me very gray but I am used | 13 | ˘/····/˘····· |
| to it, it may | 4 | ···· |
| remain there; do away | 6 | ˘/··˘/ |
| with it and I am myself done away with, for the | 13 | ······/·˘/··· |
| patina of circumstance can but enrich what was | 13 | ˘/˘·/˘···˘/·· |
| there to begin | 4 | ··˘/ |
| with. This elephant skin | 6 | ··/˘˘· |
| which I inhabit, fibred over like the shell of | 13 | ··˘/˘/˘······ |
| the coco-nut, this piece of black glass through which no light | 13 | ·/··········· |
| can filter—cut | 4 | ·/˘· |
| into checkers by rut | 6 | ··/˘·· |
| upon rut of unpreventable experience— | 13 | ·········˘/˘˘ |
| it is a manual for the peanut-tongued and the | 13 | ···/˘˘··/˘··· |
| hairy toed. Black | 4 | /˘·· |
| but beautiful, my back | 6 | ·/˘˘·· |
| is full of the history of power. Of power? What | 14 | ····/˘˘·/˘·/˘· |
| is powerful and what is not? My soul shall never | 13 | ·/˘˘·······/˘ |
| be cut into | 4 | ···· |
| by a wooden spear; through- | 6 | ··/˘·· |
| out childhood to the present time, the unity of | 13 | ·/···/˘··/˘˘· |
| life and death has been expressed by the circumference | 12 | ·····˘/··˘/˘ |
| described by my | 4 | ˘/·· |
| trunk; nevertheless, I | 6 | ··˘˘/· |
| perceive feats of strength to be inexplicable after | 14 | ˘/······˘/˘˘·· |
| all; and I am on my guard; external poise, it | 12 | ·······˘/˘·· |
| has its centre | 4 | ··/˘ |
| well nurtured—we know | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| where—in pride, but spiritual poise, it has its centre where? | 15 | ····/˘˘˘····/˘· |
| My ears are sensitized to more than the sound of | 12 | ···/˘······· |
| the wind. I see | 4 | ···· |
| and I hear, unlike the | 6 | ···˘/· |
| wandlike body of which one hears so much, which was made | 13 | ··/˘········· |
| to see and not to see; to hear and not to hear; | 12 | ············ |
| that tree trunk without | 5 | ····· |
| roots, accustomed to shout | 6 | ·˘/˘·· |
| its own thoughts to itself like a shell, maintained intact | 13 | ····˘/···˘/˘/ |
| by who knows what strange pressure of the atmosphere; that | 13 | ·····/˘··/˘·· |
| spiritual | 4 | /˘˘˘ |
| brother to the coral | 6 | /˘··/˘ |
| plant, absorbed into which, the equable sapphire light | 14 | ·˘/····/˘˘/˘˘· |
| becomes a nebulous green. The I of each is to | 13 | ˘/·/˘˘······· |
| the I of each, | 4 | ···· |
| a kind of fretful speech | 6 | ···/˘· |
| which sets a limit on itself; the elephant is? | 13 | ···/˘·˘/·/˘˘· |
| Black earth preceded by a tendril? It is to that | 13 | ··˘/˘··/˘···· |
| phenomenon | 4 | ˘/˘· |
| the above formation, | 6 | ···˘/˘ |
| translucent like the atmosphere—a cortex merely— | 13 | ˘/˘··/˘··/˘/˘ |
| that on which darts cannot strike decisively the first | 13 | ····/˘·˘/˘˘·· |
| time, a substance | 4 | ··/˘ |
| needful as an instance | 6 | /˘··/˘ |
| of the indestructibility of matter; it | 13 | ···˘·˘/˘˘·/˘· |
| has looked at the electricity and at the earth- | 13 | ····˘·/˘˘···· |
| quake and is still | 4 | ···· |
| here; the name means thick. Will | 6 | ······ |
| depth be depth, thick skin be thick, to one who can see no | 13 | ············· |
| beautiful element of unreason under it? | 13 | /˘˘/˘˘·˘/˘··· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.