The Falcon

Richard Lovelace (1617–1657) · 1649

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 114 lines · from Lucasta

Fair Princesse of the spacious air,That hast vouchsaf'd acquaintance here,With us are quarter'd below stairs,That can reach heav'n with nought but pray'rs;Who, when our activ'st wings we try,Advance a foot into the sky.

Bright heir t' th' bird imperial,From whose avenging penons fallThunder and lightning twisted spun!Brave cousin-german to the Sun!That didst forsake thy throne and sphere,To be an humble pris'ner here;And for a pirch of her soft hand,Resign the royal woods' command.

How often would'st thou shoot heav'ns ark,Then mount thy self into a lark;And after our short faint eyes call,When now a fly, now nought at all!Then stoop so swift unto our sence,As thou wert sent intelligence!

Free beauteous slave, thy happy feetIn silver fetters vervails meet,And trample on that noble wrist,The gods have kneel'd in vain t' have kist.But gaze not, bold deceived spye,Too much oth' lustre of her eye;The Sun thou dost out stare, alas!Winks at the glory of her face.

Be safe then in thy velvet helm,Her looks are calms that do orewhelm,Then the Arabian bird more blest,Chafe in the spicery of her breast,And loose you in her breath a windSow'rs the delicious gales of Inde.

But now a quill from thine own wingI pluck, thy lofty fate to sing;Whilst we behold the varions fightWith mingled pleasure and affright;The humbler hinds do fall to pray'r,As when an army's seen i' th' air,And the prophetick spannels run,And howle thy epicedium.

The heron mounted doth appearOn his own Peg'sus a lanceer,And seems, on earth when he doth hut,A proper halberdier on foot;Secure i' th' moore, about to sup,The dogs have beat his quarters up.

And now he takes the open air,Drawes up his wings with tactick care;Whilst th' expert falcon swift doth climbeIn subtle mazes serpentine;And to advantage closely twin'dShe gets the upper sky and wind,Where she dissembles to invade,And lies a pol'tick ambuscade.

The hedg'd-in heron, whom the foeAwaits above, and dogs below,In his fortification lies,And makes him ready for surprize;When roused with a shrill alarm,Was shouted from beneath: they arm.

The falcon charges at first viewWith her brigade of talons, throughWhose shoots, the wary heron beatWith a well counterwheel'd retreat.But the bold gen'ral, never lost,Hath won again her airy post;Who, wild in this affront, now fryes,Then gives a volley of her eyes.

The desp'rate heron now contractsIn one design all former facts;Noble, he is resolv'd to fall,His and his en'mies funerall,And (to be rid of her) to dy,A publick martyr of the sky.

When now he turns his last to wreakThe palizadoes of his beak,The raging foe impatient,Wrack'd with revenge, and fury rent,Swift as the thunderbolt he strikesToo sure upon the stand of pikes;There she his naked breast doth hit,And on the case of rapiers's split.

But ev'n in her expiring pangsThe heron's pounc'd within her phangs,And so above she stoops to rise,A trophee and a sacrifice;Whilst her own bells in the sad fallRing out the double funerall.

Ah, victory, unhap'ly wonne!Weeping and red is set the Sun;Whilst the whole field floats in one tear,And all the air doth mourning wear.Close-hooded all thy kindred comeTo pay their vows upon thy tombe;The hobby and the musket tooDo march to take their last adieu.

The lanner and the lanneretThy colours bear as banneret;The GOSHAWK and her TERCEL rows'dWith tears attend thee as new bows'd,All these are in their dark array,Led by the various herald-jay.

But thy eternal name shall liveWhilst quills from ashes fame reprieve,Whilst open stands renown's wide dore,And wings are left on which to soar;Doctor robbin, the prelate pye,And the poetick swan, shall dye,Only to sing thy elegie.

"Then rouse thee, muse, each little hobby pliesAt scarabes and painted butterflies."Wither's ABUSES STRIPT AND WHIPT, 1613.

Words in this poem 24
princesse a.
A term applied to a lady's long, close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one. [F., a princess.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
beauteous a.
Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
kist n.
A chest; hence, a coffin. Jamieson. [See Chest.]
lustre n.
A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
spicery n.
Spices, in general. [OF. espicerie, F. épicerie.]
inde a.
Azure-colored; of a bright blue color. Rom. of R.
humbler n.
One who, or that which, humbles some one.
halberdier n.
One who is armed with a halberd. Strype. [F. hallebardier.]
ambuscade n.
A lying in a wood, concealed, for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose; a snare laid for an enemy; an ambush. [F. embuscade, fr. It. imboscata, or Sp. emboscada, fr. emboscar to ambush, fr. LL. imboscare. See Ambush, v. t.]
brigade n.
A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a brigadier general. [F. brigade, fr. It. brigata troop, crew, brigade, originally, a contending troop, fr. briga trouble, quarrel. See Brigand.]
wreak v. i.
To reck; to care.
thunderbolt n.
A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of electricity passing from one part of the heavens to another, or from the clouds to the earth.
expiring a.
Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.
wonne v. i.
To dwell or abide. [See 1st Wone.]
hobby n.
A small, strong-winged European falcon (Falco subbuteo), formerly trained for hawking. [OE. hobi; cf. OF. hobe, hobé, F. hobereau a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. hober to move, stir. Cf. Hobby a horse.]
lanner n.
A long-tailed falcon (Falco lanarius), of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa, resembling the American prairie falcon. [F. lanier, OF. also, lasnier. Cf. Lanyard.]
lanneret n.
A long-tailed falcon (Falco lanarius), of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa, resembling the American prairie falcon. [F. lanier, OF. also, lasnier. Cf. Lanyard.]
banneret n.
Originally, a knight who led his vassals into the field under his own banner; -- commonly used as a title of rank. [OE. baneret, OF. baneret, F. banneret; properly a dim. of OF. baniere. See Banner.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
reprieve v. t.
To delay the punishment of; to suspend the execution of sentence on; to give a respite to; to respite; as, to reprieve a criminal for thirty days. [OE. repreven to reject, disallow, OF. reprover to blame, reproach, condemn (pres. il reprueve), F. réprouver to disapprove, fr. L. reprobare to reject, condemn;]
dore v. t.
One who does; one performs or executes; one who is wont and ready to act; an actor; an agent. [From Do, v. t. & i.]
robbin n.
A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of rice in Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. Simmonds.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Falcon is in the public domain. This text is taken from Lucasta, Project Gutenberg ebook #703; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Richard Lovelace, The Falcon, in Lucasta (1649), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #703, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lovelace-lucasta/the-falcon.html, id L13041.

Form and metre

The Falcon is 114 lines in 17 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 79% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.1 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 20% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCC airA · hereA · stairsB · pray'rsB · tryC · skyC
  2. 2 AABBCCDD imperialA · fallA · spunB · sunB · sphereC · hereC · handD · commandD
  3. 3 AABBCC arkA · larkA · callB · allB · senceC · intelligenceC
  4. 4 AABB---- feetA · meetA · wristB · kistB · spye · eye · alas · face
  5. 5 AABBCC helmA · orewhelmA · blestB · breastB · windC · indeC
  6. 6 AABB---- wingA · singA · fightB · affrightB · pray'r · air · run · epicedium
  7. 7 AA--BB appearA · lanceerA · hut · foot · supB · upB
  8. 8 AA--BBCC airA · careA · climbe · serpentine · twin'dB · windB · invadeC · ambuscadeC
  9. 9 AABBCC foeA · belowA · liesB · surprizeB · alarmC · armC
  10. 10 AABB--CC viewA · throughA · beatB · retreatB · lost · post · fryesC · eyesC
  11. 11 AABB-- contractsA · factsA · fallB · funerallB · dy · sky
  12. 12 AABBCCDD wreakA · beakA · impatientB · rentB · strikesC · pikesC · hitD · splitD
  13. 13 AA--BB pangsA · phangsA · rise · sacrifice · fallB · funerallB
  14. 14 AABB--CC wonneA · sunA · tearB · wearB · come · tombe · tooC · adieuC
  15. 15 AABBCC lanneretA · banneretA · rows'dB · bows'dB · arrayC · jayC
  16. 16 --AABB- live · reprieve · doreA · soarA · pyeB · dyeB · elegie
  17. 17 AA- pliesA · butterfliesA · —
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Fair Princesse of the spacious air,8·/˘··/˘·
That hast vouchsaf'd acquaintance here,8····˘/˘·
With us are quarter'd below stairs,8········
That can reach heav'n with nought but pray'rs;8········
Who, when our activ'st wings we try,8··/·····
Advance a foot into the sky.8˘/······
Bright heir t' th' bird imperial,8····˘/˘˘
From whose avenging penons fall8··˘/˘···
Thunder and lightning twisted spun!8/˘·/˘/˘·
Brave cousin-german to the Sun!8·/˘/˘···
That didst forsake thy throne and sphere,8··˘/····
To be an humble pris'ner here;8···/˘···
And for a pirch of her soft hand,8········
Resign the royal woods' command.8˘/·/˘·˘/
How often would'st thou shoot heav'ns ark,8·/˘·····
Then mount thy self into a lark;8········
And after our short faint eyes call,8···/····
When now a fly, now nought at all!8········
Then stoop so swift unto our sence,8······/·
As thou wert sent intelligence!8····˘/˘˘
Free beauteous slave, thy happy feet9·/˘˘··/˘·
In silver fetters vervails meet,8·/˘/˘···
And trample on that noble wrist,8·/˘··/˘·
The gods have kneel'd in vain t' have kist.9·········
But gaze not, bold deceived spye,8····˘/˘·
Too much oth' lustre of her eye;8···/˘···
The Sun thou dost out stare, alas!8······˘/
Winks at the glory of her face.8···/˘···
Be safe then in thy velvet helm,8·····/˘·
Her looks are calms that do orewhelm,9·········
Then the Arabian bird more blest,8··˘/˘···
Chafe in the spicery of her breast,9···/˘˘···
And loose you in her breath a wind8········
Sow'rs the delicious gales of Inde.8··˘/˘···
But now a quill from thine own wing8········
I pluck, thy lofty fate to sing;8···/˘···
Whilst we behold the varions fight8··˘/····
With mingled pleasure and affright;8·/˘/˘·˘/
The humbler hinds do fall to pray'r,8·/˘·····
As when an army's seen i' th' air,8···/˘···
And the prophetick spannels run,8········
And howle thy epicedium.8·/˘·····
The heron mounted doth appear8·/˘/˘·˘/
On his own Peg'sus a lanceer,8········
And seems, on earth when he doth hut,8········
A proper halberdier on foot;8·/˘·····
Secure i' th' moore, about to sup,8˘/······
The dogs have beat his quarters up.8·····/˘·
And now he takes the open air,8·····/˘·
Drawes up his wings with tactick care;8········
Whilst th' expert falcon swift doth climbe8·/˘/˘···
In subtle mazes serpentine;8·/˘/˘/˘·
And to advantage closely twin'd8··˘/˘/˘·
She gets the upper sky and wind,8···/˘···
Where she dissembles to invade,8··˘/˘·˘/
And lies a pol'tick ambuscade.8········
The hedg'd-in heron, whom the foe8···/˘···
Awaits above, and dogs below,8˘/······
In his fortification lies,8···˘˘/˘·
And makes him ready for surprize;8···/˘···
When roused with a shrill alarm,8··˘···˘/
Was shouted from beneath: they arm.8·/˘·····
The falcon charges at first view8·/˘/˘···
With her brigade of talons, through8··˘/·/˘·
Whose shoots, the wary heron beat8···/˘/˘·
With a well counterwheel'd retreat.8······˘/
But the bold gen'ral, never lost,8·····/˘·
Hath won again her airy post;8··˘/·/˘·
Who, wild in this affront, now fryes,8····˘/··
Then gives a volley of her eyes.8···/˘···
The desp'rate heron now contracts8···/˘·˘/
In one design all former facts;8··˘/·/˘·
Noble, he is resolv'd to fall,8/˘··˘/··
His and his en'mies funerall,7····/˘˘
And (to be rid of her) to dy,8········
A publick martyr of the sky.8···/˘···
When now he turns his last to wreak8········
The palizadoes of his beak,7·······
The raging foe impatient,7·/˘·˘/˘
Wrack'd with revenge, and fury rent,8··˘/·/˘·
Swift as the thunderbolt he strikes8···/˘···
Too sure upon the stand of pikes;8········
There she his naked breast doth hit,8···/˘···
And on the case of rapiers's split.8········
But ev'n in her expiring pangs8····˘/˘·
The heron's pounc'd within her phangs,8·/˘·····
And so above she stoops to rise,8········
A trophee and a sacrifice;8·····/˘·
Whilst her own bells in the sad fall8········
Ring out the double funerall.8···/˘/˘˘
Ah, victory, unhap'ly wonne!8·/˘˘····
Weeping and red is set the Sun;8/˘······
Whilst the whole field floats in one tear,8········
And all the air doth mourning wear.8·····/˘·
Close-hooded all thy kindred come8·/˘··/˘·
To pay their vows upon thy tombe;8········
The hobby and the musket too8·/˘··/˘·
Do march to take their last adieu.8······˘/
The lanner and the lanneret8········
Thy colours bear as banneret;8·/˘··/˘˘
The GOSHAWK and her TERCEL rows'd8·/···/˘·
With tears attend thee as new bows'd,8··˘/····
All these are in their dark array,8······˘/
Led by the various herald-jay.8···/˘/˘·
But thy eternal name shall live8··˘/˘···
Whilst quills from ashes fame reprieve,8···/˘·˘/
Whilst open stands renown's wide dore,8·/˘·˘/··
And wings are left on which to soar;8········
Doctor robbin, the prelate pye,8/˘/˘·/··
And the poetick swan, shall dye,7·······
Only to sing thy elegie.8/˘······
"Then rouse thee, muse, each little hobby plies10·····/˘/˘·
At scarabes and painted butterflies."9····/˘/˘·
Wither's ABUSES STRIPT AND WHIPT, 1613.8/˘˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Richard Lovelace