A Duell

Richard Lovelace (1617–1657) · 1649

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 194 lines · from Lucasta

Upon a day, when the Dog-starUnto the world proclaim'd a war,And poyson bark'd from black throat,And from his jaws infection shot,Under a deadly hen-bane shadeWith slime infernal mists are made,Met the two dreaded enemies,Having their weapons in their eyes.

First from his den rolls forth that loadOf spite and hate, the speckl'd toad,And from his chaps a foam doth spawn,Such as the loathed three heads yawn;Defies his foe with a fell spit,To wade through death to meet with it;Then in his self the lymbeck turns,And his elixir'd poyson urns.Arachne, once the fear oth' maidCoelestial, thus unto her pray'd:Heaven's blew-ey'd daughter, thine own mother!The Python-killing Sun's thy brother.Oh! thou, from gods that didst descend,With a poor virgin to contend,Shall seed of earth and hell ere beA rival in thy victorie?Pallas assents: for now long timeAnd pity had clean rins'd her crime;When straight she doth with active fireHer many legged foe inspire.Have you not seen a charact lieA great cathedral in the sea,Under whose Babylonian wallsA small thin frigot almshouse stalls?So in his slime the toad doth floatAnd th' spyder by, but seems his boat.And now the naumachie begins;Close to the surface her self spins:Arachne, when her foe lets flyeA broad-side of his breath too high,That's over-shot, the wisely-stout,Advised maid doth tack about;And now her pitchy barque doth sweat,Chaf'd in her own black fury wet;Lasie and cold before, she bringsNew fires to her contracted stings,And with discolour'd spumes doth blastThe herbs that to their center hast.Now to the neighb'ring henbane topArachne hath her self wound up,And thence, from its dilated leaves,By her own cordage downwards weaves,And doth her town of foe attack,And storms the rampiers of his back;Which taken in her colours spread,March to th' citadel of's head.Now as in witty torturing Spain,The brain is vext to vex the brain,Where hereticks bare heads are arm'dIn a close helm, and in it charm'dAn overgrown and meagre rat,That peece-meal nibbles himself fat;So on the toads blew-checquer'd scullThe spider gluttons her self full.And vomiting her Stygian seeds,Her poyson on his poyson feeds.Thus the invenom'd toad, now grownBig with more poyson than his own,Doth gather all his pow'rs, and shakesHis stormer in's disgorged lakes;And wounded now, apace crawls onTo his next plantane surgeon,With whose rich balm no sooner drest,But purged is his sick swoln breast;And as a glorious combatant,That only rests awhile to pant,Then with repeated strength and scars,That smarting fire him new to wars,Deals blows that thick themselves prevent,As they would gain the time he spent.

So the disdaining angry toad,That calls but a thin useless load,His fatal feared self comes backWith unknown venome fill'd to crack.Th' amased spider, now untwin'd,Hath crept up, and her self new lin'dWith fresh salt foams and mists, that blastThe ambient air as they past.And now me thinks a Sphynx's wingI pluck, and do not write, but sting;With their black blood my pale inks blent,Gall's but a faint ingredient.The pol'tick toad doth now withdraw,Warn'd, higher in CAMPANIA.There wisely doth, intrenched deep,His body in a body keep,And leaves a wide and open passT' invite the foe up to his jaws,Which there within a foggy blindWith fourscore fire-arms were lin'd.The gen'rous active spider doubtsMore ambuscadoes than redoubts;So within shot she doth pickear,Now gall's the flank, and now the rear;As that the toad in's own dispiteMust change the manner of his fight,Who, like a glorious general,With one home-charge lets fly at all.Chaf'd with a fourfold ven'mous foamOf scorn, revenge, his foes and 's own,He seats him in his loathed chair,New-made him by each mornings air,With glowing eyes he doth surveyTh' undaunted hoast he calls his prey;Then his dark spume he gred'ly laps,And shows the foe his grave, his chaps.

Whilst the quick wary AmazonOf 'vantage takes occasion,And with her troop of leggs carreersIn a full speed with all her speers.Down (as some mountain on a mouse)On her small cot he flings his house;Without the poyson of the elf,The toad had like t' have burst himself:For sage Arachne with good heedHad stopt herself upon full speed,And, 's body now disorder'd, onShe falls to execution.The passive toad now only canContemn and suffer. Here beganThe wronged maids ingenious rage,Which his heart venome must asswage.One eye she hath spet out, strange smother,When one flame doth put out another,And one eye wittily spar'd, that heMight but behold his miserie.She on each spot a wound doth print,And each speck hath a sting within't;Till he but one new blister is,And swells his own periphrasis.Then fainting, sick, and yellow-pale,She baths him with her sulph'rous stale;Thus slacked is her Stygian fire,And she vouchsafes now to retire.Anon the toad begins to pant,Bethinks him of th' almighty plant,And lest he peece-meal should be sped,Wisely doth finish himself dead.Whilst the gay girl, as was her fate,Doth wanton and luxuriate,And crowns her conqu'ring head all orWith fatal leaves of hellebore.Not guessing at the pretious aidWas lent her by the heavenly maid.The neer expiring toad now rowlsHimself in lazy bloody scrowls,To th' sov'raign salve of all his ills,That only life and health distills.But loe! a terror above all,That ever yet did him befall!

Pallas, still mindful of her foe,(Whilst they did with each fires glow)Had to the place the spiders larDispath'd before the ev'nings star.He learned was in Natures laws,Of all her foliage knew the cause,And 'mongst the rest in his choice wantUnplanted had this plantane plant.

The all-confounded toad doth seeHis life fled with his remedie,And in a glorious despairFirst burst himself, and next the air;Then with a dismal horred yellBeats down his loathsome breath to hell.

But what inestimable blissThis to the sated virgin is,Who, as before of her fiend foe,Now full is of her goddess too!She from her fertile womb hath spunHer stateliest pavillion,Whilst all her silken flags display,And her triumphant banners play;Where Pallas she ith' midst doth praise,And counterfeits her brothers rayes,Nor will she her dear lar forget,Victorious by his benefit,Whose roof inchanted she doth freeFrom haunting gnat and goblin bee,Who, trapp'd in her prepared toyle,To their destruction keep a coyle.

Then she unlocks the toad's dire head,Within whose cell is treasuredThat pretious stone, which she doth callA noble recompence for all,And to her lar doth it present,Of his fair aid a monument.

Words in this poem 36
wade n.
Woad. Mortimer.
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
pallas n.
Pallas Athene, the Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also Athene, and identified, at a later period, with the Roman Minerva.
charact n.
A distinctive mark; a character; a letter or sign. See Character.
babylonian a.
Of or pertaining to the real or to the mystical Babylon, or to the ancient kingdom of Babylonia; Chaldean.
almshouse n.
A house appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.
pitchy a.
Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch. [From 1st Pitch.]
barque n.
Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now applied poetically to a sailing vessel or boat of any kind. [F. barque, fr. Sp. or It. barca, fr. LL. barca for barica. See Barge.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
henbane n.
A plant of the genus Hyoscyamus (H. niger). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. [Hen + bane.]
witty a.
Possessed of wit; knowing; wise; skillful; judicious; clever; cunning. [AS. witig, wittig. See Wit, n.]
meagre a.
Destitue of, or having little, flesh; lean. [OE. merge, F. maigre, L. macer; akin to D. & G. mager, Icel. magr, and prob. to Gr. Emaciate, Maigre.]
scull n.
A shoal of fish. [See 1st School.]
stygian a.
Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal.
apace adv.
With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.]
swoln
Contraction of Swollen, p. p.
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
pant v. i.
To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp. [Cf. F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have t]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
ambient a.
Encompassing on all sides; circumfused; investing. [L. ambiens, p. pr. of ambire to go around; amb- + ire to go.]
blent p. p.
Blinded. Also (Chaucer), 3d sing. pres. Blindeth.
campania n.
Open country. Sir W. Temple. [See Campaig.]
fourscore a.
Four times twenty; eighty. [Four + core, n.]
undaunted a.
Not daunted; not subdued or depressed by fear.
contemn v. t.
To view or treat with contempt, as mean and despicable; to reject with disdain; to despise; to scorn. [L. contemnere, -temptum; con- + temnere to slight, despise: cf. OF. contemner.]
spet v. t.
To spit; to throw out. [AS. sp. See Spit.]
wittily adv.
In a witty manner; wisely; ingeniously; artfully; with it; with a delicate turn or phrase, or with an ingenious association of ideas.
anon adv.
Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
luxuriate v. i.
To grow exuberantly; to grow to superfluous abundance. [L. luxuriatus, p. p. of luxuriari, -are, to luxuriate. See Luxury.]
expiring a.
Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.
mindful a.
Bearing in mind; regardful; attentive; heedful; observant.
dismal a.
Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phr]
womb n.
The belly; the abdomen. [OE. wombe, wambe, AS. wamb, womb; akin to D. wam belly, OS. & OHG. wamba, G. wamme, wampe, Icel. vömb, Sw. v&mb, Dan. vom, Goth. wamba.]
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Duell is in the public domain. This text is taken from Lucasta, Project Gutenberg ebook #703; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Richard Lovelace, A Duell, in Lucasta (1649), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #703, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lovelace-lucasta/a-duell.html, id L13058.

Form and metre

A Duell is 194 lines in 8 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 78% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. 22 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 26% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----AABB star · war · throat · shot · shadeA · madeA · enemiesB · eyesB
  2. 2 AA--BBCCDDEEFF--GG--HHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPP--QQRRSSTTUUVV--WWXXYYXXZZaa--aa loadA · toadA · spawn · yawn · spitB · itB · turnsC · urnsC · maidD · pray'dD · motherE · brotherE · descendF · contendF · be · victorie · timeG · crimeG · fire · inspire · lieH · seaH · wallsI · stallsI · floatJ · boatJ · beginsK · spinsK · flyeL · highL · stoutM · aboutM · sweatN · wetN · bringsO · stingsO · blastP · hastP · top · up · leavesQ · weavesQ · attackR · backR · spreadS · headS · spainT · brainT · arm'dU · charm'dU · ratV · fatV · scull · full · seedsW · feedsW · grownX · ownX · shakesY · lakesY · onX · surgeonX · drestZ · breastZ · combatanta · panta · scars · wars · preventa · spenta
  3. 3 AABBCCDDEEFF--GG--HH--IIJJKK--LLMMNN toadA · loadA · backB · crackB · untwin'dC · lin'dC · blastD · pastD · wingE · stingE · blentF · ingredientF · withdraw · campania · deepG · keepG · pass · jaws · blindH · lin'dH · doubts · redoubts · pickearI · rearI · dispiteJ · fightJ · generalK · allK · foam · own · chairL · airL · surveyM · preyM · lapsN · chapsN
  4. 4 AABBCCDDEEFFFF--GG--HH--II--JJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ amazonA · occasionA · carreersB · speersB · mouseC · houseC · elfD · himselfD · heedE · speedE · onF · executionF · canF · beganF · rage · asswage · smotherG · anotherG · he · miserie · printH · within'tH · is · periphrasis · paleI · staleI · fire · retire · pantJ · plantJ · spedK · deadK · fateL · luxuriateL · orM · helleboreM · aidN · maidN · rowlsO · scrowlsO · illsP · distillsP · allQ · befallQ
  5. 5 AABBCC-- foeA · glowA · larB · starB · lawsC · causeC · want · plant
  6. 6 --AABB see · remedie · despairA · airA · yellB · hellB
  7. 7 ----AABBCCDDEEFF bliss · is · foe · too · spunA · pavillionA · displayB · playB · praiseC · rayesC · forgetD · benefitD · freeE · beeE · toyleF · coyleF
  8. 8 AABB-- headA · treasuredA · callB · allB · present · monument
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Upon a day, when the Dog-star8········
Unto the world proclaim'd a war,8····˘/··
And poyson bark'd from black throat,7·······
And from his jaws infection shot,8····˘/˘·
Under a deadly hen-bane shade8···/˘···
With slime infernal mists are made,8··˘/˘···
Met the two dreaded enemies,8···/˘/˘˘
Having their weapons in their eyes.8/˘·/˘···
First from his den rolls forth that load8········
Of spite and hate, the speckl'd toad,8·····/˘·
And from his chaps a foam doth spawn,8········
Such as the loathed three heads yawn;8····˘···
Defies his foe with a fell spit,8˘/······
To wade through death to meet with it;8········
Then in his self the lymbeck turns,8········
And his elixir'd poyson urns.8········
Arachne, once the fear oth' maid7·······
Coelestial, thus unto her pray'd:8········
Heaven's blew-ey'd daughter, thine own mother!10/˘··/˘··/˘
The Python-killing Sun's thy brother.9·/˘/˘··/˘
Oh! thou, from gods that didst descend,8······˘/
With a poor virgin to contend,8···/˘·˘/
Shall seed of earth and hell ere be8········
A rival in thy victorie?8·/˘·····
Pallas assents: for now long time8··˘/····
And pity had clean rins'd her crime;8·/˘·····
When straight she doth with active fire9·····/˘/˘
Her many legged foe inspire.8·/˘/˘·˘/
Have you not seen a charact lie8·····/˘·
A great cathedral in the sea,8··˘/˘···
Under whose Babylonian walls8····˘/˘·
A small thin frigot almshouse stalls?8·····/˘·
So in his slime the toad doth float8········
And th' spyder by, but seems his boat.8········
And now the naumachie begins;8······˘/
Close to the surface her self spins:8···/˘···
Arachne, when her foe lets flye7·······
A broad-side of his breath too high,8········
That's over-shot, the wisely-stout,8·····/˘·
Advised maid doth tack about;8˘/˘·····
And now her pitchy barque doth sweat,8···/˘···
Chaf'd in her own black fury wet;8·····/˘·
Lasie and cold before, she brings8········
New fires to her contracted stings,8·/··/˘˘·
And with discolour'd spumes doth blast8········
The herbs that to their center hast.8·····/˘·
Now to the neighb'ring henbane top8·····/··
Arachne hath her self wound up,7·······
And thence, from its dilated leaves,8····˘/˘·
By her own cordage downwards weaves,8···/˘/˘·
And doth her town of foe attack,8······˘/
And storms the rampiers of his back;8········
Which taken in her colours spread,8·/˘··/˘·
March to th' citadel of's head.7··/˘···
Now as in witty torturing Spain,8···/˘/˘·
The brain is vext to vex the brain,8········
Where hereticks bare heads are arm'd8········
In a close helm, and in it charm'd8········
An overgrown and meagre rat,8··˘/·/˘·
That peece-meal nibbles himself fat;8···/˘˘/·
So on the toads blew-checquer'd scull8········
The spider gluttons her self full.8·/˘/˘···
And vomiting her Stygian seeds,8·/˘·/˘˘·
Her poyson on his poyson feeds.8········
Thus the invenom'd toad, now grown8········
Big with more poyson than his own,8········
Doth gather all his pow'rs, and shakes8·/˘·····
His stormer in's disgorged lakes;8·/˘·˘/˘·
And wounded now, apace crawls on8·/˘·˘/··
To his next plantane surgeon,7·····/˘
With whose rich balm no sooner drest,8·····/˘·
But purged is his sick swoln breast;8··˘·····
And as a glorious combatant,9···/˘˘˘/˘
That only rests awhile to pant,8·/˘·˘/··
Then with repeated strength and scars,8··˘/˘···
That smarting fire him new to wars,8·/˘/····
Deals blows that thick themselves prevent,8····˘/˘/
As they would gain the time he spent.8········
So the disdaining angry toad,8··˘/˘/˘·
That calls but a thin useless load,8·····/˘·
His fatal feared self comes back8·/˘·˘···
With unknown venome fill'd to crack.8·˘/·····
Th' amased spider, now untwin'd,8··˘/˘···
Hath crept up, and her self new lin'd8········
With fresh salt foams and mists, that blast8········
The ambient air as they past.8·/˘˘····
And now me thinks a Sphynx's wing7·······
I pluck, and do not write, but sting;8········
With their black blood my pale inks blent,8········
Gall's but a faint ingredient.8····˘/˘˘
The pol'tick toad doth now withdraw,8······˘/
Warn'd, higher in CAMPANIA.8·/˘·˘/˘˘
There wisely doth, intrenched deep,8·/˘···˘·
His body in a body keep,8·/˘··/˘·
And leaves a wide and open pass8·····/˘·
T' invite the foe up to his jaws,9·˘/······
Which there within a foggy blind8·····/˘·
With fourscore fire-arms were lin'd.8·/˘/˘···
The gen'rous active spider doubts8···/˘/˘·
More ambuscadoes than redoubts;7·····˘/
So within shot she doth pickear,8········
Now gall's the flank, and now the rear;8········
As that the toad in's own dispite8········
Must change the manner of his fight,8···/˘···
Who, like a glorious general,9···/˘˘/˘˘
With one home-charge lets fly at all.8········
Chaf'd with a fourfold ven'mous foam8···//···
Of scorn, revenge, his foes and 's own,9··˘/·····
He seats him in his loathed chair,8······˘·
New-made him by each mornings air,8·····/˘·
With glowing eyes he doth survey8·/˘···˘/
Th' undaunted hoast he calls his prey;8˘/˘·····
Then his dark spume he gred'ly laps,8········
And shows the foe his grave, his chaps.8········
Whilst the quick wary Amazon8···/˘/˘·
Of 'vantage takes occasion,7·/˘·˘/˘
And with her troop of leggs carreers8········
In a full speed with all her speers.8········
Down (as some mountain on a mouse)8···/˘···
On her small cot he flings his house;8········
Without the poyson of the elf,8········
The toad had like t' have burst himself:9·······˘/
For sage Arachne with good heed7·······
Had stopt herself upon full speed,8··˘/····
And, 's body now disorder'd, on9··/˘·˘/˘·
She falls to execution.7····˘/˘
The passive toad now only can8·/˘··/˘·
Contemn and suffer. Here began8˘/·/˘·˘/
The wronged maids ingenious rage,8··˘·˘/˘·
Which his heart venome must asswage.8······˘/
One eye she hath spet out, strange smother,9·······/˘
When one flame doth put out another,9······˘/˘
And one eye wittily spar'd, that he8···/˘···
Might but behold his miserie.8··˘/····
She on each spot a wound doth print,8········
And each speck hath a sting within't;8········
Till he but one new blister is,8·····/˘·
And swells his own periphrasis.8····˘/˘˘
Then fainting, sick, and yellow-pale,8·/˘··/˘·
She baths him with her sulph'rous stale;8········
Thus slacked is her Stygian fire,9····/˘˘/˘
And she vouchsafes now to retire.8······˘/
Anon the toad begins to pant,8˘/··˘/··
Bethinks him of th' almighty plant,8····˘/˘·
And lest he peece-meal should be sped,8········
Wisely doth finish himself dead.8/˘·/˘˘/·
Whilst the gay girl, as was her fate,8········
Doth wanton and luxuriate,8·/˘·˘/˘˘
And crowns her conqu'ring head all or9·········
With fatal leaves of hellebore.8·/˘··/˘˘
Not guessing at the pretious aid8·/˘·····
Was lent her by the heavenly maid.8·····/˘·
The neer expiring toad now rowls8··˘/˘···
Himself in lazy bloody scrowls,8˘/·/˘/˘·
To th' sov'raign salve of all his ills,8········
That only life and health distills.8·/˘···˘/
But loe! a terror above all,8···/˘···
That ever yet did him befall!8·/˘···˘/
Pallas, still mindful of her foe,8···/˘···
(Whilst they did with each fires glow)8·····/˘·
Had to the place the spiders lar8·····/˘·
Dispath'd before the ev'nings star.8········
He learned was in Natures laws,8··˘··/˘·
Of all her foliage knew the cause,8···/˘···
And 'mongst the rest in his choice want8········
Unplanted had this plantane plant.8········
The all-confounded toad doth see8··˘/˘···
His life fled with his remedie,8········
And in a glorious despair8···/˘˘˘/
First burst himself, and next the air;8··˘/····
Then with a dismal horred yell8···/˘·˘·
Beats down his loathsome breath to hell.8···/˘···
But what inestimable bliss8··˘/˘˘˘·
This to the sated virgin is,8···/˘/˘·
Who, as before of her fiend foe,8········
Now full is of her goddess too!8·····/˘·
She from her fertile womb hath spun8···/˘···
Her stateliest pavillion,7····˘/˘
Whilst all her silken flags display,8···/˘·˘/
And her triumphant banners play;8··˘/˘/˘·
Where Pallas she ith' midst doth praise,8········
And counterfeits her brothers rayes,8·/˘··/˘·
Nor will she her dear lar forget,8······˘/
Victorious by his benefit,9˘/˘˘··/˘˘
Whose roof inchanted she doth free8········
From haunting gnat and goblin bee,8·/˘··/˘·
Who, trapp'd in her prepared toyle,8····˘/··
To their destruction keep a coyle.8··˘/˘···
Then she unlocks the toad's dire head,8··˘/····
Within whose cell is treasured8·····/˘˘
That pretious stone, which she doth call8········
A noble recompence for all,8·/˘·····
And to her lar doth it present,8······/˘
Of his fair aid a monument.8·····/˘˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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