The Belfry of Bruges
In the market-place of Bruges stands the belfry old and brown;Thrice consumed and thrice rebuilded, still it watches o'er thetown.
As the summer morn was breaking, on that lofty tower I stood,And the world threw off the darkness, like the weeds of widowhood.
Thick with towns and hamlets studded, and with streams and vapors gray,Like a shield embossed with silver, round and vast the landscape lay.
At my feet the city slumbered. From its chimneys, here and there,Wreaths of snow-white smoke, ascending, vanished, ghost-like, into air.
Not a sound rose from the city at that early morning hour,But I heard a heart of iron beating in the ancient tower.
From their nests beneath the rafters sang the swallows wild and high;And the world, beneath me sleeping, seemed more distant than the sky.
Then most musical and solemn, bringing back the olden times,With their strange, unearthly changes rang the melancholy chimes,
Like the psalms from some old cloister, when the nuns sing in the choir;And the great bell tolled among them, like the chanting of a friar.
Visions of the days departed, shadowy phantoms filled my brain;They who live in history only seemed to walk the earth again;
All the Foresters of Flanders,--mighty Baldwin Bras de Fer,Lyderick du Bucq and Cressy Philip, Guy de Dampierre.
I beheld the pageants splendid that adorned those days of old;Stately dames, like queens attended, knights who bore the Fleece of Gold
Lombard and Venetian merchants with deep-laden argosies;Ministers from twenty nations; more than royal pomp and ease.
I beheld proud Maximilian, kneeling humbly on the ground;I beheld the gentle Mary, hunting with her hawk and hound;
And her lighted bridal-chamber, where a duke slept with the queen,And the armed guard around them, and the sword unsheathed between.
I beheld the Flemish weavers, with Namur and Juliers bold,Marching homeward from the bloody battle of the Spurs of Gold;
Saw the light at Minnewater, saw the White Hoods moving west,Saw great Artevelde victorious scale the Golden Dragon's nest.
And again the whiskered Spaniard all the land with terror smote;And again the wild alarum sounded from the tocsin's throat;
Till the bell of Ghent responded o'er lagoon and dike of sand,"I am Roland! I am Roland! there is victory in the land!"
Then the sound of drums aroused me. The awakened city's roarChased the phantoms I had summoned back into their graves once more.
Hours had passed away like minutes; and, before I was aware,Lo! the shadow of the belfry crossed the sun-illumined square.
Words in this poem 16
- belfry n.
- A movable tower erected by besiegers for purposes of attack and defense. [OE. berfray movable tower used in sieges, OF. berfreit, berfroit, F. beffroi, fr. MHG. bervrit, bercvrit, G. bergfriede, fr. MHG. bergen to protect (G. bergen t]
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- widowhood n.
- The state of being a widow; the time during which a woman is widow; also, rarely, the state of being a widower.
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- olden a.
- Old; ancient; as, the olden time.
- unearthly a.
- Not terrestrial; supernatural; preternatural; hence, weird; appalling; terrific; as, an unearthly sight or sound.
- baldwin n.
- A kind of reddish, moderately acid, winter apple. [U.S.]
- cressy a.
- Abounding in cresses.
- lombard a.
- Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy.
- maximilian n.
- A gold coin of Bavaria, of the value of about 13s. 6d. [From the proper name.]
- humbly adv.
- With humility; lowly.
- duke n.
- A leader; a chief; a prince. [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr. ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke]
- homeward a.
- Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
- whiskered a.
- Formed into whiskers; furnished with whiskers; having or wearing whiskers.
- spaniard n.
- A native or inhabitant of Spain.
- lagoon n.
- A shallow sound, channel, pond, or lake, especially one into which the sea flows; as, the lagoons of Venice. [It. or Sp. laguna, L. lacuna ditch, pool, pond,lacus lake. See Lake, and cf. Lacuna.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Belfry of Bruges is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Belfry of Bruges, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/the-belfry-of-bruges.html, id L17525.
Form and metre
The Belfry of Bruges is 41 lines in 20 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 88% of the lines. The metre is trochaic octameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 14.5 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 7% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in trochaic octameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 A-A brownA · the · townA
- 2 AA stoodA · widowhoodA
- 3 AA grayA · layA
- 4 AA thereA · airA
- 5 AA hourA · towerA
- 6 AA highA · skyA
- 7 AA timesA · chimesA
- 8 AA choirA · friarA
- 9 AA brainA · againA
- 11 AA oldA · goldA
- 12 AA argosiesA · easeA
- 13 AA groundA · houndA
- 14 AA queenA · betweenA
- 15 AA boldA · goldA
- 16 AA westA · nestA
- 17 AA smoteA · throatA
- 18 AA sandA · landA
- 19 AA roarA · moreA
- 20 AA awareA · squareA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic octameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| In the market-place of Bruges stands the belfry old and brown; | 15 | ··/˘··/˘··/˘··· |
| Thrice consumed and thrice rebuilded, still it watches o'er the | 14 | ·˘/··˘/˘··/˘·· |
| town. | 1 | · |
| As the summer morn was breaking, on that lofty tower I stood, | 15 | ··/˘··/˘··/˘/·· |
| And the world threw off the darkness, like the weeds of widowhood. | 15 | ······/˘····/˘˘ |
| Thick with towns and hamlets studded, and with streams and vapors gray, | 15 | ····/˘/˘····/˘· |
| Like a shield embossed with silver, round and vast the landscape lay. | 15 | ···˘/·/˘····/·· |
| At my feet the city slumbered. From its chimneys, here and there, | 15 | ····/˘/˘··/˘··· |
| Wreaths of snow-white smoke, ascending, vanished, ghost-like, into air. | 15 | ·····˘/˘/˘····· |
| Not a sound rose from the city at that early morning hour, | 15 | ······/˘··/˘/˘/ |
| But I heard a heart of iron beating in the ancient tower. | 14 | ······//˘··/˘/ |
| From their nests beneath the rafters sang the swallows wild and high; | 15 | ······/˘··/˘··· |
| And the world, beneath me sleeping, seemed more distant than the sky. | 15 | ······/˘··/˘··· |
| Then most musical and solemn, bringing back the olden times, | 14 | ··/˘·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| With their strange, unearthly changes rang the melancholy chimes, | 15 | ···˘/˘/˘··/˘·˘· |
| Like the psalms from some old cloister, when the nuns sing in the choir; | 15 | ······/˘······/ |
| And the great bell tolled among them, like the chanting of a friar. | 15 | ··········/˘··/ |
| Visions of the days departed, shadowy phantoms filled my brain; | 15 | /˘···˘/˘/˘/˘··· |
| They who live in history only seemed to walk the earth again; | 15 | ····/˘/˘·····˘/ |
| All the Foresters of Flanders,--mighty Baldwin Bras de Fer, | 14 | ··/˘·/˘/˘/˘··· |
| Lyderick du Bucq and Cressy Philip, Guy de Dampierre. | 14 | ······/˘/˘··/˘ |
| I beheld the pageants splendid that adorned those days of old; | 15 | ·˘/·/˘/˘·˘/···· |
| Stately dames, like queens attended, knights who bore the Fleece of Gold | 15 | /˘···˘/˘······· |
| Lombard and Venetian merchants with deep-laden argosies; | 14 | /˘·˘/˘/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Ministers from twenty nations; more than royal pomp and ease. | 14 | /˘·/˘/˘··/˘··· |
| I beheld proud Maximilian, kneeling humbly on the ground; | 15 | ·˘/··˘/˘/˘/˘··· |
| I beheld the gentle Mary, hunting with her hawk and hound; | 15 | ·˘/·/˘/˘/˘····· |
| And her lighted bridal-chamber, where a duke slept with the queen, | 15 | ··/˘/˘/˘······· |
| And the armed guard around them, and the sword unsheathed between. | 14 | ·············· |
| I beheld the Flemish weavers, with Namur and Juliers bold, | 15 | ·˘/·/˘/˘······· |
| Marching homeward from the bloody battle of the Spurs of Gold; | 15 | /˘/˘··/˘/˘····· |
| Saw the light at Minnewater, saw the White Hoods moving west, | 15 | ············/˘· |
| Saw great Artevelde victorious scale the Golden Dragon's nest. | 15 | ·····˘/˘··/˘/˘· |
| And again the whiskered Spaniard all the land with terror smote; | 15 | ·˘/·/˘/˘····/˘· |
| And again the wild alarum sounded from the tocsin's throat; | 15 | ·˘/··˘/˘/˘····· |
| Till the bell of Ghent responded o'er lagoon and dike of sand, | 15 | ·····˘/˘·˘/···· |
| "I am Roland! I am Roland! there is victory in the land!" | 15 | ··/˘··/˘··/˘··· |
| Then the sound of drums aroused me. The awakened city's roar | 15 | ·····˘/··˘/˘/˘· |
| Chased the phantoms I had summoned back into their graves once more. | 15 | ··/˘··/˘······· |
| Hours had passed away like minutes; and, before I was aware, | 15 | /··˘/·/˘·····˘/ |
| Lo! the shadow of the belfry crossed the sun-illumined square. | 15 | ··/···/˘···˘/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.