Prelude

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1839–1882

iambic tetrameter · ABAAAB · 120 lines · from The Complete Poetical Works

Πότνια, πότνια νὺξ,ὑπνοδότειρα τῶν πολυπόνον βροτῶν,Ἐρεβόθεν ἴθι μόλε μόλε κατάπτεροςἈγαμεμνόνιον ἐπὶ δόμονὑπὸ γὰρ ἀλγέων, ὑπὸ τε συμφορᾶςδιοιχόμεθ’, οἰχόμεθα.

Pleasant it was, when woods were green,And winds were soft and low,To lie amid some sylvan scene.Where, the long drooping boughs between,Shadows dark and sunlight sheenAlternate come and go;

Or where the denser grove receivesNo sunlight from above,But the dark foliage interweavesIn one unbroken roof of leaves,Underneath whose sloping eavesThe shadows hardly move.

Beneath some patriarchal treeI lay upon the ground;His hoary arms uplifted he,And all the broad leaves over meClapped their little hands in glee,With one continuous sound;—

A slumberous sound, a sound that bringsThe feelings of a dream,As of innumerable wings,As, when a bell no longer swings,Faint the hollow murmur ringsO’er meadow, lake, and stream.

And dreams of that which cannot die,Bright visions, came to me,As lapped in thought I used to lie,And gaze into the summer sky,Where the sailing clouds went by,Like ships upon the sea;

Dreams that the soul of youth engageEre Fancy has been quelled;Old legends of the monkish page,Traditions of the saint and sage,Tales that have the rime of age,And chronicles of Eld.

And, loving still these quaint old themes,Even in the city’s throngI feel the freshness of the streams,That, crossed by shades and sunny gleams,Water the green land of dreams,The holy land of song.

Therefore, at Pentecost, which bringsThe Spring, clothed like a bride,When nestling buds unfold their wings,And bishop’s-caps have golden rings,Musing upon many things,I sought the woodlands wide.

The green trees whispered low and mild;It was a sound of joy!They were my playmates when a child,And rocked me in their arms so wild!Still they looked at me and smiled,As if I were a boy;

And ever whispered, mild and low,“Come, be a child once more!”And waved their long arms to and fro,And beckoned solemnly and slow;O, I could not choose but goInto the woodlands hoar,—

Into the blithe and breathing air,Into the solemn wood,Solemn and silent everywhereNature with folded hands seemed thereKneeling at her evening prayer!Like one in prayer I stood.

Before me rose an avenueOf tall and sombrous pines;Abroad their fan-like branches grew,And, where the sunshine darted through,Spread a vapor soft and blue,In long and sloping lines.

And, falling on my weary brain,Like a fast-falling shower,The dreams of youth came back again,Low lispings of the summer rain,Dropping on the ripened grain,As once upon the flower.

Visions of childhood! Stay, O stay!Ye were so sweet and wild!And distant voices seemed to say,“It cannot be! They pass away!Other themes demand thy lay;Thou art no more a child!

“The land of Song within thee lies,Watered by living springs;The lids of Fancy’s sleepless eyesAre gates unto that Paradise,Holy thoughts, like stars, arise,Its clouds are angels’ wings.

“Learn, that henceforth thy song shall be,Not mountains capped with snow,Nor forests sounding like the sea,Nor rivers flowing ceaselessly,Where the woodlands bend to seeThe bending heavens below.

“There is a forest where the dinOf iron branches sounds!A mighty river roars between,And whosoever looks thereinSees the heavens all black with sin,Sees not its depths, nor bounds.

“Athwart the swinging branches cast,Soft rays of sunshine pour;Then comes the fearful wintry blastOur hopes, like withered leaves, fail fast;Pallid lips say, ‘It is past!We can return no more!’

“Look, then, into thine heart, and write!Yes, into Life’s deep stream!All forms of sorrow and delight,All solemn Voices of the Night,That can soothe thee, or affright,—Be these henceforth thy theme.”

Words in this poem 22
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
sheen v. i.
To shine; to glisten.
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
glee n.
Music; minstrelsy; entertainment.
slumberous a.
Inviting slumber; soporiferous.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
monkish a.
Like a monk, or pertaining to monks; monastic; as, monkish manners; monkish dress; monkish solitude.
rime n.
A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T. [L. rima.]
quaint a.
Prudent; wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily. [OE. queint, queynte, coint, prudent, wise, cunning, pretty, odd, OF. cointe cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L. cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere to ]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
nestling n.
A young bird which has not abandoned the nest. Piers Plowman.
hoar v. t.
To become moldy or musty. [AS. harian to grow gray.]
blithe a.
Gay; merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; as, a blithe spirit. [AS. bli blithe, kind; akin to Goth. blei kind, Icel. bli mild, gentle, Dan. & Sw. blid gentle, D. blijd blithe, OHG. blidi kind, blithe.]
avenue n.
A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit. [F. avenue, fr. avenir to come to, L. advenire. See Advene.]
sombrous a.
Gloomy; somber. [Cf. Sp. sombroso.]
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
childhood n.
The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]
sleepless a.
Having no sleep; wakeful.
henceforth adv.
From this time forward; henceforward.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
wintry a.
Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
soothe v. t.
To assent to as true. Testament of Love. [Originally, to assent to as true; OE. so to verify, AS. ges to prove the truth of, to bear witness. See Sooth, a.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Prelude is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Prelude, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/prelude.html, id L17478.

Form and metre

Prelude is 120 lines in 20 stanzas of 6 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABAAAB, complete in 16 of its 20 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.0 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 19% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AAAAAA — · — · — · — · — · —
  2. 2 ABAAAB greenA · lowB · sceneA · betweenA · sheenA · goB
  3. 3 ABAAAB receivesA · aboveB · interweavesA · leavesA · eavesA · moveB
  4. 4 ABAAAB treeA · groundB · heA · meA · gleeA · soundB
  5. 5 ABAAAB bringsA · dreamB · wingsA · swingsA · ringsA · streamB
  6. 6 ABAAAB dieA · meB · lieA · skyA · byA · seaB
  7. 7 ABAAAB engageA · quelledB · pageA · sageA · ageA · eldB
  8. 8 ABAAAB themesA · throngB · streamsA · gleamsA · dreamsA · songB
  9. 9 ABAAAB bringsA · brideB · wingsA · ringsA · thingsA · wideB
  10. 10 ABAAAB mildA · joyB · childA · wildA · smiledA · boyB
  11. 11 ABAAAB lowA · moreB · froA · slowA · goA · hoarB
  12. 12 ABAAAB airA · woodB · everywhereA · thereA · prayerA · stoodB
  13. 13 ABAAAB avenueA · pinesB · grewA · throughA · blueA · linesB
  14. 14 ABAAAB brainA · showerB · againA · rainA · grainA · flowerB
  15. 15 ABAAAB stayA · wildB · sayA · awayA · layA · childB
  16. 16 ABA-AB liesA · springsB · eyesA · paradise · ariseA · wingsB
  17. 17 ABA-AB beA · snowB · seaA · ceaselessly · seeA · belowB
  18. 18 AB-AAB dinA · soundsB · between · thereinA · sinA · boundsB
  19. 19 ABAAAB castA · pourB · blastA · fastA · pastA · moreB
  20. 20 ABAAAB writeA · streamB · delightA · nightA · affrightA · themeB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Πότνια, πότνια νὺξ,0
ὑπνοδότειρα τῶν πολυπόνον βροτῶν,0
Ἐρεβόθεν ἴθι μόλε μόλε κατάπτερος0
Ἀγαμεμνόνιον ἐπὶ δόμον0
ὑπὸ γὰρ ἀλγέων, ὑπὸ τε συμφορᾶς0
διοιχόμεθ’, οἰχόμεθα.1·
Pleasant it was, when woods were green,8/˘······
And winds were soft and low,6······
To lie amid some sylvan scene.8··˘/·/˘·
Where, the long drooping boughs between,8···/˘···
Shadows dark and sunlight sheen7/···/··
Alternate come and go;6/˘····
Or where the denser grove receives8···/˘·˘/
No sunlight from above,6·/····
But the dark foliage interweaves8···/˘·˘/
In one unbroken roof of leaves,8··˘/˘···
Underneath whose sloping eaves7·˘/·/˘·
The shadows hardly move.6·/·/˘·
Beneath some patriarchal tree8····˘/˘·
I lay upon the ground;6······
His hoary arms uplifted he,8·/˘·/˘˘·
And all the broad leaves over me8········
Clapped their little hands in glee,7··/˘···
With one continuous sound;—7··˘/˘˘·
A slumberous sound, a sound that brings9·/˘˘·····
The feelings of a dream,6·/˘···
As of innumerable wings,8··˘/˘˘˘·
As, when a bell no longer swings,8·····/˘·
Faint the hollow murmur rings7··/˘/˘·
O’er meadow, lake, and stream.6·/····
And dreams of that which cannot die,8·····/˘·
Bright visions, came to me,6·/˘···
As lapped in thought I used to lie,9··˘······
And gaze into the summer sky,8·····/˘·
Where the sailing clouds went by,7··/˘···
Like ships upon the sea;6······
Dreams that the soul of youth engage8······˘/
Ere Fancy has been quelled;6·/˘···
Old legends of the monkish page,8·/˘··/˘·
Traditions of the saint and sage,8˘/˘·····
Tales that have the rime of age,7·······
And chronicles of Eld.6·/˘˘··
And, loving still these quaint old themes,8·/˘·····
Even in the city’s throng7/˘··/˘·
I feel the freshness of the streams,8···/˘···
That, crossed by shades and sunny gleams,9··˘···/˘·
Water the green land of dreams,7/˘·····
The holy land of song.6·/˘···
Therefore, at Pentecost, which brings8···/˘···
The Spring, clothed like a bride,6······
When nestling buds unfold their wings,8·/˘·˘/··
And bishop’s-caps have golden rings,8·/˘··/˘·
Musing upon many things,7/˘··/˘·
I sought the woodlands wide.6···/··
The green trees whispered low and mild;9···/˘˘···
It was a sound of joy!6······
They were my playmates when a child,8···/····
And rocked me in their arms so wild!9··˘······
Still they looked at me and smiled,7·······
As if I were a boy;6······
And ever whispered, mild and low,9·/˘/˘˘···
“Come, be a child once more!”6······
And waved their long arms to and fro,9··˘······
And beckoned solemnly and slow;9·/˘˘/˘˘··
O, I could not choose but go7·······
Into the woodlands hoar,—6···/··
Into the blithe and breathing air,8·····/˘·
Into the solemn wood,6···/˘·
Solemn and silent everywhere8/˘·/˘/˘·
Nature with folded hands seemed there9/˘·/˘··˘·
Kneeling at her evening prayer!7/˘··/˘·
Like one in prayer I stood.6······
Before me rose an avenue8·····/˘·
Of tall and sombrous pines;6···/˘·
Abroad their fan-like branches grew,8˘/···/˘·
And, where the sunshine darted through,8···/·/˘·
Spread a vapor soft and blue,7··/˘···
In long and sloping lines.6···/˘·
And, falling on my weary brain,8·/˘··/˘·
Like a fast-falling shower,7···/˘/˘
The dreams of youth came back again,8······˘/
Low lispings of the summer rain,8·····/˘·
Dropping on the ripened grain,7/˘··/˘·
As once upon the flower.7·····/˘
Visions of childhood! Stay, O stay!8/˘·/····
Ye were so sweet and wild!6······
And distant voices seemed to say,9·/˘/˘·˘··
“It cannot be! They pass away!8·/˘···˘/
Other themes demand thy lay;7/˘·˘/··
Thou art no more a child!6······
“The land of Song within thee lies,8········
Watered by living springs;6/˘·/˘·
The lids of Fancy’s sleepless eyes8···/˘/˘·
Are gates unto that Paradise,8·····/˘·
Holy thoughts, like stars, arise,7/˘···˘/
Its clouds are angels’ wings.6···/˘·
“Learn, that henceforth thy song shall be,8··//····
Not mountains capped with snow,6·/˘···
Nor forests sounding like the sea,8·/˘/˘···
Nor rivers flowing ceaselessly,8·/˘/˘/˘˘
Where the woodlands bend to see7··/····
The bending heavens below.7·/˘/˘··
“There is a forest where the din8···/˘···
Of iron branches sounds!6·/˘/˘·
A mighty river roars between,8·/˘/˘···
And whosoever looks therein8··˘/˘···
Sees the heavens all black with sin,8··/˘····
Sees not its depths, nor bounds.6······
“Athwart the swinging branches cast,8˘/·/˘/˘·
Soft rays of sunshine pour;6···/··
Then comes the fearful wintry blast8···/˘/˘·
Our hopes, like withered leaves, fail fast;10/˘··/˘˘···
Pallid lips say, ‘It is past!7/˘·····
We can return no more!’6··˘/··
“Look, then, into thine heart, and write!8········
Yes, into Life’s deep stream!6······
All forms of sorrow and delight,8···/˘·˘/
All solemn Voices of the Night,8·/˘/˘···
That can soothe thee, or affright,—7·····˘/
Be these henceforth thy theme.”6··//··

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