Poem I

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1839–1882

iambic tetrameter · 143 lines · from The Complete Poetical Works

At the foot of the mountain heightWhere is perched Castel Cuille,When the apple, the plum, and the almond treeIn the plain below were growing white,This is the song one might perceiveOn a Wednesday morn of Saint Joseph's Eve:

"The roads should blossom, the roads should bloom,So fair a bride shall leave her home!Should blossom and bloom with garlands gay,So fair a bride shall pass to-day!"

This old Te Deum, rustic rites attending,Seemed from the clouds descending;When lo! a merry companyOf rosy village girls, clean as the eye,Each one with her attendant swain,Came to the cliff, all singing the same strain;Resembling there, so near unto the sky,Rejoicing angels, that kind Heaven has sentFor their delight and our encouragement.Together blending,And soon descendingThe narrow sweepOf the hillside steep,They wind aslantTowards Saint Amant,Through leafy alleysOf verdurous valleysWith merry salliesSinging their chant:

"The roads should blossom, the roads should bloom,So fair a bride shall leave her home!Should blossom and bloom with garlands gay,So fair a bride shall pass to-day!

It is Baptiste, and his affianced maiden,With garlands for the bridal laden!

The sky was blue; without one cloud of gloom,The sun of March was shining brightly,And to the air the freshening wind gave lightlyIts breathings of perfume.

When one beholds the dusky hedges blossom,A rustic bridal, oh! how sweet it is!To sounds of joyous melodies,That touch with tenderness the trembling bosom,A band of maidensGayly frolicking,A band of youngstersWildly rollicking!Kissing,Caressing,With fingers pressing,Till in the veriestMadness of mirth, as they dance,They retreat and advance,Trying whose laugh shall be loudest and merriest;While the bride, with roguish eyes,Sporting with them, now escapes and cries:"Those who catch meMarried verilyThis year shall be!"

And all pursue with eager haste,And all attain what they pursue,And touch her pretty apron fresh and new,And the linen kirtle round her waist.

Meanwhile, whence comes it that amongThese youthful maidens fresh and fair,So joyous, with such laughing air,Baptiste stands sighing, with silent tongue?And yet the bride is fair and young!Is it Saint Joseph would say to us all,That love, o'er-hasty, precedeth a fall?O no! for a maiden frail, I trow,Never bore so lofty a brow!What lovers! they give not a single caress!To see them so careless and cold to-day,These are grand people, one would say.What ails Baptiste? what grief doth him oppress?

It is, that half-way up the hill,In yon cottage, by whose wallsStand the cart-house and the stalls,Dwelleth the blind orphan still,Daughter of a veteran old;And you must know, one year ago,That Margaret, the young and tender,Was the village pride and splendor,And Baptiste her lover bold.Love, the deceiver, them ensnared;For them the altar was prepared;But alas! the summer's blight,The dread disease that none can stay,The pestilence that walks by night,Took the young bride's sight away.

All at the father's stern command was changed;Their peace was gone, but not their love estranged.Wearied at home, erelong the lover fled;Returned but three short days ago,The golden chain they round him throw,He is enticed, and onward ledTo marry Angela, and yetIs thinking ever of Margaret.

Then suddenly a maiden cried,"Anna, Theresa, Mary, Kate!Here comes the cripple Jane!" And by a fountain's sideA woman, bent and gray with years,Under the mulberry-trees appears,And all towards her run, as fleetAs had they wings upon their feet.

It is that Jane, the cripple Jane,Is a soothsayer, wary and kind.She telleth fortunes, and none complain.She promises one a village swain,Another a happy wedding-day,And the bride a lovely boy straightway.All comes to pass as she avers;She never deceives, she never errs.

But for this once the village seerWears a countenance severe,And from beneath her eyebrows thin and whiteHer two eyes flash like cannons brightAimed at the bridegroom in waistcoat blue,Who, like a statue, stands in view;Changing color as well he might,When the beldame wrinkled and grayTakes the young bride by the hand,And, with the tip of her reedy wandMaking the sign of the cross, doth say:--"Thoughtless Angela, beware!Lest, when thou weddest this false bridegroom,Thou diggest for thyself a tomb!"And she was silent; and the maidens fairSaw from each eye escape a swollen tear;But on a little streamlet silver-clear,What are two drops of turbid rain?Saddened a moment, the bridal trainResumed the dance and song again;The bridegroom only was pale with fear;--And down green alleysOf verdurous valleys,With merry sallies,They sang the refrain:--

"The roads should blossom, the roads should bloom,So fair a bride shall leave her home!Should blossom and bloom with garlands gay,So fair a bride shall pass to-day!"

Words in this poem 21
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
blending n.
The act of mingling.
aslant adv.
Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely. [Pref. a- + slant.]
verdurous a.
Covered with verdure; clothed with the fresh green of vegetation; verdured; verdant; as, verdurous pastures.
gayly adv.
With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
kirtle n.
A garment varying in form and use at different times, and worn doth by men and women. [OE. kirtel, curtel, AS. cyrtel; skin to Icel. kyrtill, Sw. kjortel, Dan. kiortel, kiole.]
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
trow v. i.
To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [OE. trowen, AS.treówan to trust, believe, fr. treów trust, treówe true, faithful. See True.]
caress n.
An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.]
erelong adv.
Before the ere long.
anna n.
An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2 [Hindi ana.]
kate n.
The brambling finch.
cripple n.
One who creeps, halts, or limps; one who has lost, or never had, the use of a limb or limbs; a lame person; hence, one who is partially disabled. [OE. cripel, crepel, crupel, AS. crypel (akin to D. kreuple, G. kr, Dan. kr, Icel. kryppill), prop., one that can not walk, but must creep, fr. AS. cre to creep.]
jane n.
A coin of Genoa; any small coin. [LL. Janua Genoa; L. Genua, also OE. Jean.]
soothsayer n.
One who foretells events by the art of soothsaying; a prognosticator.
straightway adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
bridegroom n.
A man newly married, or just about to be married. [OE. bridegome, brudgume, AS. br (akin to OS. br, D. bruidegom, bruigom, OHG. pr, MHG. briutegome, G. bräutigam); AS. br bride + guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Ic]
beldame n.
Grandmother; -- corresponding to belsire. [Pref. bel-, denoting relationship + dame mother: cf. F. belledame fair lady, It. belladonna. See Belle, and Dame.]
beware v. t.
To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.
streamlet n.
A small stream; a rivulet; a rill.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Poem I is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Poem I, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/poem-i.html, id L18078.

Form and metre

Poem I is 143 lines in 15 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 91% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. 35 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 22% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 A--ABB heightA · cuille · tree · whiteA · perceiveB · eveB
  2. 2 --AA bloom · home · gayA · dayA
  3. 3 AA-BCCBDDAAEEFFGGGF attendingA · descendingA · company · eyeB · swainC · strainC · skyB · sentD · encouragementD · blendingA · descendingA · sweepE · steepE · aslantF · amantF · alleysG · valleysG · salliesG · chantF
  4. 4 --AA bloom · home · gayA · dayA
  5. 5 AA maidenA · ladenA
  6. 6 ABBA gloomA · brightlyB · lightlyB · perfumeA
  7. 7 -AA--B-B-CCDEEDFFG-G blossom · isA · melodiesA · bosom · maidens · frolickingB · youngsters · rollickingB · kissing · caressingC · pressingC · veriestD · danceE · advanceE · merriestD · eyesF · criesF · meG · verily · beG
  8. 8 ABBA hasteA · pursueB · newB · waistA
  9. 9 ABBAACC--DEED amongA · fairB · airB · tongueA · youngA · allC · fallC · trow · brow · caressD · dayE · sayE · oppressD
  10. 10 ABBAC-DDCEEFGFG hillA · wallsB · stallsB · stillA · oldC · ago · tenderD · splendorD · boldC · ensnaredE · preparedE · blightF · stayG · nightF · awayG
  11. 11 AABCCBDD changedA · estrangedA · fledB · agoC · throwC · ledB · yetD · margaretD
  12. 12 A-ABBCC criedA · kate · sideA · yearsB · appearsB · fleetC · feetC
  13. 13 A-AABB-- janeA · kind · complainA · swainA · dayB · straightwayB · avers · errs
  14. 14 AABBCCBD--DEFFEAAGGGAHHHG seerA · severeA · whiteB · brightB · blueC · viewC · mightB · grayD · hand · wand · sayD · bewareE · bridegroomF · tombF · fairE · tearA · clearA · rainG · trainG · againG · fearA · alleysH · valleysH · salliesH · refrainG
  15. 15 --AA bloom · home · gayA · dayA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
At the foot of the mountain height8·····/˘·
Where is perched Castel Cuille,8···˘/˘··
When the apple, the plum, and the almond tree11··/˘····/˘·
In the plain below were growing white,8······/·
This is the song one might perceive8······˘/
On a Wednesday morn of Saint Joseph's Eve:10··/····/˘·
"The roads should blossom, the roads should bloom,9···/˘····
So fair a bride shall leave her home!8········
Should blossom and bloom with garlands gay,9·/˘···/˘·
So fair a bride shall pass to-day!"8········
This old Te Deum, rustic rites attending,10····/˘·˘/˘
Seemed from the clouds descending;8·˘···˘/˘
When lo! a merry company8···/˘/˘˘
Of rosy village girls, clean as the eye,10·/˘/˘·····
Each one with her attendant swain,8····˘/˘·
Came to the cliff, all singing the same strain;10·····/˘···
Resembling there, so near unto the sky,10˘/˘·······
Rejoicing angels, that kind Heaven has sent10˘/˘/˘··/··
For their delight and our encouragement.9··˘/·/˘/˘
Together blending,5˘/˘/˘
And soon descending5··˘/˘
The narrow sweep4·/˘·
Of the hillside steep,5··/··
They wind aslant4··˘/
Towards Saint Amant,5·····
Through leafy alleys5·/˘/˘
Of verdurous valleys6·/˘˘/˘
With merry sallies5·/˘/˘
Singing their chant:4/˘··
"The roads should blossom, the roads should bloom,9···/˘····
So fair a bride shall leave her home!8········
Should blossom and bloom with garlands gay,9·/˘···/˘·
So fair a bride shall pass to-day!8········
It is Baptiste, and his affianced maiden,10··˘/····/˘
With garlands for the bridal laden!9·/˘··/˘/˘
The sky was blue; without one cloud of gloom,10··········
The sun of March was shining brightly,9·····/˘/˘
And to the air the freshening wind gave lightly11·····/˘··/˘
Its breathings of perfume.6·/˘·˘/
When one beholds the dusky hedges blossom,11··˘/·/˘/˘/˘
A rustic bridal, oh! how sweet it is!10·/˘/˘·····
To sounds of joyous melodies,8···/˘/˘˘
That touch with tenderness the trembling bosom,10···/˘·/˘/˘
A band of maidens5···/˘
Gayly frolicking,5/˘/˘˘
A band of youngsters5···/˘
Wildly rollicking!5/˘/˘˘
Kissing,2
Caressing,3˘/˘
With fingers pressing,5·/˘/˘
Till in the veriest5·····
Madness of mirth, as they dance,7/˘·····
They retreat and advance,6·˘/·˘/
Trying whose laugh shall be loudest and merriest;11/˘····/˘·/˘
While the bride, with roguish eyes,7····/˘·
Sporting with them, now escapes and cries:9/˘···˘/··
"Those who catch me4····
Married verily5/˘/˘˘
This year shall be!"4····
And all pursue with eager haste,8··˘/·/˘·
And all attain what they pursue,8··˘/··˘/
And touch her pretty apron fresh and new,10···/˘/˘···
And the linen kirtle round her waist.9··/˘/˘···
Meanwhile, whence comes it that among8/·······
These youthful maidens fresh and fair,8·/˘/˘···
So joyous, with such laughing air,8·/˘··/˘·
Baptiste stands sighing, with silent tongue?9˘/·/˘·/˘·
And yet the bride is fair and young!8········
Is it Saint Joseph would say to us all,10···/˘·····
That love, o'er-hasty, precedeth a fall?10···/˘˘/˘··
O no! for a maiden frail, I trow,9····/˘···
Never bore so lofty a brow!8/˘··/˘··
What lovers! they give not a single caress!11·/˘····/˘˘/
To see them so careless and cold to-day,10····/˘····
These are grand people, one would say.8···/˘···
What ails Baptiste? what grief doth him oppress?10··˘/····˘/
It is, that half-way up the hill,8········
In yon cottage, by whose walls7··/˘···
Stand the cart-house and the stalls,7·······
Dwelleth the blind orphan still,7/˘··/˘·
Daughter of a veteran old;8/˘··/˘˘·
And you must know, one year ago,8······˘/
That Margaret, the young and tender,9·/˘˘···/˘
Was the village pride and splendor,8··/˘··/˘
And Baptiste her lover bold.7·˘/·/˘·
Love, the deceiver, them ensnared;8··˘/˘·˘/
For them the altar was prepared;8···/˘·˘/
But alas! the summer's blight,7·˘/·/˘·
The dread disease that none can stay,8··˘/····
The pestilence that walks by night,8·/˘˘····
Took the young bride's sight away.7·····˘/
All at the father's stern command was changed;10···/˘·˘/··
Their peace was gone, but not their love estranged.10········˘/
Wearied at home, erelong the lover fled;11/˘······/˘·
Returned but three short days ago,8˘/····˘/
The golden chain they round him throw,8·/˘·····
He is enticed, and onward led8··˘/·/˘·
To marry Angela, and yet8·/˘/˘˘··
Is thinking ever of Margaret.9·/˘/˘·/˘˘
Then suddenly a maiden cried,8·/˘˘·/˘·
"Anna, Theresa, Mary, Kate!8/˘˘/˘/˘·
Here comes the cripple Jane!" And by a fountain's side12···/˘····/˘·
A woman, bent and gray with years,8·/˘·····
Under the mulberry-trees appears,9···/·˘·˘/
And all towards her run, as fleet8········
As had they wings upon their feet.8········
It is that Jane, the cripple Jane,8·····/˘·
Is a soothsayer, wary and kind.9···/˘/˘··
She telleth fortunes, and none complain.9·/˘/˘··˘/
She promises one a village swain,8·/˘··/˘·
Another a happy wedding-day,9˘/˘·/˘/˘·
And the bride a lovely boy straightway.9····/˘·/˘
All comes to pass as she avers;8······/˘
She never deceives, she never errs.8·/˘/·/˘·
But for this once the village seer8·····/˘·
Wears a countenance severe,7··/˘˘˘/
And from beneath her eyebrows thin and white10·····/····
Her two eyes flash like cannons bright8·····/˘·
Aimed at the bridegroom in waistcoat blue,9···/··/˘·
Who, like a statue, stands in view;8···/····
Changing color as well he might,8/˘/˘····
When the beldame wrinkled and gray8····/˘··
Takes the young bride by the hand,7·······
And, with the tip of her reedy wand9······/˘·
Making the sign of the cross, doth say:--9/˘·······
"Thoughtless Angela, beware!7/˘/˘˘˘/
Lest, when thou weddest this false bridegroom,9···/˘··/·
Thou diggest for thyself a tomb!"8·/˘·˘/··
And she was silent; and the maidens fair10···/˘··/˘·
Saw from each eye escape a swollen tear;10····˘/·/˘·
But on a little streamlet silver-clear,10···/˘/˘/˘·
What are two drops of turbid rain?8·····/˘·
Saddened a moment, the bridal train9/˘·/˘·/˘·
Resumed the dance and song again;8˘/····˘/
The bridegroom only was pale with fear;--9·/·/˘····
And down green alleys5···/˘
Of verdurous valleys,6·/˘˘/˘
With merry sallies,5·/˘/˘
They sang the refrain:--5···˘/
"The roads should blossom, the roads should bloom,9···/˘····
So fair a bride shall leave her home!8········
Should blossom and bloom with garlands gay,9·/˘···/˘·
So fair a bride shall pass to-day!"8········

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