Part Third: Prelude

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1839–1882

iambic tetrameter · 100 lines · from The Complete Poetical Works

The evening came; the golden vaneA moment in the sunset glanced,Then darkened, and then gleamed again,As from the east the moon advancedAnd touched it with a softer light;While underneath, with flowing mane,Upon the sign the Red Horse pranced,And galloped forth into the night.

But brighter than the afternoonThat followed the dark day of rain,And brighter than the golden vaneThat glistened in the rising moon,Within the ruddy fire-light gleamed;And every separate window-pane,Backed by the outer darkness, showedA mirror, where the flamelets gleamedAnd flickered to and fro, and seemedA bonfire lighted in the road.

Amid the hospitable glow,Like an old actor on the stage,With the uncertain voice of age,The singing chimney chanted lowThe homely songs of long ago.

The voice that Ossian heard of yore,When midnight winds were in his hall;A ghostly and appealing call,A sound of days that are no more!And dark as Ossian sat the Jew,And listened to the sound, and knewThe passing of the airy hosts,The gray and misty cloud of ghostsIn their interminable flight;And listening muttered in his beard,With accent indistinct and weird,"Who are ye, children of the Night?"

Beholding his mysterious face,"Tell me," the gay Sicilian said,"Why was it that in breaking breadAt supper, you bent down your headAnd, musing, paused a little space,As one who says a silent grace?"

The Jew replied, with solemn air,"I said the Manichaean's prayer.It was his faith,--perhaps is mine,--That life in all its forms is one,And that its secret conduits runUnseen, but in unbroken line,From the great fountain-head divineThrough man and beast, through grain and grass.Howe'er we struggle, strive, and cry,From death there can be no escape,And no escape from life, alasBecause we cannot die, but passFrom one into another shape:It is but into life we die.

"Therefore the Manichaean saidThis simple prayer on breaking bread,Lest he with hasty hand or knifeMight wound the incarcerated life,The soul in things that we call dead:'I did not reap thee, did not bind thee,I did not thrash thee, did not grind thee,Nor did I in the oven bake thee!It was not I, it was anotherDid these things unto thee, O brother;I only have thee, hold thee, break thee!'"

"That birds have souls I can concede,"The poet cried, with glowing cheeks;"The flocks that from their beds of reedUprising north or southward fly,And flying write upon the skyThe biforked letter of the Greeks,As hath been said by Rucellai;All birds that sing or chirp or cry,Even those migratory bands,The minor poets of the air,The plover, peep, and sanderling,That hardly can be said to sing,But pipe along the barren sands,--All these have souls akin to ours;So hath the lovely race of flowers:Thus much I grant, but nothing more.The rusty hinges of a doorAre not alive because they creak;This chimney, with its dreary roar,These rattling windows, do not speak!""To me they speak," the Jew replied;"And in the sounds that sink and soar,I hear the voices of a tideThat breaks upon an unknown shore!"

Here the Sicilian interfered:"That was your dream, then, as you dozedA moment since, with eyes half-closed,And murmured something in your beard."

The Hebrew smiled, and answered, "Nay;Not that, but something very near;Like, and yet not the same, may seemThe vision of my waking dream;Before it wholly dies away,Listen to me, and you shall hear."

Words in this poem 21
afternoon n.
The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
bonfire n.
A large fire built in the open air, as an expression of public joy and exultation, or for amusement. [OE. bonefire, banefire, orig. a fire of bones; bone + fire; but cf. also Prov. E. bun a dry stalk.]
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
chimney n.
A fireplace or hearth. Sir W. Raleigh.
homely a.
Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate. [From Home, n.]
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
ghostly a.
Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]
appealing a.
That appeals; imploring.
beholding a.
Obliged; beholden.
sicilian a.
Of or pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants. Sicilian vespers, the great massacre of the French in Sicily, in the year 1282, on the evening of Easter Monday, at the hour of vespers.
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
manichaean n.
A believer in the doctrines of Manes, a Persian of the third century A. D., who taught a dualism in which Light is regarded as the source of Good, and Darkness as the source of Evil. [LL. Manichaeus: cf. F. manichéen.]
reap n.
A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. Wright. [Cf. AS. rip harvest. See Reap, v.]
bake v. t.
To prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat, either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone or metal; as, to bake bread, meat, apples.
concede v. t.
To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant; as. to concede the point in question. Boyle. [L. concedere, concessum; con- + cedere to go along, give way, yield: cf. F. concéder. See Cede.]
uprising n.
Act of rising; also, a steep place; an ascent.
migratory a.
Removing regularly or occasionally from one region or climate to another; as, migratory birds. [Cf. F. migratoire.]
sanderling n.
A small gray and brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very common on sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also curwillet, sand lark, stint, and ruddy plover. [Sand + 0ling. So called because it obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the seashore.]
creak v. i.
To make a prolonged sharp grating or ssqueaking sound, as by the friction of hard substances; as, shoes creak. [OE. creken, prob. of imitative origin; cf. E. crack, and. D. kreiken to crackle, chirp.]
dreary a.
Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part Third: Prelude is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Part Third: Prelude, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/part-third-prelude.html, id L17689.

Form and metre

Part Third: Prelude is 100 lines in 10 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.4 syllables. 15 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCA-C vaneA · glancedB · againA · advancedB · lightC · maneA · pranced · nightC
  2. 2 ABBACBDCCD afternoonA · rainB · vaneB · moonA · gleamedC · paneB · showedD · gleamedC · seemedC · roadD
  3. 3 ABBAA glowA · stageB · ageB · lowA · agoA
  4. 4 ABBACCDDEFFE yoreA · hallB · callB · moreA · jewC · knewC · hostsD · ghostsD · flightE · beardF · weirdF · nightE
  5. 5 ABBBAA faceA · saidB · breadB · headB · spaceA · graceA
  6. 6 AABCCBBDEFDDFE airA · prayerA · mineB · oneC · runC · lineB · divineB · grassD · cryE · escapeF · alasD · passD · shapeF · dieE
  7. 7 AABBACCCDDC saidA · breadA · knifeB · lifeB · deadA · theeC · theeC · theeC · anotherD · brotherD · theeC
  8. 8 ABACCB-CD-EEDFFGGHGHIGIG concedeA · cheeksB · reedA · flyC · skyC · greeksB · rucellai · cryC · bandsD · air · sanderlingE · singE · sandsD · oursF · flowersF · moreG · doorG · creakH · roarG · speakH · repliedI · soarG · tideI · shoreG
  9. 9 ABBA interferedA · dozedB · closedB · beardA
  10. 10 ABCCAB nayA · nearB · seemC · dreamC · awayA · hearB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The evening came; the golden vane8·/˘··/˘·
A moment in the sunset glanced,8·/˘··/··
Then darkened, and then gleamed again,8·/˘···˘/
As from the east the moon advanced8······˘/
And touched it with a softer light;8·····/˘·
While underneath, with flowing mane,8··˘/·/˘·
Upon the sign the Red Horse pranced,8········
And galloped forth into the night.8·/˘·····
But brighter than the afternoon8·/˘···˘/
That followed the dark day of rain,8·/˘·····
And brighter than the golden vane8·/˘··/˘·
That glistened in the rising moon,8·/˘··/˘·
Within the ruddy fire-light gleamed;8···/˘/··
And every separate window-pane,9·/˘/˘·/˘·
Backed by the outer darkness, showed8···/˘/˘·
A mirror, where the flamelets gleamed9·/˘······
And flickered to and fro, and seemed8·/˘·····
A bonfire lighted in the road.8·/˘/˘···
Amid the hospitable glow,8˘/·//˘˘·
Like an old actor on the stage,8···/˘···
With the uncertain voice of age,8··˘/˘···
The singing chimney chanted low8·/˘/˘/˘·
The homely songs of long ago.8·/˘···˘/
The voice that Ossian heard of yore,8········
When midnight winds were in his hall;8·/······
A ghostly and appealing call,8·/˘·˘/˘·
A sound of days that are no more!8········
And dark as Ossian sat the Jew,8········
And listened to the sound, and knew8·/˘·····
The passing of the airy hosts,8·/˘··/˘·
The gray and misty cloud of ghosts8···/˘···
In their interminable flight;8··˘/˘˘˘·
And listening muttered in his beard,8·/˘/˘···
With accent indistinct and weird,8·/·˘˘/··
"Who are ye, children of the Night?"8···/˘···
Beholding his mysterious face,8˘/˘·˘/˘·
"Tell me," the gay Sicilian said,8····˘/˘·
"Why was it that in breaking bread8·····/˘·
At supper, you bent down your head8·/˘·····
And, musing, paused a little space,8·/˘··/˘·
As one who says a silent grace?"8·····/˘·
The Jew replied, with solemn air,8··˘/·/˘·
"I said the Manichaean's prayer.7·······
It was his faith,--perhaps is mine,--8····˘/··
That life in all its forms is one,8········
And that its secret conduits run8···/˘/˘·
Unseen, but in unbroken line,8˘/··˘/˘·
From the great fountain-head divine8···/˘·˘/
Through man and beast, through grain and grass.8········
Howe'er we struggle, strive, and cry,8···/˘···
From death there can be no escape,8······˘/
And no escape from life, alas8··˘/··˘/
Because we cannot die, but pass8···/˘···
From one into another shape:8····˘/˘·
It is but into life we die.8········
"Therefore the Manichaean said7·······
This simple prayer on breaking bread,8·/˘··/˘·
Lest he with hasty hand or knife8···/˘···
Might wound the incarcerated life,9···˘/˘·˘·
The soul in things that we call dead:8········
'I did not reap thee, did not bind thee,9·········
I did not thrash thee, did not grind thee,9·········
Nor did I in the oven bake thee!9·····/˘··
It was not I, it was another9······˘/˘
Did these things unto thee, O brother;9·······/˘
I only have thee, hold thee, break thee!'"9·/˘······
"That birds have souls I can concede,"8······˘/
The poet cried, with glowing cheeks;8·/˘··/˘·
"The flocks that from their beds of reed8········
Uprising north or southward fly,8˘/˘··/˘·
And flying write upon the sky8·/˘·····
The biforked letter of the Greeks,8·/˘/˘···
As hath been said by Rucellai;8········
All birds that sing or chirp or cry,8········
Even those migratory bands,8/˘·/˘·˘·
The minor poets of the air,8·/˘/˘···
The plover, peep, and sanderling,8·/˘··/˘˘
That hardly can be said to sing,8·/˘·····
But pipe along the barren sands,--8··˘/·/˘·
All these have souls akin to ours;9····˘/·/˘
So hath the lovely race of flowers:9···/˘··/˘
Thus much I grant, but nothing more.8·····/˘·
The rusty hinges of a door8·/˘/˘···
Are not alive because they creak;8··˘/····
This chimney, with its dreary roar,8·/˘··/˘·
These rattling windows, do not speak!"8·/˘/˘···
"To me they speak," the Jew replied;8······˘/
"And in the sounds that sink and soar,8········
I hear the voices of a tide8···/˘···
That breaks upon an unknown shore!"8·····˘/·
Here the Sicilian interfered:8··˘/˘·˘/
"That was your dream, then, as you dozed8········
A moment since, with eyes half-closed,8·/˘·····
And murmured something in your beard."8·/˘/˘···
The Hebrew smiled, and answered, "Nay;8·/˘··/˘·
Not that, but something very near;8···/˘/˘·
Like, and yet not the same, may seem8········
The vision of my waking dream;8·/˘··/˘·
Before it wholly dies away,8···/˘·˘/
Listen to me, and you shall hear."8/˘······

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