Iron-Beard
Olaf the King, one summer morn,Blew a blast on his bugle-horn,Sending his signal through the land of Drontheim.
And to the Hus-Ting held at MereGathered the farmers far and near,With their war weapons ready to confront him.
Ploughing under the morning star,Old Iron-Beard in YriarHeard the summons, chuckling with a low laugh.
He wiped the sweat-drops from his brow,Unharnessed his horses from the plough,And clattering came on horseback to King Olaf.
He was the churliest of the churls;Little he cared for king or earls;Bitter as home-brewed ale were his foaming passions.
Hodden-gray was the garb he wore,And by the Hammer of Thor he swore;He hated the narrow town, and all its fashions.
But he loved the freedom of his farm,His ale at night, by the fireside warm,Gudrun his daughter, with her flaxen tresses.
He loved his horses and his herds,The smell of the earth, and the song of birds,His well-filled barns, his brook with its water-cresses.
Huge and cumbersome was his frame;His beard, from which he took his name,Frosty and fierce, like that of Hymer the Giant.
So at the Hus-Ting he appeared,The farmer of Yriar, Iron-Beard,On horseback, in an attitude defiant.
And to King Olaf he cried aloud,Out of the middle of the crowd,That tossed about him like a stormy ocean:
"Such sacrifices shalt thou bring;To Odin and to Thor, O King,As other kings have done in their devotion!"
King Olaf answered: "I commandThis land to be a Christian land;Here is my Bishop who the folk baptizes!
"But if you ask me to restoreYour sacrifices, stained with gore,Then will I offer human sacrifices!
"Not slaves and peasants shall they be,But men of note and high degree,Such men as Orm of Lyra and Kar of Gryting!"
Then to their Temple strode he in,And loud behind him heard the dinOf his men-at-arms and the peasants fiercely fighting.
There in the Temple, carved in wood,The image of great Odin stood,And other gods, with Thor supreme among them.
King Olaf smote them with the bladeOf his huge war-axe, gold inlaid,And downward shattered to the pavement flung them.
At the same moment rose without,From the contending crowd, a shout,A mingled sound of triumph and of wailing.
And there upon the trampled plainThe farmer iron-Beard lay slain,Midway between the assailed and the assailing.
King Olaf from the doorway spoke."Choose ye between two things, my folk,To be baptized or given up to slaughter!"
And seeing their leader stark and dead,The people with a murmur said,"O King, baptize us with thy holy water";
So all the Drontheim land becameA Christian land in name and fame,In the old gods no more believing and trusting.
And as a blood-atonement, soonKing Olaf wed the fair Gudrun;And thus in peace ended the Drontheim Hus-Ting!
Words in this poem 18
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- confront v. t.
- To stand facing or in front of; to face; esp. to face hostilely; to oppose with firmness.
- garb n.
- External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
- thor n.
- The god of thunder, and son of Odin. [Icel. þors. Cf. Thursday.]
- fireside n.
- A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.
- flaxen a.
- Made of flax; resembling flax or its fibers; of the color of flax; of a light soft straw color; fair and flowing, like flax or tow; as, flaxen thread; flaxen hair.
- cumbersome a.
- Burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag; embarrassing; vexatious; cumbrous.
- defiant a.
- Full of defiance; bold; insolent; as, a defiant spirit or act. [Cf. F. défiant, p. pr. of défier. See Defy.]
- aloud adv.
- With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
- shalt
- 2d per. sing. of Shall.
- folk n.
- In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- lyra n.
- A northern constellation, the Harp, containing a white star of the first magnitude, called Alpha Lyræ, or Vega. [L. lyra, Gr. Lyre.]
- midway n.
- The middle of the way or distance; a middle way or course.
- doorway n.
- The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.
- spoke n.
- The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
- stark adv.
- Wholly; entirely; absolutely; quite; as, stark mind.
- baptize v. t.
- To administer the sacrament of baptism to. [F. baptiser, L. baptizare, fr.Gr. . See Baptism.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Iron-Beard is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Iron-Beard, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/iron-beard.html, id L17659.
Form and metre
Iron-Beard is 72 lines in 24 stanzas of 3 lines each. It is in rhyming couplets, 58% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 18 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 12% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AA- mornA · hornA · drontheim
- 2 AA- mereA · nearA · him
- 4 AA- browA · ploughA · olaf
- 5 AA- churlsA · earlsA · passions
- 6 AA- woreA · sworeA · fashions
- 8 AA- herdsA · birdsA · cresses
- 9 AA- frameA · nameA · giant
- 10 AA- appearedA · beardA · defiant
- 11 AA- aloudA · crowdA · ocean
- 12 AA- bringA · kingA · devotion
- 13 AA- commandA · landA · baptizes
- 14 AA- restoreA · goreA · sacrifices
- 15 AA- beA · degreeA · gryting
- 16 AA- inA · dinA · fighting
- 17 AA- woodA · stoodA · them
- 18 AA- bladeA · inlaidA · them
- 19 AA- withoutA · shoutA · wailing
- 20 AA- plainA · slainA · assailing
- 21 AA- spokeA · folkA · slaughter
- 22 AA- deadA · saidA · water
- 23 AA- becameA · fameA · trusting
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Olaf the King, one summer morn, | 8 | /˘···/˘· |
| Blew a blast on his bugle-horn, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Sending his signal through the land of Drontheim. | 11 | /˘·/˘······ |
| And to the Hus-Ting held at Mere | 8 | ········ |
| Gathered the farmers far and near, | 8 | /˘·/˘··· |
| With their war weapons ready to confront him. | 11 | ···/˘/˘·˘/· |
| Ploughing under the morning star, | 8 | /˘···/˘· |
| Old Iron-Beard in Yriar | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| Heard the summons, chuckling with a low laugh. | 10 | ··/˘/˘···· |
| He wiped the sweat-drops from his brow, | 8 | ········ |
| Unharnessed his horses from the plough, | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| And clattering came on horseback to King Olaf. | 11 | ·/˘··/···/˘ |
| He was the churliest of the churls; | 8 | ········ |
| Little he cared for king or earls; | 8 | /˘······ |
| Bitter as home-brewed ale were his foaming passions. | 12 | /˘······/˘/˘ |
| Hodden-gray was the garb he wore, | 8 | ········ |
| And by the Hammer of Thor he swore; | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| He hated the narrow town, and all its fashions. | 12 | ·/˘·/˘····/˘ |
| But he loved the freedom of his farm, | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| His ale at night, by the fireside warm, | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| Gudrun his daughter, with her flaxen tresses. | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| He loved his horses and his herds, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The smell of the earth, and the song of birds, | 10 | ·········· |
| His well-filled barns, his brook with its water-cresses. | 12 | ········/˘/˘ |
| Huge and cumbersome was his frame; | 8 | ··/˘˘··· |
| His beard, from which he took his name, | 8 | ········ |
| Frosty and fierce, like that of Hymer the Giant. | 11 | /˘·····/·/˘ |
| So at the Hus-Ting he appeared, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| The farmer of Yriar, Iron-Beard, | 8 | ·/˘···/· |
| On horseback, in an attitude defiant. | 11 | ·/···/˘·˘/˘ |
| And to King Olaf he cried aloud, | 9 | ···/˘··˘/ |
| Out of the middle of the crowd, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| That tossed about him like a stormy ocean: | 10 | ·······/˘/ |
| "Such sacrifices shalt thou bring; | 8 | ·/˘·˘··· |
| To Odin and to Thor, O King, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| As other kings have done in their devotion!" | 11 | ·/˘·····˘/˘ |
| King Olaf answered: "I command | 8 | ·/˘/˘·˘/ |
| This land to be a Christian land; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Here is my Bishop who the folk baptizes! | 11 | ···/˘···˘/˘ |
| "But if you ask me to restore | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Your sacrifices, stained with gore, | 8 | ·/˘·˘··· |
| Then will I offer human sacrifices! | 11 | ···/˘/˘/˘·˘ |
| "Not slaves and peasants shall they be, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| But men of note and high degree, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Such men as Orm of Lyra and Kar of Gryting!" | 12 | ·····/˘····· |
| Then to their Temple strode he in, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And loud behind him heard the din | 8 | ········ |
| Of his men-at-arms and the peasants fiercely fighting. | 13 | ·······/˘/˘/˘ |
| There in the Temple, carved in wood, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The image of great Odin stood, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And other gods, with Thor supreme among them. | 11 | ·/˘···˘/··· |
| King Olaf smote them with the blade | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Of his huge war-axe, gold inlaid, | 8 | ······/· |
| And downward shattered to the pavement flung them. | 10 | ·//˘··/˘·· |
| At the same moment rose without, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| From the contending crowd, a shout, | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| A mingled sound of triumph and of wailing. | 11 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘ |
| And there upon the trampled plain | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The farmer iron-Beard lay slain, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Midway between the assailed and the assailing. | 12 | /····˘/··˘/˘ |
| King Olaf from the doorway spoke. | 8 | ·/˘··/·· |
| "Choose ye between two things, my folk, | 8 | ········ |
| To be baptized or given up to slaughter!" | 10 | ··/··/··/˘ |
| And seeing their leader stark and dead, | 8 | ·/·/˘··· |
| The people with a murmur said, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| "O King, baptize us with thy holy water"; | 11 | ··˘/···/˘/˘ |
| So all the Drontheim land became | 8 | ······˘/ |
| A Christian land in name and fame, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| In the old gods no more believing and trusting. | 12 | ······˘/˘·/˘ |
| And as a blood-atonement, soon | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| King Olaf wed the fair Gudrun; | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And thus in peace ended the Drontheim Hus-Ting! | 11 | ····/˘····· |
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