Gardner

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1839–1882

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 134 lines · from The Complete Poetical Works

Begone, you imp of darkness!You Devil's dam!

Beware of Tituba!

How often out at sea on stormy nights,When the waves thundered round me, and the windBellowed, and beat the canvas, and my shipClove through the solid darkness, like a wedge,I've thought of him upon his pleasant farm,Living in quiet with his thrifty housewife,And envied him, and wished his fate were mine!And now I find him shipwrecked utterly,Drifting upon this sea of sorceries,And lost, perhaps, beyond all aid of man!

Now I have done with earth and all its cares;I give my worldly goods to my dear children;My body I bequeath to my tormentors,And my immortal soul to Him who made it.O God! who in thy wisdom dost afflict meWith an affliction greater than most menHave ever yet endured or shall endure,Suffer me not in this last bitter hourFor any pains of death to fall from Thee!

MARTHA is heard singing.Arise, O righteous Lord!And disappoint my foes;They are but thine avenging sword,Whose wounds are swift to close.

Hark, hark! it is her voice! She is not dead!She lives! I am not utterly forsaken!

MARTHA, singing.By thine abounding grace,And mercies multiplied,I shall awake, and see thy face;I shall be satisfied.

COREY hides his face in his hands. Enter the JAILER, followed by

Here's a seafaring man, one Richard Gardner,A friend of yours, who asks to speak with you.

I'm glad to see you, ay, right glad to see you.

And I am most sorely grieved to see you thus.

Of all the friends I had in happier days,You are the first, ay, and the only one,That comes to seek me out in my disgrace!And you but come in time to say farewell,They've dug my grave already in the field.I thank you. There is something in your presence,I know not what it is, that gives me strength.Perhaps it is the bearing of a manFamiliar with all dangers of the deep,Familiar with the cries of drowning men,With fire, and wreck, and foundering ships at sea!

Ah, I have never known a wreck like yours!Would I could save you!

Do not speak of that.It is too late. I am resolved to die.

Why would you die who have so much to live for?--Your daughters, and--

You cannot say the word.My daughters have gone from me. They are married;They have their homes, their thoughts, apart from me;I will not say their hearts,--that were too cruel.What would you have me do?

Confess and live.That's what they said who came here yesterdayTo lay a heavy weight upon my conscienceBy telling me that I was driven forthAs an unworthy member of their church.

It is an awful death.

'T is but to drown,And have the weight of all the seas upon you.

Say something; say enough to fend off deathTill this tornado of fanaticismBlows itself out. Let me come in between youAnd your severer self, with my plain sense;Do not be obstinate.

I will not plead.If I deny, I am condemned already,In courts where ghosts appear as witnesses,And swear men's lives away. If I confess,Then I confess a lie, to buy a lifeWhich is not life, but only death in life.I will not bear false witness against any,Not even against myself, whom I count least.

GARDNER (aside).Ah, what a noble character is this!

I pray you, do not urge me to do thatYou would not do yourself. I have alreadyThe bitter taste of death upon my lips;I feel the pressure of the heavy weightThat will crush out my life within this hour;But if a word could save me, and that wordWere not the Truth; nay, if it did but swerveA hair's-breadth from the Truth, I would not say it!

GARDNER (aside).How mean I seem beside a man like this!

As for my wife, my Martha and my Martyr,--Whose virtues, like the stars, unseen by day,Though numberless, do but await the darkTo manifest themselves unto all eyes,--She who first won me from my evil ways,And taught me how to live by her example,By her example teaches me to die,And leads me onward to the better life!

SHERIFF (without).Giles Corey! Come! The hour has struck!

I come!Here is my body; ye may torture it,But the immortal soul ye cannot crush!

Quick, or we shall be late!

That's not the way.Come here; come up this lane.

I wonder nowIf the old man will die, and will not speak?He's obstinate enough and tough enoughFor anything on earth.

The passing bell. He's dead!

We are too late.

SCENE IV. -- A field near the graveyard, GILES COREY lying dead,with a great stone on his breast. The Sheriff at his head,RICHARD GARDNER at his feet. A crowd behind. The bell tolling.Enter HATHORNE and MATHER.

This is the Potter's Field. Behold the fateOf those who deal in Witchcrafts, and, when questioned,Refuse to plead their guilt or innocence,And stubbornly drag death upon themselves.

O sight most horrible! In a land like this,Spangled with Churches Evangelical,Inwrapped in our salvations, must we seekIn mouldering statute-books of English CourtsSome old forgotten Law, to do such deeds?Those who lie buried in the Potter's FieldWill rise again, as surely as ourselvesThat sleep in honored graves with epitaphs;And this poor man, whom we have made a victim,Hereafter will be counted as a martyr!

Words in this poem 16
beware v. t.
To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.
bequeath v. t.
To give or leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially of personal property. [OE. biquethen, AS. becwe to say, affirm, bequeath; pref. be- + cwe to say, speak. See Quoth.]
afflict v. t.
To strike or cast down; to overthrow. [L. afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down, deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF. aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf. Flagellate.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
jailer n.
The keeper of a jail or prison. [OE. jailer, gailer, OF. geolier, F. geôlier. See Jail.]
seafaring a.
Following the business of a mariner; as, a seafaring man.
sorely adv.
In a sore manner; grievously; painfully; as, to be sorely afflicted.
thank n.
A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -]
conscience n.
Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]
fend v. t.
To keep off; to prevent from entering or hitting; to ward off; to shut out; -- often with off; as, to fend off blows. [Abbrev. fr. defend.]
fanaticism n.
Excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning zeal, or wild and extravagant notions, on any subject, especially religion; religious frenzy. [Cf. Fanatism.]
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
numberless a.
Innumerable; countless.
await v. t.
To watch for; to look out for. [OF. awaitier, agaitier; (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch, F. guetter. See Wait.]
graveyard n.
A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.
hereafter adv.
In time to come; in some future time or state. [AS. hræfter.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Gardner is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Gardner, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/gardner.html, id L17985.

Form and metre

Gardner is 134 lines in 35 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.1 syllables. 30 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 20% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 4 -A--BA--B cares · childrenA · tormentors · it · meB · menA · endure · hour · theeB
  2. 5 -ABAB singing · lordA · foesB · swordA · closeB
  3. 7 -ABAB singing · graceA · multipliedB · faceA · satisfiedB
  4. 16 AA--- wordA · marriedA · me · cruel · do
  5. 21 ----AA-- plead · already · witnesses · confess · lifeA · lifeA · any · least
  6. 33 AA-- deadA · headA · tolling · mather
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Begone, you imp of darkness!7˘/···/˘
You Devil's dam!4·/˘·
Beware of Tituba!6˘/····
How often out at sea on stormy nights,10·/˘····/˘·
When the waves thundered round me, and the wind10···/˘·····
Bellowed, and beat the canvas, and my ship10/˘···/˘···
Clove through the solid darkness, like a wedge,10···/˘/˘···
I've thought of him upon his pleasant farm,10·······/˘·
Living in quiet with his thrifty housewife,10/˘·/··/˘/·
And envied him, and wished his fate were mine!10·/˘·······
And now I find him shipwrecked utterly,10·····/˘/˘˘
Drifting upon this sea of sorceries,10/˘·····/˘˘
And lost, perhaps, beyond all aid of man!10··˘/······
Now I have done with earth and all its cares;10··········
I give my worldly goods to my dear children;11···/˘····/˘
My body I bequeath to my tormentors,11·/˘·˘/··/·˘
And my immortal soul to Him who made it.11··˘/˘······
O God! who in thy wisdom dost afflict me11·····/˘·˘/·
With an affliction greater than most men10··˘/˘/˘···
Have ever yet endured or shall endure,10·/˘·˘/··˘/
Suffer me not in this last bitter hour11/˘·····/˘/˘
For any pains of death to fall from Thee!10·/˘·······
MARTHA is heard singing.6/˘··/˘
Arise, O righteous Lord!6˘/·/˘·
And disappoint my foes;6··˘/··
They are but thine avenging sword,8····˘/˘·
Whose wounds are swift to close.6······
Hark, hark! it is her voice! She is not dead!10··········
She lives! I am not utterly forsaken!11·····/˘˘˘/˘
MARTHA, singing.4/˘/˘
By thine abounding grace,6··˘/˘·
And mercies multiplied,6·/˘/˘·
I shall awake, and see thy face;8··˘/····
I shall be satisfied.6···/˘·
COREY hides his face in his hands. Enter the JAILER, followed by16/˘······/˘·/˘/˘·
Here's a seafaring man, one Richard Gardner,10··/˘··/˘/˘
A friend of yours, who asks to speak with you.10··········
I'm glad to see you, ay, right glad to see you.11···········
And I am most sorely grieved to see you thus.11····/˘·····
Of all the friends I had in happier days,10·······/˘·
You are the first, ay, and the only one,10·······/˘·
That comes to seek me out in my disgrace!10········˘/
And you but come in time to say farewell,10·········/
They've dug my grave already in the field.10····˘/˘···
I thank you. There is something in your presence,11·····/˘··/˘
I know not what it is, that gives me strength.10··········
Perhaps it is the bearing of a man10˘/···/˘···
Familiar with all dangers of the deep,10˘/˘··/˘···
Familiar with the cries of drowning men,10˘/˘····/˘·
With fire, and wreck, and foundering ships at sea!10·/···/˘···
Ah, I have never known a wreck like yours!10···/˘·····
Would I could save you!5·····
Do not speak of that.5·····
It is too late. I am resolved to die.10······˘/··
Why would you die who have so much to live for?--11···········
Your daughters, and--4·/˘·
You cannot say the word.6·/˘···
My daughters have gone from me. They are married;11·/˘······/˘
They have their homes, their thoughts, apart from me;10······˘/··
I will not say their hearts,--that were too cruel.11·········/˘
What would you have me do?6······
Confess and live.4˘/··
That's what they said who came here yesterday10·······/˘·
To lay a heavy weight upon my conscience11···/˘····/˘
By telling me that I was driven forth10·/˘····/˘·
As an unworthy member of their church.10··˘/˘/˘···
It is an awful death.6···/˘·
'T is but to drown,5·····
And have the weight of all the seas upon you.11···········
Say something; say enough to fend off death10·/˘·˘/····
Till this tornado of fanaticism11··˘/··˘/˘·˘
Blows itself out. Let me come in between you11·˘/········
And your severer self, with my plain sense;10··········
Do not be obstinate.6···/˘˘
I will not plead.4····
If I deny, I am condemned already,11··˘/··˘/˘/˘
In courts where ghosts appear as witnesses,10····˘/·/˘˘
And swear men's lives away. If I confess,10····˘/··˘/
Then I confess a lie, to buy a life10··˘/······
Which is not life, but only death in life.10·····/˘···
I will not bear false witness against any,11·····/˘··/˘
Not even against myself, whom I count least.10·/···/····
GARDNER (aside).4/˘˘/
Ah, what a noble character is this!10···/˘/˘˘··
I pray you, do not urge me to do that10··········
You would not do yourself. I have already11····˘/··˘/˘
The bitter taste of death upon my lips;10·/˘·······
I feel the pressure of the heavy weight10···/˘··/˘·
That will crush out my life within this hour;11·········/˘
But if a word could save me, and that word10··········
Were not the Truth; nay, if it did but swerve10··········
A hair's-breadth from the Truth, I would not say it!11···········
GARDNER (aside).4/˘˘/
How mean I seem beside a man like this!10····˘/····
As for my wife, my Martha and my Martyr,--11·····/˘··/˘
Whose virtues, like the stars, unseen by day,10·/˘···˘/··
Though numberless, do but await the dark10·/˘˘··˘/··
To manifest themselves unto all eyes,--10·/˘·˘/····
She who first won me from my evil ways,10·······/˘·
And taught me how to live by her example,11········˘/˘
By her example teaches me to die,10··˘/˘/˘···
And leads me onward to the better life!10···/˘··/˘·
SHERIFF (without).4/˘··
Giles Corey! Come! The hour has struck!9·/˘··/˘··
I come!2··
Here is my body; ye may torture it,10···/˘··/˘·
But the immortal soul ye cannot crush!10··˘/˘··/˘·
Quick, or we shall be late!6······
That's not the way.4····
Come here; come up this lane.6······
I wonder now4·/˘·
If the old man will die, and will not speak?10··········
He's obstinate enough and tough enough10·/˘˘˘/··˘/
For anything on earth.6·/˘···
The passing bell. He's dead!6·/˘···
We are too late.4····
SCENE IV. -- A field near the graveyard, GILES COREY lying dead,14······/··/˘/˘·
with a great stone on his breast. The Sheriff at his head,13········/˘···
RICHARD GARDNER at his feet. A crowd behind. The bell tolling.15/˘/˘·········/˘
Enter HATHORNE and MATHER.7/˘/˘·/˘
This is the Potter's Field. Behold the fate10···/˘·˘/··
Of those who deal in Witchcrafts, and, when questioned,11·····/···/˘
Refuse to plead their guilt or innocence,10˘/·····/˘˘
And stubbornly drag death upon themselves.10·/˘˘····˘/
O sight most horrible! In a land like this,10···/˘·····
Spangled with Churches Evangelical,10/˘·/˘·˘/˘˘
Inwrapped in our salvations, must we seek10···/˘/˘···
In mouldering statute-books of English Courts10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Some old forgotten Law, to do such deeds?10··˘/˘·····
Those who lie buried in the Potter's Field10···/˘··/˘·
Will rise again, as surely as ourselves10··˘/·/˘·˘/
That sleep in honored graves with epitaphs;10···/˘··/˘·
And this poor man, whom we have made a victim,11·········/˘
Hereafter will be counted as a martyr!11˘/˘··/˘··/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow