Elizabeth IV

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1839–1882

iambic tetrameter · unrhymed · 32 lines · from A Psalm of Life, and Other Poems

Ships that pass in the night, and speak each other in passing,Only a signal shown and a distant voice in the darkness;So on the ocean of life we pass and speak one another,Only a look and a voice, then darkness again and a silence.

Now went on as of old the quiet life of the homestead.Patient and unrepining Elizabeth labored, in all thingsMindful not of herself, but bearing the burdens of others,Always thoughtful and kind and untroubled; and Hannah the housemaidDiligent early and late, and rosy with washing and scouring,Still as of old disparaged the eminent merits of Joseph,And was at times reproved for her light and frothy behavior,For her shy looks, and her careless words, and her evil surmisings,Being pressed down somewhat like a cart with sheaves overladen,As she would sometimes say to Joseph, quoting the Scriptures.

Meanwhile John Estaugh departed across the sea, and departingCarried hid in his heart a secret sacred and precious,Filling its chambers with fragrance, and seeming to him in its sweetnessMary's ointment of spikenard, that filled all the house with its odor.O lost days of delight, that are wasted in doubting and waiting!O lost hours and days in which we might have been happy!But the light shone at last, and guided his wavering footsteps,And at last came the voice, imperative, questionless, certain.

Then John Estaugh came back o'er the sea for the gift that was offered,Better than houses and lands, the gift of a woman's affection.And on the First-Day that followed, he rose in the Silent Assembly,Holding in his strong hand a hand that trembled a little,Promising to be kind and true and faithful in all things.Such were the marriage-rites of John and Elizabeth Estaugh.

And not otherwise Joseph, the honest, the diligent servant,Sped in his bashful wooing with homely Hannah the housemaid;For when he asked her the question, she answered, "Nay"; and then added"But thee may make believe, and see what will come of it, Joseph."

Words in this poem

went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
mindful a.
Bearing in mind; regardful; attentive; heedful; observant.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
questionless a.
Unquestioning; incurious.
promising a.
Making a promise or promises; affording hope or assurance; as, promising person; a promising day.
bashful a.
Abashed; daunted; dismayed. [See Bash.]
homely a.
Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate. [From Home, n.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Elizabeth IV is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Elizabeth IV, in A Psalm of Life, and Other Poems (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/elizabeth-iv.html, id L17699.

Form and metre

Elizabeth IV is 32 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 69% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 14.9 syllables. 25 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 16% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Ships that pass in the night, and speak each other in passing,14·········/˘·/˘
Only a signal shown and a distant voice in the darkness;15/˘·/˘···/˘···/˘
So on the ocean of life we pass and speak one another,14···/·······˘/˘
Only a look and a voice, then darkness again and a silence.16/˘······/˘˘/··/˘
Now went on as of old the quiet life of the homestead.13·······/···/·
Patient and unrepining Elizabeth labored, in all things15/˘·····˘/˘/˘···
Mindful not of herself, but bearing the burdens of others,15/˘··˘/·/˘·/˘·/˘
Always thoughtful and kind and untroubled; and Hannah the housemaid16/˘/˘···˘/˘·/˘·/˘
Diligent early and late, and rosy with washing and scouring,15/˘/˘···/˘·/˘·/˘
Still as of old disparaged the eminent merits of Joseph,15····˘/˘·/˘/˘·/˘
And was at times reproved for her light and frothy behavior,15··········/˘˘/˘
For her shy looks, and her careless words, and her evil surmisings,15······/˘···/···
Being pressed down somewhat like a cart with sheaves overladen,14/··//·········
As she would sometimes say to Joseph, quoting the Scriptures.14···/···/˘/˘·/˘
Meanwhile John Estaugh departed across the sea, and departing16/····˘/˘˘/···˘/˘
Carried hid in his heart a secret sacred and precious,14/˘·····/˘/˘·/˘
Filling its chambers with fragrance, and seeming to him in its sweetness17/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘····/˘
Mary's ointment of spikenard, that filled all the house with its odor.16/˘/˘·/˘·······/˘
O lost days of delight, that are wasted in doubting and waiting!16····˘/··/˘·/˘·/˘
O lost hours and days in which we might have been happy!13··/········/˘
But the light shone at last, and guided his wavering footsteps,14·······/˘·/˘/·
And at last came the voice, imperative, questionless, certain.14······˘/˘/˘˘/˘
Then John Estaugh came back o'er the sea for the gift that was offered,16··············/˘
Better than houses and lands, the gift of a woman's affection.16/˘·/˘······/˘˘/˘
And on the First-Day that followed, he rose in the Silent Assembly,17······/˘····/˘˘/˘
Holding in his strong hand a hand that trembled a little,14/˘·······/˘·/˘
Promising to be kind and true and faithful in all things.13/˘······/˘···
Such were the marriage-rites of John and Elizabeth Estaugh.14···/˘····˘/˘··
And not otherwise Joseph, the honest, the diligent servant,15··/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘/˘
Sped in his bashful wooing with homely Hannah the housemaid;15···/˘/˘·/˘/˘·/˘
For when he asked her the question, she answered, "Nay"; and then added16······/˘·/˘···/˘
"But thee may make believe, and see what will come of it, Joseph."15····˘/·······/˘

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