Bishop Sigurd at Salten Fiord
Loud the angry wind was wailingAs King Olaf's ships came sailingNorthward out of Drontheim havenTo the mouth of Salten Fiord.
Though the flying sea-spray drenchesFore and aft the rowers' benches,Not a single heart is cravenOf the champions there on board.
All without the Fiord was quietBut within it storm and riot,Such as on his Viking cruisesRaud the Strong was wont to ride.
And the sea through all its tide-waysSwept the reeling vessels sideways,As the leaves are swept through sluices,When the flood-gates open wide.
"'T is the warlock! 't is the demonRaud!" cried Sigurd to the seamen;"But the Lord is not affrightedBy the witchcraft of his foes."
To the ship's bow he ascended,By his choristers attended,Round him were the tapers lighted,And the sacred incense rose.
On the bow stood Bishop Sigurd,In his robes, as one transfigured,And the Crucifix he plantedHigh amid the rain and mist.
Then with holy water sprinkledAll the ship; the mass-bells tinkled;Loud the monks around him chanted,Loud he read the Evangelist.
As into the Fiord they darted,On each side the water parted;Down a path like silver moltenSteadily rowed King Olaf's ships;
Steadily burned all night the tapers,And the White Christ through the vaporsGleamed across the Fiord of Salten,As through John's Apocalypse,--
Till at last they reached Raud's dwellingOn the little isle of Gelling;Not a guard was at the doorway,Not a glimmer of light was seen.
But at anchor, carved and gilded,Lay the dragon-ship he builded;'T was the grandest ship in Norway,With its crest and scales of green.
Up the stairway, softly creeping,To the loft where Raud was sleeping,With their fists they burst asunderBolt and bar that held the door.
Drunken with sleep and ale they found him,Dragged him from his bed and bound him,While he stared with stupid wonder,At the look and garb they wore.
Then King Olaf said: "O Sea-King!Little time have we for speaking,Choose between the good and evil;Be baptized, or thou shalt die!
But in scorn the heathen scofferAnswered: "I disdain thine offer;Neither fear I God nor Devil;Thee and thy Gospel I defy!"
Then between his jaws distended,When his frantic struggles ended,Through King Olaf's horn an adder,Touched by fire, they forced to glide.
Sharp his tooth was as an arrow,As he gnawed through bone and marrow;But without a groan or shudder,Raud the Strong blaspheming died.
Then baptized they all that region,Swarthy Lap and fair Norwegian,Far as swims the salmon, leaping,Up the streams of Salten Fiord.
In their temples Thor and OdinLay in dust and ashes trodden,As King Olaf, onward sweeping,Preached the Gospel with his sword.
Then he took the carved and gildedDragon-ship that Raud had builded,And the tiller single-handed,Grasping, steered into the main.
Southward sailed the sea-gulls o'er him,Southward sailed the ship that bore him,Till at Drontheim haven landedOlaf and his crew again.
Words in this poem 18
- angry a.
- Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
- northward a.
- Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west point. [AS. noredhweard.]
- fiord n.
- A narrow inlet of the sea, penetrating between high banks or rocks, as on the coasts of Norway and Alaska. [Dan. & Norw. fiord. See Frith.]
- craven v. t.
- To make recreant, weak, spiritless, or cowardly.
- viking n.
- One belonging to the pirate crews from among the Northmen, who plundered the coasts of Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenth centuries. [Icel. vikingr, fr. vik a bay, inlet.]
- warlock n.
- A male witch; a wizard; a sprite; an imp. [OE. warloghe a deceiver, a name or the Devil, AS. w a belier or breaker of his agreement, word, or pledge; w covenant, troth (akiverus true; see Very) + loga a ]
- crucifix n.
- A representation in art of the figure of Christ upon the cross; esp., the sculptured figure affixed to a real cross of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, used by the Roman Catholics in their devotions. [F. crucifix or LL. crucifixum, fr. L. crux, crucis, cross + figere, fixum, to fix. See Cross, and Fix, and cf. Crucify.]
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- evangelist n.
- A bringer of the glad tidings of Church and his doctrines.
- apocalypse n.
- The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New Testament. [L. apocalypsis, Gr. apocalypse.]
- isle v. t.
- To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
- doorway n.
- The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.
- stairway n.
- A flight of stairs or steps; a staircase.
- garb n.
- External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
- shalt
- 2d per. sing. of Shall.
- defy v. t.
- To renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; to reject, refuse, or renounce. [F. défier, OF. deffier, desfier, LL. disfidare to disown faith or fidelity, to dissolve the bond of allegiance, as between the vassal and his lord; hence, to ch]
- norwegian a.
- Of or pertaining to Norway, its inhabitants, or its language. [Cf. Icel. Noregr, Norvegr, Norway. See North, and Way.]
- thor n.
- The god of thunder, and son of Odin. [Icel. þors. Cf. Thursday.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Bishop Sigurd at Salten Fiord is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Bishop Sigurd at Salten Fiord, in A Psalm of Life, and Other Poems (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/bishop-sigurd-at-salten-fiord.html, id L17663.
Form and metre
Bishop Sigurd at Salten Fiord is 88 lines in 22 stanzas of 4 lines each. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.1 syllables. 56 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 23% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in trochaic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABC wailingA · sailingA · havenB · fiordC
- 2 --BC drenches · benches · cravenB · boardC
- 3 DD-E quietD · riotD · cruises · rideE
- 4 FF-E waysF · sidewaysF · sluices · wideE
- 5 GG-H demonG · seamenG · affrighted · foesH
- 6 II-H ascendedI · attendedI · lighted · roseH
- 8 JJ-- sprinkledJ · tinkledJ · chanted · evangelist
- 9 --KL darted · parted · moltenK · shipsL
- 10 MMKL tapersM · vaporsM · saltenK · apocalypseL
- 11 NNOP dwellingN · gellingN · doorwayO · seenP
- 12 QQOP gildedQ · buildedQ · norwayO · greenP
- 13 RRST creepingR · sleepingR · asunderS · doorT
- 14 --ST him · him · wonderS · woreT
- 15 ---U king · speaking · evil · dieU
- 16 VV-U scofferV · offerV · devil · defyU
- 17 ---W distended · ended · adder · glideW
- 18 ---W arrow · marrow · shudder · diedW
- 19 XXYZ regionX · norwegianX · leapingY · fiordZ
- 20 --YZ odin · trodden · sweepingY · swordZ
- 21 aab- gildeda · buildeda · handedb · main
- 22 --b- him · him · landedb · again
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Loud the angry wind was wailing | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| As King Olaf's ships came sailing | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Northward out of Drontheim haven | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| To the mouth of Salten Fiord. | 7 | ······· |
| Though the flying sea-spray drenches | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Fore and aft the rowers' benches, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Not a single heart is craven | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Of the champions there on board. | 8 | ··/˘˘··· |
| All without the Fiord was quiet | 8 | ······/˘ |
| But within it storm and riot, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Such as on his Viking cruises | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Raud the Strong was wont to ride. | 7 | ······· |
| And the sea through all its tide-ways | 8 | ········ |
| Swept the reeling vessels sideways, | 8 | ··/˘/˘/· |
| As the leaves are swept through sluices, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| When the flood-gates open wide. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| "'T is the warlock! 't is the demon | 10 | ···/˘···/˘ |
| Raud!" cried Sigurd to the seamen; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| "But the Lord is not affrighted | 8 | ········ |
| By the witchcraft of his foes." | 7 | ··/···· |
| To the ship's bow he ascended, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| By his choristers attended, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Round him were the tapers lighted, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| And the sacred incense rose. | 8 | ··/˘˘˘/· |
| On the bow stood Bishop Sigurd, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| In his robes, as one transfigured, | 8 | ········ |
| And the Crucifix he planted | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| High amid the rain and mist. | 7 | ·˘/···· |
| Then with holy water sprinkled | 8 | ··/˘/˘/˘ |
| All the ship; the mass-bells tinkled; | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Loud the monks around him chanted, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Loud he read the Evangelist. | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| As into the Fiord they darted, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| On each side the water parted; | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Down a path like silver molten | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Steadily rowed King Olaf's ships; | 8 | /˘˘··/˘· |
| Steadily burned all night the tapers, | 9 | /˘˘····/˘ |
| And the White Christ through the vapors | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Gleamed across the Fiord of Salten, | 8 | ·˘/····· |
| As through John's Apocalypse,-- | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| Till at last they reached Raud's dwelling | 8 | ······/˘ |
| On the little isle of Gelling; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Not a guard was at the doorway, | 8 | ······/· |
| Not a glimmer of light was seen. | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| But at anchor, carved and gilded, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Lay the dragon-ship he builded; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| 'T was the grandest ship in Norway, | 9 | ···/˘··/· |
| With its crest and scales of green. | 7 | ······· |
| Up the stairway, softly creeping, | 8 | ··/·/˘/˘ |
| To the loft where Raud was sleeping, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| With their fists they burst asunder | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Bolt and bar that held the door. | 7 | ······· |
| Drunken with sleep and ale they found him, | 9 | /˘······· |
| Dragged him from his bed and bound him, | 8 | ········ |
| While he stared with stupid wonder, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| At the look and garb they wore. | 7 | ······· |
| Then King Olaf said: "O Sea-King! | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Little time have we for speaking, | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| Choose between the good and evil; | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Be baptized, or thou shalt die! | 8 | ·˘/˘···· |
| But in scorn the heathen scoffer | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Answered: "I disdain thine offer; | 8 | /˘·˘/·/˘ |
| Neither fear I God nor Devil; | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| Thee and thy Gospel I defy!" | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Then between his jaws distended, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| When his frantic struggles ended, | 8 | ··/˘/˘/˘ |
| Through King Olaf's horn an adder, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Touched by fire, they forced to glide. | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Sharp his tooth was as an arrow, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| As he gnawed through bone and marrow; | 8 | ······/˘ |
| But without a groan or shudder, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Raud the Strong blaspheming died. | 7 | ······· |
| Then baptized they all that region, | 8 | ·˘/···/˘ |
| Swarthy Lap and fair Norwegian, | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| Far as swims the salmon, leaping, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Up the streams of Salten Fiord. | 7 | ······· |
| In their temples Thor and Odin | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Lay in dust and ashes trodden, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| As King Olaf, onward sweeping, | 8 | ··/˘/˘/˘ |
| Preached the Gospel with his sword. | 8 | ·˘·/˘··· |
| Then he took the carved and gilded | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Dragon-ship that Raud had builded, | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| And the tiller single-handed, | 8 | ··/˘/˘/˘ |
| Grasping, steered into the main. | 8 | /˘·˘···· |
| Southward sailed the sea-gulls o'er him, | 8 | /˘······ |
| Southward sailed the ship that bore him, | 8 | /˘······ |
| Till at Drontheim haven landed | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Olaf and his crew again. | 7 | /˘···˘/ |
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