Hiawatha’s Friends
Two good friends had Hiawatha,Singled out from all the others,Bound to him in closest union,And to whom he gave the right handOf his heart, in joy and sorrow;Chibiabos, the musician,And the very strong man, Kwasind.
Straight between them ran the pathway,Never grew the grass upon it;Singing birds, that utter falsehoods,Story-tellers, mischief-makers,Found no eager ear to listen,Could not breed ill-will between them,For they kept each other’s counsel,Spake with naked hearts together,Pondering much and much contrivingHow the tribes of men might prosper.
Most beloved by HiawathaWas the gentle Chibiabos,He the best of all musicians,He the sweetest of all singers.Beautiful and childlike was he,Brave as man is, soft as woman,Pliant as a wand of willow,Stately as a deer with antlers.
When he sang, the village listened;All the warriors gathered round him,All the women came to hear him;Now he stirred their souls to passion,Now he melted them to pity.
From the hollow reeds he fashionedFlutes so musical and mellow,That the brook, the Sebowisha,Ceased to murmur in the woodland,That the wood-birds ceased from singing,And the squirrel, Adjidaumo,Ceased his chatter in the oak-tree,And the rabbit, the Wabasso,Sat upright to look and listen.
Yes, the brook, the Sebowisha,Pausing, said, “O Chibiabos,Teach my waves to flow in music,Softly as your words in singing!”
Yes, the bluebird, the Owaissa,Envious, said, “O Chibiabos,Teach me tones as wild and wayward,Teach me songs as full of frenzy!”
Yes, the robin, the Opechee,Joyous, said, “O Chibiabos,Teach me tones as sweet and tender,Teach me songs as full of gladness!”
And the whippoorwill, Wawonaissa,Sobbing, said, “O Chibiabos,Teach me tones as melancholy,Teach me songs as full of sadness!”
All the many sounds of natureBorrowed sweetness from his singing;All the hearts of men were softenedBy the pathos of his music;For he sang of peace and freedom,Sang of beauty, love, and longing;Sang of death, and life undyingIn the Islands of the Blessed,In the kingdom of Ponemah,In the land of the Hereafter.
Very dear to HiawathaWas the gentle Chibiabos,He the best of all musicians,He the sweetest of all singers;For his gentleness he loved him,And the magic of his singing.
Dear, too, unto HiawathaWas the very strong man, Kwasind,He the strongest of all mortals,He the mightiest among many;For his very strength he loved him,For his strength allied to goodness.
Idle in his youth was Kwasind,Very listless, dull, and dreamy,Never played with other children,Never fished and never hunted,Not like other children was he;But they saw that much he fasted,Much his Manito entreated,Much besought his Guardian Spirit.
“Lazy Kwasind!” said his mother,“In my work you never help me!In the Summer you are roamingIdly in the fields and forests;In the Winter you are coweringO’er the firebrands in the wigwam!In the coldest days of WinterI must break the ice for fishing;With my nets you never help me!At the door my nets are hanging,Dripping, freezing with the water;Go and wring them, Yenadizze!Go and dry them in the sunshine!”
Slowly, from the ashes, KwasindRose, but made no angry answer;From the lodge went forth in silence,Took the nets, that hung together,Dripping, freezing at the doorway;Like a wisp of straw he wrung them,Like a wisp of straw he broke them,Could not wring them without breaking,Such the strength was in his fingers.
“Lazy Kwasind!” said his father,“In the hunt you never help me;Every bow you touch is broken,Snapped asunder every arrow;Yet come with me to the forest,You shall bring the hunting homeward.”
Down a narrow pass they wandered,Where a brooklet led them onward,Where the trail of deer and bisonMarked the soft mud on the margin,Till they found all further passageShut against them, barred securelyBy the trunks of trees uprooted,Lying lengthwise, lying crosswise,And forbidding further passage.
“We must go back,” said the old man,“O’er these logs we cannot clamber;Not a woodchuck could get through them,Not a squirrel clamber o’er them!”And straightway his pipe he lighted,And sat down to smoke and ponder.But before his pipe was finished,Lo! the path was cleared before him;All the trunks had Kwasind lifted,To the right hand, to the left hand,Shot the pine-trees swift as arrows,Hurled the cedars light as lances.
“Lazy Kwasind!” said the young men,As they sported in the meadow:“Why stand idly looking at us,Leaning on the rock behind you?Come and wrestle with the others,Let us pitch the quoit together!”
Lazy Kwasind made no answer,To their challenge made no answer,Only rose, and slowly turning,Seized the huge rock in his fingers,Tore it from its deep foundation,Poised it in the air a moment,Pitched it sheer into the river,Sheer into the swift Pauwating,Where it still is seen in Summer.
Once as down that foaming river,Down the rapids of Pauwating,Kwasind sailed with his companions,In the stream he saw a beaver,Saw Ahmeek, the King of Beavers,Struggling with the rushing currents,Rising, sinking in the water.
Without speaking, without pausing,Kwasind leaped into the river,Plunged beneath the bubbling surface,Through the whirlpools chased the beaver,Followed him among the islands,Stayed so long beneath the water,That his terrified companionsCried, “Alas! good-by to Kwasind!We shall never more see Kwasind!”But he reappeared triumphant,And upon his shining shouldersBrought the beaver, dead and dripping,Brought the King of all the Beavers.
And these two, as I have told you,Were the friends of Hiawatha,Chibiabos, the musician,And the very strong man, Kwasind.Long they lived in peace together,Spake with naked hearts together,Pondering much and much contrivingHow the tribes of men might prosper.
Words in this poem 29
- pathway n.
- A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.
- prosper v. t.
- To favor; to render successful. [F. prospérer v. i., or L. prosperare, v. i., or L. prosperare, v. t., fr. prosper or prosperus. See Prosperous.]
- childlike a.
- Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful.
- bluebird n.
- A small song bird (Sialia sialis), very common in the United States, and, in the north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring.
- envious a.
- Malignant; mischievous; spiteful. [OF. envios, F. envieux, fr. L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Invidious.]
- wayward a.
- Taking one's own way; disobedient; froward; perverse; willful. [OE. weiward, for aweiward, i. e., turned away. See Away, and -ward.]
- sobbing n.
- A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.
- sadness n.
- Heaviness; firmness.
- undying a.
- Not dying; imperishable; unending; immortal; as, the undying souls of men.
- hereafter adv.
- In time to come; in some future time or state. [AS. hræfter.]
- listless a.
- Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless. [OE. listles, lustles. See Lust.]
- dreamy a.
- Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary.
- manito n.
- A name given by tribes of American Indians to a great spirit, whether good or evil, or to any object of worship. Tylor.
- wigwam n.
- An Indian cabin or hut, usually of a conical form, and made of a framework of poles covered with hides, bark, or mats; -- called also tepee. [Sometimes written also weekwam.] [From the Algonquin or Massachusetts Indian word wek, "his house," or "dwelling place;" with possessive and locative affixes, we-kou-om-ut, "in his (or their) ho]
- dripping n.
- A falling in drops, or the sound so made.
- sunshine n.
- The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
- angry a.
- Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- doorway n.
- The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.
- wisp n.
- A small bundle, as of straw or other like substance. [OE. wisp, wips; probably akin to D. & G. wisch, Icel. visk, and perhaps to L. virga a twig, rod. Cf. Verge a rod, Whisk, n.]
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- homeward a.
- Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
- clamber v. i.
- To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used figuratively. [OE clambren, clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel. klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf. Clamp, Climb.]
- straightway adv.
- Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
- wrestle v. i.
- To contend, by grappling with, and striving to trip or throw down, an opponent; as, they wrestled skillfully. [OE. wrestlen, wrastlen, AS. wr, freq. of wr to wrest; akin to OD. wrastelen to wrestle. See Wrest, v. t.]
- quoit v. t.
- To throw; to pitch.
- tore n.
- The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
- stayed a.
- Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Hiawatha’s Friends is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Song of Hiawatha, Project Gutenberg ebook #19; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Hiawatha’s Friends, in The Song of Hiawatha (1855), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #19, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-hiawatha/hiawatha-s-friends.html, id L04201.
Form and metre
Hiawatha’s Friends is 177 lines in 23 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.1 syllables. 120 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 11% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in trochaic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ---A--A hiawatha · others · union · handA · sorrow · musician · kwasindA
- 4 -AA-- listened · himA · himA · passion · pity
- 5 A--A----- fashionedA · mellow · sebowisha · woodlandA · singing · adjidaumo · tree · wabasso · listen
- 14 -A------A---- mother · meA · roaming · forests · cowering · wigwam · winter · fishing · meA · hanging · water · yenadizze · sunshine
- 15 -----AA-- kwasind · answer · silence · together · doorway · themA · themA · breaking · fingers
- 17 ----A---A wandered · onward · bison · margin · passageA · securely · uprooted · crosswise · passageA
- 18 --AA-------- man · clamber · themA · themA · lighted · ponder · finished · him · lifted · hand · arrows · lances
- 20 AA------- answerA · answerA · turning · fingers · foundation · moment · river · pauwating · summer
- 22 -------AA---- pausing · river · surface · beaver · islands · water · companions · kwasindA · kwasindA · triumphant · shoulders · dripping · beavers
- 23 ----AA-- you · hiawatha · musician · kwasind · togetherA · togetherA · contriving · prosper
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Two good friends had Hiawatha, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Singled out from all the others, | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| Bound to him in closest union, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| And to whom he gave the right hand | 8 | ········ |
| Of his heart, in joy and sorrow; | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Chibiabos, the musician, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| And the very strong man, Kwasind. | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Straight between them ran the pathway, | 8 | ······/· |
| Never grew the grass upon it; | 8 | /˘······ |
| Singing birds, that utter falsehoods, | 8 | /˘··/˘/· |
| Story-tellers, mischief-makers, | 8 | /˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| Found no eager ear to listen, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Could not breed ill-will between them, | 8 | ········ |
| For they kept each other’s counsel, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Spake with naked hearts together, | 8 | ··/˘·˘/˘ |
| Pondering much and much contriving | 9 | /˘˘···˘/˘ |
| How the tribes of men might prosper. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Most beloved by Hiawatha | 8 | ·˘/··˘/˘ |
| Was the gentle Chibiabos, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| He the best of all musicians, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| He the sweetest of all singers. | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Beautiful and childlike was he, | 8 | /˘˘·/··· |
| Brave as man is, soft as woman, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Pliant as a wand of willow, | 8 | /˘····/· |
| Stately as a deer with antlers. | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| When he sang, the village listened; | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| All the warriors gathered round him, | 8 | ··/˘/˘·· |
| All the women came to hear him; | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Now he stirred their souls to passion, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Now he melted them to pity. | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| From the hollow reeds he fashioned | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Flutes so musical and mellow, | 8 | ··/˘˘·/˘ |
| That the brook, the Sebowisha, | 8 | ········ |
| Ceased to murmur in the woodland, | 8 | ··/˘··/· |
| That the wood-birds ceased from singing, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| And the squirrel, Adjidaumo, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Ceased his chatter in the oak-tree, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| And the rabbit, the Wabasso, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Sat upright to look and listen. | 8 | ·˘/···/˘ |
| Yes, the brook, the Sebowisha, | 8 | ········ |
| Pausing, said, “O Chibiabos, | 8 | /˘······ |
| Teach my waves to flow in music, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Softly as your words in singing!” | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| Yes, the bluebird, the Owaissa, | 8 | ··/····· |
| Envious, said, “O Chibiabos, | 8 | /˘······ |
| Teach me tones as wild and wayward, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Teach me songs as full of frenzy!” | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Yes, the robin, the Opechee, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Joyous, said, “O Chibiabos, | 8 | /˘······ |
| Teach me tones as sweet and tender, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Teach me songs as full of gladness!” | 8 | ······/˘ |
| And the whippoorwill, Wawonaissa, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Sobbing, said, “O Chibiabos, | 8 | /˘······ |
| Teach me tones as melancholy, | 8 | ····/˘·˘ |
| Teach me songs as full of sadness!” | 8 | ······/˘ |
| All the many sounds of nature | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Borrowed sweetness from his singing; | 8 | /·/˘··/˘ |
| All the hearts of men were softened | 8 | ······/˘ |
| By the pathos of his music; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| For he sang of peace and freedom, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Sang of beauty, love, and longing; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Sang of death, and life undying | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| In the Islands of the Blessed, | 8 | ··/˘···˘ |
| In the kingdom of Ponemah, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| In the land of the Hereafter. | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Very dear to Hiawatha | 8 | /˘···˘/˘ |
| Was the gentle Chibiabos, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| He the best of all musicians, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| He the sweetest of all singers; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| For his gentleness he loved him, | 8 | ··/˘˘··· |
| And the magic of his singing. | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Dear, too, unto Hiawatha | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Was the very strong man, Kwasind, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| He the strongest of all mortals, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| He the mightiest among many; | 9 | ··/˘˘··/˘ |
| For his very strength he loved him, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| For his strength allied to goodness. | 8 | ···˘/·/˘ |
| Idle in his youth was Kwasind, | 8 | /˘······ |
| Very listless, dull, and dreamy, | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| Never played with other children, | 8 | /˘··/˘/˘ |
| Never fished and never hunted, | 8 | /˘··/˘/˘ |
| Not like other children was he; | 8 | ··/˘/˘·· |
| But they saw that much he fasted, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Much his Manito entreated, | 8 | ········ |
| Much besought his Guardian Spirit. | 9 | ·˘/·/˘˘/˘ |
| “Lazy Kwasind!” said his mother, | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| “In my work you never help me! | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| In the Summer you are roaming | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Idly in the fields and forests; | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| In the Winter you are cowering | 9 | ··/˘··/˘˘ |
| O’er the firebrands in the wigwam! | 9 | ··/˘···/˘ |
| In the coldest days of Winter | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| I must break the ice for fishing; | 8 | ······/˘ |
| With my nets you never help me! | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| At the door my nets are hanging, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Dripping, freezing with the water; | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| Go and wring them, Yenadizze! | 8 | ········ |
| Go and dry them in the sunshine!” | 8 | ······/· |
| Slowly, from the ashes, Kwasind | 8 | /˘··/˘·· |
| Rose, but made no angry answer; | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| From the lodge went forth in silence, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Took the nets, that hung together, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Dripping, freezing at the doorway; | 8 | /˘/˘··/· |
| Like a wisp of straw he wrung them, | 8 | ········ |
| Like a wisp of straw he broke them, | 8 | ········ |
| Could not wring them without breaking, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Such the strength was in his fingers. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| “Lazy Kwasind!” said his father, | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| “In the hunt you never help me; | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| Every bow you touch is broken, | 9 | /˘˘····/˘ |
| Snapped asunder every arrow; | 9 | ·˘/˘/˘˘/˘ |
| Yet come with me to the forest, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| You shall bring the hunting homeward.” | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Down a narrow pass they wandered, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Where a brooklet led them onward, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Where the trail of deer and bison | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Marked the soft mud on the margin, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Till they found all further passage | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Shut against them, barred securely | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| By the trunks of trees uprooted, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Lying lengthwise, lying crosswise, | 8 | /˘/·/˘/· |
| And forbidding further passage. | 8 | ·˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| “We must go back,” said the old man, | 8 | ········ |
| “O’er these logs we cannot clamber; | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Not a woodchuck could get through them, | 8 | ··/····· |
| Not a squirrel clamber o’er them!” | 8 | ··/˘/˘·· |
| And straightway his pipe he lighted, | 8 | ·/˘···/˘ |
| And sat down to smoke and ponder. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| But before his pipe was finished, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Lo! the path was cleared before him; | 8 | ········ |
| All the trunks had Kwasind lifted, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| To the right hand, to the left hand, | 8 | ········ |
| Shot the pine-trees swift as arrows, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Hurled the cedars light as lances. | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| “Lazy Kwasind!” said the young men, | 8 | /˘······ |
| As they sported in the meadow: | 8 | ··/˘··/· |
| “Why stand idly looking at us, | 8 | ··/˘/˘·· |
| Leaning on the rock behind you? | 8 | /˘······ |
| Come and wrestle with the others, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Let us pitch the quoit together!” | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Lazy Kwasind made no answer, | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| To their challenge made no answer, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Only rose, and slowly turning, | 8 | /˘··/˘/˘ |
| Seized the huge rock in his fingers, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Tore it from its deep foundation, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Poised it in the air a moment, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Pitched it sheer into the river, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Sheer into the swift Pauwating, | 8 | ········ |
| Where it still is seen in Summer. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Once as down that foaming river, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Down the rapids of Pauwating, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Kwasind sailed with his companions, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| In the stream he saw a beaver, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Saw Ahmeek, the King of Beavers, | 8 | ·/˘···/˘ |
| Struggling with the rushing currents, | 9 | /˘˘··/˘/˘ |
| Rising, sinking in the water. | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| Without speaking, without pausing, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Kwasind leaped into the river, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Plunged beneath the bubbling surface, | 9 | ····/˘˘/˘ |
| Through the whirlpools chased the beaver, | 8 | ··/···/˘ |
| Followed him among the islands, | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| Stayed so long beneath the water, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| That his terrified companions | 8 | ··/˘·˘/˘ |
| Cried, “Alas! good-by to Kwasind! | 8 | ·˘/····· |
| We shall never more see Kwasind!” | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| But he reappeared triumphant, | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| And upon his shining shoulders | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Brought the beaver, dead and dripping, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Brought the King of all the Beavers. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| And these two, as I have told you, | 8 | ········ |
| Were the friends of Hiawatha, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Chibiabos, the musician, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| And the very strong man, Kwasind. | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| Long they lived in peace together, | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Spake with naked hearts together, | 8 | ··/˘·˘/˘ |
| Pondering much and much contriving | 9 | /˘˘···˘/˘ |
| How the tribes of men might prosper. | 8 | ······/˘ |
Notes from the edition 5
Longfellow's own Vocabulary to The Song of Hiawatha (Project Gutenberg #19), placed at each word's first occurrence in the poem.
- Stanza 1, line 6 Chibia’bos, a musician; friend of Hiawatha; ruler of the Land of Spirits
- Stanza 1, line 7 Kwa’sind, the Strong Man
- Stanza 10, line 9 Pone’mah, hereafter
- Stanza 14, line 12 Yenadiz’ze, an idler and gambler; an Indian dandy
- Stanza 21, line 5 Ahmeek’, the beaver
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.