Part I, Section III

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1847

dactylic hexameter · 114 lines · from Evangeline

BENT like a laboring oar, that toils in the surf of the ocean,Bent, but not broken, by age was the form of the notary public;Shocks of yellow hair, like the silken floss of the maize, hungOver his shoulders; his forehead was high; and glasses with horn bowsSat astride on his nose, with a look of wisdom supernal.Father of twenty children was he, and more than a hundredChildren's children rode on his knee, and heard his great watch tick.Four long years in the times of the war had he languished a captive,Suffering much in an old French fort as the friend of the English.Now, though warier grown, without all guile or suspicion,Ripe in wisdom was he, but patient, and simple, and childlike.He was beloved by all, and most of all by the children;For he told them tales of the Loup-garou in the forest,And of the goblin that came in the night to water the horses,And of the white Létiche, the ghost of a child who unchristenedDied, and was doomed to haunt unseen the chambers of children;And how on Christmas eve the oxen talked in the stable,And how the fever was cured by a spider shut up in a nutshell,And of the marvellous powers of four-leaved clover and horseshoes,With whatsoever else was writ in the lore of the village.Then up rose from his seat by the fireside Basil the blacksmith,Knocked from his pipe the ashes, and slowly extending his right hand,"Father Leblanc," he exclaimed, "thou hast heard the talk in the village,And, perchance, canst tell us some news of these ships and their errand."Then with modest demeanor made answer the notary public:--"Gossip enough have I heard, in sooth, yet am never the wiser;And what their errand may be I know not better than others.Yet am I not of those who imagine some evil intentionBrings them here, for we are at peace; and why then molest us?""God's name!" shouted the hasty and somewhat irascible blacksmith;"Must we in all things look for the how, and the why, and the wherefore?Daily injustice is done, and might is the right of the strongest!"But, without heeding his warmth, continued the notary public:--"Man is unjust, but God is just; and finally justiceTriumphs; and well I remember a story, that often consoled me,When as a captive I lay in the old French fort at Port Royal."This was the old man's favorite tale, and he loved to repeat itWhen his neighbors complained that any injustice was done them."Once in an ancient city, whose name I no longer remember,Raised aloft on a column, a brazen statue of JusticeStood in the public square, upholding the scales in its left hand,And in its right a sword, as an emblem that justice presidedOver the laws of the land, and the hearts and homes of the people.Even the birds had built their nests in the scales of the balance,Having no fear of the sword that flashed in the sunshine above them.But in the course of time the laws of the land were corrupted;Might took the place of right, and the weak were oppressed, and the mightyRuled with an iron rod. Then it chanced in a nobleman's palaceThat a necklace of pearls was lost, and erelong a suspicionFell on an orphan girl who lived as maid in the household.She, after form of trial condemned to die on the scaffold,Patiently met her doom at the foot of the statue of Justice.As to her Father in heaven her innocent spirit ascended,Lo! o'er the city a tempest rose; and the bolts of the thunderSmote the statue of bronze, and hurled in wrath from its left handDown on the pavement below the clattering scales of the balance,And in the hollow thereof was found the nest of a magpie,Into whose clay-built walls the necklace of pearls was inwoven."Silenced, but not convinced, when the story was ended, the blacksmithStood like a man who fain would speak, but findeth no language;All his thoughts were congealed into lines on his face, as the vaporsFreeze in fantastic shapes on the window-panes in the winter.

Then Evangeline lighted the brazen lamp on the table,Filled, till it overflowed, the pewter tankard with home-brewedNut-brown ale, that was famed for its strength in the village of Grand-Pré;While from his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn,Wrote with a steady hand the date and the age of the parties,Naming the dower of the bride in flocks of sheep and in cattle.Orderly all things proceeded, and duly and well were completed,And the great seal of the law was set like a sun on the margin.Then from his leathern pouch the farmer threw on the tableThree times the old man's fee in solid pieces of silver;And the notary rising, and blessing the bride and the bridegroom,Lifted aloft the tankard of ale and drank to their welfare.Wiping the foam from his lip, he solemnly bowed and departed,While in silence the others sat and mused by the fireside,Till Evangeline brought the draught-board out of its corner.Soon was the game begun. In friendly contention the old menLaughed at each lucky hit, or unsuccessful manoeuver,Laughed when a man was crowned, or a breach was made in the king-row.Meanwhile apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's embrasure,Sat the lovers, and whispered together, beholding the moon riseOver the pallid sea and the silvery mist of the meadows.Silently one by one, in the infinite meadows of heaven,Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels.

Thus passed the evening away. Anon the bell from the belfryRang out the hour of nine, the village curfew, and straightwayRose the guests and departed; and silence reigned in the household.Many a farewell word and sweet good night on the door-stepLingered long in Evangeline's heart, and filled it with gladness.Carefully then were covered the embers that glowed on the hearth-stone;And on the oaken stairs resounded the tread of the farmer.Soon with a soundless step the foot of Evangeline followed.Up the staircase moved a luminous space in the darkness,Lighted less by the lamp than the shining face of the maiden.Silent she passed the hall, and entered the door of her chamber.Simple that chamber was, with its curtains of white, and its clothes-pressAmple and high, on whose spacious shelves were carefully foldedLinen and woollen stuffs, by the hand of Evangeline woven.This was the precious dower she would bring to her husband in marriage,Better than flocks and herds, being proofs of her skill as a housewife.Soon she extinguished her lamp, for the mellow and radiant moonlightStreamed through the windows, and lighted the room, till the heart of the maidenSwelled and obeyed its power, like the tremulous tides of the ocean.Ah! she was fair, exceeding fair to behold, as she stood withNaked snow-white feet on the gleaming floor of her chamber!Little she dreamed that below, among the trees of the orchard,Waited her lover and watched for the gleam of her lamp and her shadow.Yet were her thoughts of him, and at times a feeling of sadnessPassed o'er her soul, as the sailing shade of clouds in the moonlightFlitted across the floor and darkened the room for a moment.And, as she gazed from the window, she saw serenely the moon passForth from the folds of a cloud, and one star follow her footsteps,As out of Abraham's tent young Ishmael wandered with Hagar!

Words in this poem 39
laboring a.
That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring days.
floss n.
The slender styles of the pistillate flowers of maize; also called silk. [It. floscio flabby, soft, fr. L. fluxus flowing, loose, slack. See Flux, n.]
astride adv.
With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched wide apart; astraddle. [Pref. a- + stride.]
supernal a.
Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as, the supernal orbs; supernal regions. [L. supernus, from super above: cf. F. supernel. See Super-.]
rode n.
Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
childlike a.
Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful.
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
unchristened a.
Not christened; as, an unchristened child. [Pref. un- not + christened.]
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
nutshell n.
The shell or hard external covering in which the kernel of a nut is inclosed.
fireside n.
A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.
blacksmith n.
A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc. [Black (in allusion to the color of the metal) + smith. Cf. Whitesmith.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
demeanor n.
Management; treatment; conduct. [For demeanure, fr. demean. See Demean, v. t.]
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
molest v. t.
To trouble; to disturb; to render uneasy; to interfere with; to vex. [F. molester, L. molestare, fr. molestus troublesome, fr. moles a heavy mass, load, burden. See 3d Mole.]
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
erelong adv.
Before the ere long.
patiently adv.
In a patient manner.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
pewter n.
A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth. [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D. peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum. Cf. Spelter.]
tankard n.
A large drinking vessel, especially one with a cover. [OF. tanquart; cf. OD. tanckaert; of uncertain origin.]
inkhorn a.
Learned; pedantic; affected.
wrote v. i.
To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]
leathern a.
Made of leather; consisting of. leather; as, a leathern purse.
bridegroom n.
A man newly married, or just about to be married. [OE. bridegome, brudgume, AS. br (akin to OS. br, D. bruidegom, bruigom, OHG. pr, MHG. briutegome, G. bräutigam); AS. br bride + guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Ic]
drank n.
Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Cf. 3d Drake.]
unsuccessful a.
Not successful; not producing the desired event; not fortunate; meeting with, or resulting in, failure; unlucky; unhappy.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
beholding a.
Obliged; beholden.
anon adv.
Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
belfry n.
A movable tower erected by besiegers for purposes of attack and defense. [OE. berfray movable tower used in sieges, OF. berfreit, berfroit, F. beffroi, fr. MHG. bervrit, bercvrit, G. bergfriede, fr. MHG. bergen to protect (G. bergen t]
curfew n.
The ringing of an evening bell, originally a signal to the inhabitants to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire to rest, -- instituted by William the Conqueror; also, the bell itself. [OE. courfew, curfu, fr. OF. cuevrefu, covrefeu, F. couvre-feu; covrir to cover + feu fire, fr. L. focus fireplace, hearth. See Cover, and Focus.]
straightway adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
oaken a.
Made or consisting of oaks or of the wood of oaks. [AS. acen.]
soundless a.
Not capable of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable.
sadness n.
Heaviness; firmness.
serenely adv.
In a serene manner; clearly.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part I, Section III is in the public domain. This text is taken from Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie, Project Gutenberg ebook #2039; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Part I, Section III, in Evangeline (1847), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #2039, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-evangeline/part-i-section-iii.html, id L04222.

Form and metre

Part I, Section III is 114 lines in 3 stanzas. 70% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 15.4 syllables. 73 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 27% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----------------AA---B-B-------------------------CC----------- ocean · public · hung · bows · supernal · hundred · tick · captive · english · suspicion · childlike · children · forest · horses · unchristened · children · stableA · nutshellA · horseshoes · village · blacksmith · handB · village · errandB · public · wiser · others · intention · us · blacksmith · wherefore · strongest · public · justice · me · royal · it · them · remember · justice · hand · presided · people · balance · them · corrupted · mighty · palace · suspicion · householdC · scaffoldC · justice · ascended · thunder · hand · balance · magpie · inwoven · blacksmith · language · vapors · winter
  2. 2 A-------A---BB--------- tableA · brewed · — · inkhorn · parties · cattle · completed · margin · tableA · silver · bridegroom · welfare · departedB · firesideB · corner · men · manoeuver · row · embrasure · rise · meadows · heaven · angels
  3. 3 ----AB--ABCA----DB--C--AD-A-- belfry · straightway · household · step · gladnessA · stoneB · farmer · followed · darknessA · maidenB · chamberC · pressA · folded · woven · marriage · housewife · moonlightD · maidenB · ocean · with · chamberC · orchard · shadow · sadnessA · moonlightD · moment · passA · footsteps · hagar
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
BENT like a laboring oar, that toils in the surf of the ocean,16···/˘˘········/˘
Bent, but not broken, by age was the form of the notary public;17···/˘·······/˘˘/˘
Shocks of yellow hair, like the silken floss of the maize, hung14··/˘···/˘·····
Over his shoulders; his forehead was high; and glasses with horn bows16···/˘·/˘···/˘···
Sat astride on his nose, with a look of wisdom supernal.15·˘/·······/˘˘/˘
Father of twenty children was he, and more than a hundred15/˘·/˘/˘······/˘
Children's children rode on his knee, and heard his great watch tick.14/˘/˘··········
Four long years in the times of the war had he languished a captive,16···········/˘·/˘
Suffering much in an old French fort as the friend of the English.16/˘˘···········/˘
Now, though warier grown, without all guile or suspicion,13··········˘/˘
Ripe in wisdom was he, but patient, and simple, and childlike.15··/˘···/˘·/˘·/·
He was beloved by all, and most of all by the children;14··˘/········/˘
For he told them tales of the Loup-garou in the forest,14············/˘
And of the goblin that came in the night to water the horses,16···/˘······/˘·/˘
And of the white Létiche, the ghost of a child who unchristened15············˘/˘
Died, and was doomed to haunt unseen the chambers of children;14······˘/·/˘·/˘
And how on Christmas eve the oxen talked in the stable,14···/˘··/˘···/˘
And how the fever was cured by a spider shut up in a nutshell,17···/˘····/˘····/·
And of the marvellous powers of four-leaved clover and horseshoes,16······/˘···/˘·/·
With whatsoever else was writ in the lore of the village.15··˘/˘········/˘
Then up rose from his seat by the fireside Basil the blacksmith,16········/˘·/˘·/·
Knocked from his pipe the ashes, and slowly extending his right hand,16·····/˘·/˘˘/˘···
"Father Leblanc," he exclaimed, "thou hast heard the talk in the village,16/˘˘/·˘/·······/˘
And, perchance, canst tell us some news of these ships and their errand."15·˘/··········/˘
Then with modest demeanor made answer the notary public:--16··/˘˘/˘·/˘·/˘˘/˘
"Gossip enough have I heard, in sooth, yet am never the wiser;16/˘˘/·······/˘·/˘
And what their errand may be I know not better than others.15···/˘·····/˘·/˘
Yet am I not of those who imagine some evil intention16·······˘/˘·/˘˘/˘
Brings them here, for we are at peace; and why then molest us?"14···········˘/·
"God's name!" shouted the hasty and somewhat irascible blacksmith;16··/˘·/˘·//˘/˘˘/·
"Must we in all things look for the how, and the why, and the wherefore?16··············/˘
Daily injustice is done, and might is the right of the strongest!"16/˘˘/˘·········/˘
But, without heeding his warmth, continued the notary public:--16···/˘··˘/˘·/˘˘/˘
"Man is unjust, but God is just; and finally justice14··˘/·····/˘˘/˘
Triumphs; and well I remember a story, that often consoled me,17/˘···˘/˘·/˘·/˘˘/·
When as a captive I lay in the old French fort at Port Royal."16···/˘·········/˘
This was the old man's favorite tale, and he loved to repeat it16·····/˘˘·····˘/·
When his neighbors complained that any injustice was done them.15··/˘˘/·/˘˘/˘···
"Once in an ancient city, whose name I no longer remember,16···/˘/˘····/˘˘/˘
Raised aloft on a column, a brazen statue of Justice15·˘/··/˘·/˘/··/˘
Stood in the public square, upholding the scales in its left hand,15···/˘·˘/˘······
And in its right a sword, as an emblem that justice presided16········/˘·/˘˘/˘
Over the laws of the land, and the hearts and homes of the people.16··············/˘
Even the birds had built their nests in the scales of the balance,15/˘···········/˘
Having no fear of the sword that flashed in the sunshine above them.16/˘·········/····
But in the course of time the laws of the land were corrupted;15············˘/˘
Might took the place of right, and the weak were oppressed, and the mighty16··········˘/··/˘
Ruled with an iron rod. Then it chanced in a nobleman's palace16···/˘······/˘˘/˘
That a necklace of pearls was lost, and erelong a suspicion16··/˘·········˘/˘
Fell on an orphan girl who lived as maid in the household.14···/˘·······/·
She, after form of trial condemned to die on the scaffold,15·····/˘˘/····/˘
Patiently met her doom at the foot of the statue of Justice.16/˘˘········/··/˘
As to her Father in heaven her innocent spirit ascended,17···/˘·/˘·/˘˘/˘˘/˘
Lo! o'er the city a tempest rose; and the bolts of the thunder16···/˘·/˘······/˘
Smote the statue of bronze, and hurled in wrath from its left hand14··/···········
Down on the pavement below the clattering scales of the balance,16···/˘···/˘˘···/˘
And in the hollow thereof was found the nest of a magpie,15···/˘········/·
Into whose clay-built walls the necklace of pearls was inwoven."15·······/˘······
Silenced, but not convinced, when the story was ended, the blacksmith16/˘··˘/··/˘·/˘·/·
Stood like a man who fain would speak, but findeth no language;14·········/˘·/˘
All his thoughts were congealed into lines on his face, as the vapors16····˘/········/˘
Freeze in fantastic shapes on the window-panes in the winter.15··˘/˘···/˘···/˘
Then Evangeline lighted the brazen lamp on the table,15·˘/˘·/˘·/˘···/˘
Filled, till it overflowed, the pewter tankard with home-brewed14····˘/·/˘/˘···
Nut-brown ale, that was famed for its strength in the village of Grand-Pré;16···········/˘···
While from his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn,16···/˘·/˘˘··/˘·/˘
Wrote with a steady hand the date and the age of the parties,15···/˘········/˘
Naming the dower of the bride in flocks of sheep and in cattle.15/˘···········/˘
Orderly all things proceeded, and duly and well were completed,17/˘˘··˘/˘·/˘···˘/˘
And the great seal of the law was set like a sun on the margin.16··············/˘
Then from his leathern pouch the farmer threw on the table14···/˘··/˘···/˘
Three times the old man's fee in solid pieces of silver;14·······/˘/˘·/˘
And the notary rising, and blessing the bride and the bridegroom,16··/˘˘/˘·/˘····/·
Lifted aloft the tankard of ale and drank to their welfare.15/˘˘/·/˘······/·
Wiping the foam from his lip, he solemnly bowed and departed,16/˘······/˘˘··˘/˘
While in silence the others sat and mused by the fireside,15··/˘·/˘·····/˘·
Till Evangeline brought the draught-board out of its corner.14·˘/˘········/˘
Soon was the game begun. In friendly contention the old men15····˘/·/˘˘/˘···
Laughed at each lucky hit, or unsuccessful manoeuver,14···/˘···˘/˘···
Laughed when a man was crowned, or a breach was made in the king-row.15···············
Meanwhile apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's embrasure,16/·˘/··/····/˘˘/˘
Sat the lovers, and whispered together, beholding the moon rise16··/˘·/˘˘/˘˘/˘···
Over the pallid sea and the silvery mist of the meadows.16···/˘···/˘˘···/·
Silently one by one, in the infinite meadows of heaven,16/˘˘·····/˘˘/··/˘
Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels.15/˘·/˘··˘/····/˘
Thus passed the evening away. Anon the bell from the belfry15···/˘˘/˘/····/˘
Rang out the hour of nine, the village curfew, and straightway15···/˘···/˘/˘·/˘
Rose the guests and departed; and silence reigned in the household.15····˘/˘·/˘···/·
Many a farewell word and sweet good night on the door-step14/˘··/·········
Lingered long in Evangeline's heart, and filled it with gladness.15/˘··˘/˘······/˘
Carefully then were covered the embers that glowed on the hearth-stone;16/˘˘··/˘·/˘······
And on the oaken stairs resounded the tread of the farmer.15···/˘··/˘····/˘
Soon with a soundless step the foot of Evangeline followed.15···/˘····˘/˘·/˘
Up the staircase moved a luminous space in the darkness,14··/···/˘˘···/˘
Lighted less by the lamp than the shining face of the maiden.15/˘······/˘···/˘
Silent she passed the hall, and entered the door of her chamber.15/˘·····/˘····/˘
Simple that chamber was, with its curtains of white, and its clothes-press16/˘·/˘···/˘······
Ample and high, on whose spacious shelves were carefully folded15/˘····/˘··/˘˘/˘
Linen and woollen stuffs, by the hand of Evangeline woven.16/˘·/˘·····˘/˘·/˘
This was the precious dower she would bring to her husband in marriage,16···/˘······/˘·/˘
Better than flocks and herds, being proofs of her skill as a housewife.16/˘····/˘······/·
Soon she extinguished her lamp, for the mellow and radiant moonlight17··˘/˘····/˘·/˘˘/·
Streamed through the windows, and lighted the room, till the heart of the maiden17···/˘·/˘·······/˘
Swelled and obeyed its power, like the tremulous tides of the ocean.17··˘/·/˘··/˘˘···/˘
Ah! she was fair, exceeding fair to behold, as she stood with15····˘/˘··˘/····
Naked snow-white feet on the gleaming floor of her chamber!14/˘·····/˘···/˘
Little she dreamed that below, among the trees of the orchard,15/˘···········/˘
Waited her lover and watched for the gleam of her lamp and her shadow.17/˘·/˘··········/·
Yet were her thoughts of him, and at times a feeling of sadness15··········/˘·/˘
Passed o'er her soul, as the sailing shade of clouds in the moonlight15······/˘·····/·
Flitted across the floor and darkened the room for a moment.15/˘˘/···/˘····/˘
And, as she gazed from the window, she saw serenely the moon pass17······/˘··˘/˘˘···
Forth from the folds of a cloud, and one star follow her footsteps,15··········/˘·/·
As out of Abraham's tent young Ishmael wandered with Hagar!15···/˘···/˘/˘·/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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