Part I, Section II

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1847

dactylic hexameter · unrhymed · 120 lines · from Evangeline

NOW had the season returned, when the nights grow colder and longer,And the retreating sun the sign of the Scorpion enters.Birds of passage sailed through the leaden air, from the ice-bound,Desolate northern bays to the shores of tropical islands.Harvests were gathered in; and wild with the winds of SeptemberWrestled the trees of the forest, as Jacob of old with the angel.All the signs foretold a winter long and inclement.Bees, with prophetic instinct of want, had hoarded their honeyTill the hives overflowed; and the Indian hunters assertedCold would the winter be, for thick was the fur of the foxes.Such was the advent of autumn. Then followed that beautiful season,Called by the pious Acadian peasants the Summer of All-Saints!Filled was the air with a dreamy and magical light; and the landscapeLay as if new-created in all the freshness of childhood.Peace seemed to reign upon earth, and the restless heart of the oceanWas for a moment consoled. All sounds were in harmony blended.Voices of children at play, the crowing of cocks in the farm-yards,Whir of wings in the drowsy air, and the cooing of pigeons,All were subdued and low as the murmurs of love, and the great sunLooked with the eye of love through the golden vapors around him;While arrayed in its robes of russet and scarlet and yellow,Bright with the sheen of the dew, each glittering tree of the forestFlashed like the plane-tree the Persian adorned with mantles and jewels.

Now recommenced the reign of rest and affection and stillness.Day with its burden and heat had departed, and twilight descendingBrought back the evening star to the sky, and the herds to the homestead.Pawing the ground they came, and resting their necks on each other,And with their nostrils distended inhaling the freshness of evening.Foremost, bearing the bell, Evangeline's beautiful heifer,Proud of her snow-white hide, and the ribbon that waved from her collar,Quietly paced and slow, as if conscious of human affection.Then came the shepherd back with his bleating flocks from the seaside,Where was their favorite pasture. Behind them followed the watch-dog,Patient, full of importance, and grand in the pride of his instinct,Walking from side to side with a lordly air, and superblyWaving his bushy tail, and urging forward the stragglers;Regent of flocks was he when the shepherd slept; their protector,When from the forest at night, through the starry silence, the wolves howled.Late, with the rising moon, returned the wains from the marshes,Laden with briny hay, that filled the air with its odor.Cheerily neighed the steeds, with dew on their manes and their fetlocks,While aloft on their shoulders the wooden and ponderous saddles,Painted with brilliant dyes, and adorned with tassels of crimson,Nodded in bright array, like hollyhocks heavy with blossoms.Patiently stood the cows meanwhile, and yielded their uddersUnto the milkmaid's hand; whilst loud and in regular cadenceInto the sounding pails the foaming streamlets descended.Lowing of cattle and peals of laughter were heard in the farm-yard,Echoed back by the barns. Anon they sank into stillness;Heavily closed, with a jarring sound, the valves of the barn-doors,Rattled the wooden bars, and all for a season was silent.

In-doors, warm by the wide-mouthed fireplace, idly the farmerSat in his elbow-chair; and watched how the flames and the smoke-wreathsStruggled together like foe in a burning city. Behind him,Nodding and mocking along the wall, with gestures fantastic,Darted his own huge shadow, and vanished away into darkness.Faces, clumsily carved in oak, on the back of his arm-chairLaughed in the flickering light, and the pewter plates on the dresserCaught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine.Fragments of song the old man sang, and carols of Christmas,Such as at home, in the olden time, his fathers before himSang in their Norman orchards and bright Burgundian vineyards.Close at her father's side was the gentle Evangeline seated,Spinning flax for the loom, that stood in the corner behind her.Silent awhile were its treadles, at rest was its diligent shuttle,While the monotonous drone of the wheel, like the drone of a bagpipe,Followed the old man's song, and united the fragments together.As in a church, when the chant of the choir at intervals ceases,Footfalls are heard in the aisles, or words of the priest at the altar,So, in each pause of the song, with measured motion the clock clicked.

Thus as they sat, there were footsteps heard, and, suddenly lifted,Sounded the wooden latch, and the door swung back on its hinges.Benedict knew by the hob-nailed shoes it was Basil the blacksmith,And by her beating heart Evangeline knew who was with him."Welcome!" the farmer exclaimed, as their footsteps paused on the threshold,"Welcome, Basil, my friend! Come, take thy place on the settleClose by the chimney-side, which is always empty without thee;Take from the shelf overhead thy pipe and the box of tobacco;Never so much thyself art thou as when through the curlingSmoke of the pipe or the forge thy friendly and jovial face gleamsRound and red as the harvest moon through the mist of the marshes."Then, with a smile of content, thus answered Basil the blacksmith,Taking with easy air the accustomed seat by the fireside:--"Benedict Bellefontaine, thou hast ever thy jest and thy ballad!Ever in cheerfullest mood art thou, when others are filled withGloomy forebodings of ill, and see only ruin before them.Happy art thou, as if every day thou hadst picked up a horseshoe."Pausing a moment, to take the pipe that Evangeline brought him,And with a coal from the embers had lighted, he slowly continued:--"Four days now are passed since the English ships at their anchorsRide in the Gaspereau's mouth, with their cannon pointed against us,What their design may be is unknown; but all are commandedOn the morrow to meet in the church, where his Majesty's mandateWill be proclaimed as law in the land. Alas! in the mean timeMany surmises of evil alarm the hearts of the people."Then made answer the farmer:--"Perhaps some friendlier purposeBrings these ships to our shores. Perhaps the harvests in EnglandBy untimely rains or untimelier heat have been blighted,And from our bursting barns they would feed their cattle and children.""Not so thinketh the folk in the village," said, warmly, the blacksmith,Shaking his head, as in doubt; then, heaving a sigh, he continued:--"Louisburg is not forgotten, nor Beau Séjour, nor Port Royal.Many already have fled to the forest, and lurk on its outskirts,Waiting with anxious hearts the dubious fate of to-morrow.Arms have been taken from us, and warlike weapons of all kinds;Nothing is left but the blacksmith's sledge and the scythe of the mower."Then with a pleasant smile made answer the jovial farmer:--"Safer are we unarmed, in the midst of our flocks and our cornfields,Safer within these peaceful dikes, besieged by the ocean,Than our fathers in forts, besieged by the enemy's cannon.Fear no evil, my friend, and to-night may no shadow of sorrowFall on this house and hearth; for this is the night of the contract.Built are the house and the barn. The merry lads of the villageStrongly have built them and well; and, breaking the glebe round about them,Filled the barn with hay, and the house with food for a twelvemonth.René Leblanc will be here anon, with his papers and inkhorn.Shall we not then be glad, and rejoice in the joy of our children?"As apart by the window she stood, with her hand in her lover's,Blushing Evangeline heard the words that her father had spoken,And, as they died on his lips, the worthy notary entered.

Words in this poem 36
inclement a.
Not clement; destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh. [L. inclemens; pref. in- not + clemens mild: cf. F. inclément. See Clement.]
acadian a.
Of or pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia.
dreamy a.
Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary.
childhood n.
The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]
sheen v. i.
To shine; to glisten.
stillness n.
The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness; inactivity.
bleating a.
Crying as a sheep does.
seaside n.
The land bordering on, or adjacent to, the sea; the seashore.
starry a.
Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
briny a.
Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood. [From Brine.]
cheerily adv.
In a cheery manner.
patiently adv.
In a patient manner.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
lowing n.
The calling sound made by cows and other bovine animals.
anon adv.
Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
jarring a.
Shaking; disturbing; discordant. [See Jar.]
pewter n.
A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth. [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D. peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum. Cf. Spelter.]
dresser n.
One who dresses; one who put in order or makes ready for use; one who on clothes or ornaments.
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
olden a.
Old; ancient; as, the olden time.
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
latch v. t.
To smear; to anoint. [Cf. F. lécher to lick (of German origin). Cf. Lick.]
benedict a.
Having mild and salubrious qualities. [L. benedictus, p. p. of benedicere to bless. See Benison, and cf. Bennet.]
blacksmith n.
A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc. [Black (in allusion to the color of the metal) + smith. Cf. Whitesmith.]
jovial a.
Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter. [F., fr. L. Jovialis pertaining to Jove. The planet Jupiter was thought to make those born under it joyful or jovial. See Jove.]
fireside n.
A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
jest n.
A deed; an action; a gest. [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF. geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perfor]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
warmly adv.
In a warm manner; ardently.
dubious a.
Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or fluctuating; undetermined. [L. dubius, dubiosus, fr. duo two. See Two, and cf. Doubt.]
mower n.
One who, or that which, mows; a mowing machine; as, a lawn mower.
unarmed a.
Not armed or armored; having no arms or weapons. [Pref. un- not + armed.]
twelvemonth n.
A year which consists of twelve calendar months.
inkhorn a.
Learned; pedantic; affected.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part I, Section II is in the public domain. This text is taken from Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie, Project Gutenberg ebook #2039; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Part I, Section II, in Evangeline (1847), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #2039, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-evangeline/part-i-section-ii.html, id L04221.

Form and metre

Part I, Section II is 120 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 71% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 15.4 syllables. 76 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 23% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -------------ABA--B---- longer · enters · bound · islands · september · angel · inclement · honey · asserted · foxes · season · saints · landscape · childhoodA · oceanB · blendedA · yards · pigeons · sunB · him · yellow · forest · jewels
  2. 2 A------------------------A-- stillnessA · descending · homestead · other · evening · heifer · collar · affection · seaside · dog · instinct · superbly · stragglers · protector · howled · marshes · odor · fetlocks · saddles · crimson · blossoms · udders · cadence · descended · yard · stillnessA · doors · silent
  3. 3 --A------A--------- farmer · wreaths · himA · fantastic · darkness · chair · dresser · sunshine · christmas · himA · vineyards · seated · her · shuttle · bagpipe · together · ceases · altar · clicked
  4. 4 ------------AA------------------------------------ lifted · hinges · blacksmith · him · threshold · settle · thee · tobacco · curling · gleams · marshes · blacksmith · firesideA · balladA · with · them · horseshoe · him · continued · anchors · us · commanded · mandate · time · people · purpose · england · blighted · children · blacksmith · continued · royal · outskirts · morrow · kinds · mower · farmer · cornfields · ocean · cannon · sorrow · contract · village · them · twelvemonth · inkhorn · children · lover's · spoken · entered
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
NOW had the season returned, when the nights grow colder and longer,16···/˘˘/····/˘·/˘
And the retreating sun the sign of the Scorpion enters.15··˘/˘·····/˘˘/˘
Birds of passage sailed through the leaden air, from the ice-bound,15··/˘·˘··/˘·····
Desolate northern bays to the shores of tropical islands.15/˘˘/˘·····/˘˘/˘
Harvests were gathered in; and wild with the winds of September15/˘·/˘·······˘/˘
Wrestled the trees of the forest, as Jacob of old with the angel.17/˘····/˘·/˘····/˘
All the signs foretold a winter long and inclement.13···˘/·/˘··/˘˘
Bees, with prophetic instinct of want, had hoarded their honey15··˘/˘/˘···/˘·/˘
Till the hives overflowed; and the Indian hunters asserted16····˘/··/˘˘/˘˘/˘
Cold would the winter be, for thick was the fur of the foxes.15···/˘········/˘
Such was the advent of autumn. Then followed that beautiful season,16···/··/˘·/˘·/˘/˘
Called by the pious Acadian peasants the Summer of All-Saints!16···/˘/˘˘/˘·/˘···
Filled was the air with a dreamy and magical light; and the landscape16······/˘·/˘···/·
Lay as if new-created in all the freshness of childhood.15····˘/˘···/˘·/·
Peace seemed to reign upon earth, and the restless heart of the ocean16·········/˘···/˘
Was for a moment consoled. All sounds were in harmony blended.16···/˘˘/····/˘˘/˘
Voices of children at play, the crowing of cocks in the farm-yards,16/˘·/˘···/˘······
Whir of wings in the drowsy air, and the cooing of pigeons,15·····/˘···/˘·/˘
All were subdued and low as the murmurs of love, and the great sun16··˘/····/˘······
Looked with the eye of love through the golden vapors around him;15········/˘/˘···
While arrayed in its robes of russet and scarlet and yellow,15·˘/····/˘·/˘·/˘
Bright with the sheen of the dew, each glittering tree of the forest16········/˘˘···/˘
Flashed like the plane-tree the Persian adorned with mantles and jewels.16······/˘˘/·/˘·/˘
Now recommenced the reign of rest and affection and stillness.15·········˘/˘·/˘
Day with its burden and heat had departed, and twilight descending17···/˘···˘/˘·/·˘/˘
Brought back the evening star to the sky, and the herds to the homestead.16···/˘·········/·
Pawing the ground they came, and resting their necks on each other,15/˘·····/˘····/˘
And with their nostrils distended inhaling the freshness of evening.17···/˘˘/˘˘/˘·/˘·/˘
Foremost, bearing the bell, Evangeline's beautiful heifer,15/·/˘··˘/˘·/˘˘/˘
Proud of her snow-white hide, and the ribbon that waved from her collar,16········/˘····/˘
Quietly paced and slow, as if conscious of human affection.16/˘˘·····/˘·/˘˘/˘
Then came the shepherd back with his bleating flocks from the seaside,15···/˘···/˘···/·
Where was their favorite pasture. Behind them followed the watch-dog,15···/˘/˘···/˘···
Patient, full of importance, and grand in the pride of his instinct,16/˘··˘/˘·······/˘
Walking from side to side with a lordly air, and superbly15/˘······/˘··/˘˘
Waving his bushy tail, and urging forward the stragglers;14/˘·/˘··/˘/˘·/˘
Regent of flocks was he when the shepherd slept; their protector,15/˘······/˘··˘/˘
When from the forest at night, through the starry silence, the wolves howled.16···/˘····/˘/˘···
Late, with the rising moon, returned the wains from the marshes,15···/˘·˘/˘····/˘
Laden with briny hay, that filled the air with its odor.15/˘·/˘···˘····/˘
Cheerily neighed the steeds, with dew on their manes and their fetlocks,15/˘˘············
While aloft on their shoulders the wooden and ponderous saddles,16·˘/··/˘·/˘·/˘˘/˘
Painted with brilliant dyes, and adorned with tassels of crimson,15/˘·/˘··˘/·/˘·/˘
Nodded in bright array, like hollyhocks heavy with blossoms.15/˘··˘/·/˘·/˘·/˘
Patiently stood the cows meanwhile, and yielded their udders14/˘˘···/··/˘···
Unto the milkmaid's hand; whilst loud and in regular cadence15··········/˘˘/˘
Into the sounding pails the foaming streamlets descended.14···/˘··/˘··˘/˘
Lowing of cattle and peals of laughter were heard in the farm-yard,16/˘·/˘···/˘······
Echoed back by the barns. Anon they sank into stillness;15/˘˘····˘/····/˘
Heavily closed, with a jarring sound, the valves of the barn-doors,15/˘˘···/˘·······
Rattled the wooden bars, and all for a season was silent.15/˘·/˘·····/˘·/˘
In-doors, warm by the wide-mouthed fireplace, idly the farmer15·······/˘·/˘·/˘
Sat in his elbow-chair; and watched how the flames and the smoke-wreaths15···/···········
Struggled together like foe in a burning city. Behind him,16/˘˘/˘····/˘/˘···
Nodding and mocking along the wall, with gestures fantastic,15/˘·/˘˘/···/˘˘/˘
Darted his own huge shadow, and vanished away into darkness.16/˘···/··/˘˘/··/˘
Faces, clumsily carved in oak, on the back of his arm-chair15/˘/˘˘··········
Laughed in the flickering light, and the pewter plates on the dresser16···/˘˘···/˘···/˘
Caught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine.15··˘/˘·····/˘·/·
Fragments of song the old man sang, and carols of Christmas,14/˘·······/˘·/˘
Such as at home, in the olden time, his fathers before him15······/˘··/˘···
Sang in their Norman orchards and bright Burgundian vineyards.15···/˘/˘··˘/˘˘/˘
Close at her father's side was the gentle Evangeline seated,16···/˘···/˘˘/˘·/˘
Spinning flax for the loom, that stood in the corner behind her.15/˘········/˘···
Silent awhile were its treadles, at rest was its diligent shuttle,16/˘˘/·······/˘˘/˘
While the monotonous drone of the wheel, like the drone of a bagpipe,16··˘/˘·········/·
Followed the old man's song, and united the fragments together.16/˘·····˘/˘·/˘˘/˘
As in a church, when the chant of the choir at intervals ceases,16·········/·/˘˘/˘
Footfalls are heard in the aisles, or words of the priest at the altar,16/·············/˘
So, in each pause of the song, with measured motion the clock clicked.15········/˘/˘···
Thus as they sat, there were footsteps heard, and, suddenly lifted,15······/···/˘˘/˘
Sounded the wooden latch, and the door swung back on its hinges.15/˘·/˘········/˘
Benedict knew by the hob-nailed shoes it was Basil the blacksmith,16/˘·········/˘·/·
And by her beating heart Evangeline knew who was with him.15···/˘·˘/˘······
"Welcome!" the farmer exclaimed, as their footsteps paused on the threshold,16/˘·/˘˘/··/····/·
"Welcome, Basil, my friend! Come, take thy place on the settle14/˘/˘········/˘
Close by the chimney-side, which is always empty without thee;15···/˘···/˘/˘···
Take from the shelf overhead thy pipe and the box of tobacco;16····/˘/······˘/·
Never so much thyself art thou as when through the curling14/˘··˘/······/˘
Smoke of the pipe or the forge thy friendly and jovial face gleams15········/˘·/˘··
Round and red as the harvest moon through the mist of the marshes."15·····/˘······/˘
Then, with a smile of content, thus answered Basil the blacksmith,15·····˘/·/˘/˘·/·
Taking with easy air the accustomed seat by the fireside:--16/˘·/˘··˘/˘···/˘·
"Benedict Bellefontaine, thou hast ever thy jest and thy ballad!16/˘·······/····/˘
Ever in cheerfullest mood art thou, when others are filled with15/˘·/˘˘····/˘···
Gloomy forebodings of ill, and see only ruin before them.15/˘˘/˘····/˘/···
Happy art thou, as if every day thou hadst picked up a horseshoe."16/˘····/˘······/·
Pausing a moment, to take the pipe that Evangeline brought him,16/˘·/˘·····˘/˘···
And with a coal from the embers had lighted, he slowly continued:--17······/˘·/˘·/˘˘/˘
"Four days now are passed since the English ships at their anchors15·····˘··/˘···/˘
Ride in the Gaspereau's mouth, with their cannon pointed against us,16·········/˘/˘···
What their design may be is unknown; but all are commanded15··˘/···˘/···˘/˘
On the morrow to meet in the church, where his Majesty's mandate15··/˘·······/˘/·
Will be proclaimed as law in the land. Alas! in the mean time15··˘/·····˘/····
Many surmises of evil alarm the hearts of the people."16/˘˘/˘·/˘˘/····/˘
Then made answer the farmer:--"Perhaps some friendlier purpose15··/˘·/˘˘/·/˘˘/˘
Brings these ships to our shores. Perhaps the harvests in England15····/˘·˘/·/˘·/˘
By untimely rains or untimelier heat have been blighted,15·˘/˘·········/˘
And from our bursting barns they would feed their cattle and children."16··/˘/˘·····/˘·/˘
"Not so thinketh the folk in the village," said, warmly, the blacksmith,16··/˘····/˘·/˘·/·
Shaking his head, as in doubt; then, heaving a sigh, he continued:--16/˘······/˘···˘/˘
"Louisburg is not forgotten, nor Beau Séjour, nor Port Royal.15····˘/˘······/˘
Many already have fled to the forest, and lurk on its outskirts,15/˘/˘····/˘····/
Waiting with anxious hearts the dubious fate of to-morrow.15/˘·/˘··/˘˘···/˘
Arms have been taken from us, and warlike weapons of all kinds;15···/˘···/·/˘···
Nothing is left but the blacksmith's sledge and the scythe of the mower."16/˘····/·······/˘
Then with a pleasant smile made answer the jovial farmer:--15···/˘··/˘·/˘˘/˘
"Safer are we unarmed, in the midst of our flocks and our cornfields,16/˘··˘/····/··///
Safer within these peaceful dikes, besieged by the ocean,15/˘···/˘·˘/˘··/˘
Than our fathers in forts, besieged by the enemy's cannon.16·/˘/˘··˘/··/˘˘/˘
Fear no evil, my friend, and to-night may no shadow of sorrow16··/˘·······/··/˘
Fall on this house and hearth; for this is the night of the contract.15·············/·
Built are the house and the barn. The merry lads of the village15········/˘···/˘
Strongly have built them and well; and, breaking the glebe round about them,16/˘······/˘······
Filled the barn with hay, and the house with food for a twelvemonth.15·˘···········/˘
René Leblanc will be here anon, with his papers and inkhorn.15·˘/···˘/··/˘·/˘
Shall we not then be glad, and rejoice in the joy of our children?"16·······˘/····//˘
As apart by the window she stood, with her hand in her lover's,16·˘/··/˘·······/˘
Blushing Evangeline heard the words that her father had spoken,16/˘˘/˘······/˘·/˘
And, as they died on his lips, the worthy notary entered.15········/˘/˘˘/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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