Sunrise

Emma Lazarus (1849–1887) · 1867–1887

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 117 lines · from Poems, Volume I

Weep for the martyr! Strew his bierWith the last roses of the year;Shadow the land with sables; knellThe harsh-tongued, melancholy bell;Beat the dull muffled drum, and flauntThe drooping banner; let the chantOf the deep-throated organ sob--One voice, one sorrow, one heart-throb,From land to land, from sea to sea--The huge world quires his elegy.Tears, love, and honor he shall have,Through ages keeping green his grave.Too late approved, too early lost,His story is the people's boast.Tough-sinewed offspring of the soil,Of peasant lineage, reared to toil,In Europe he had been a thingTo the glebe tethered--here a king!Crowned not for some transcendent gift,Genius of power that may liftA Caesar or a BonaparteUp to the starred goal of his heart;But that he was the epitomeOf all the people aim to be.Were they his dying trust? He wasNo less their model and their glass.In him the daily traits were viewedOf the undistinguished multitude.Brave as the silent myriads are,Crushed by the juggernaut world-car;Strong with the people's strength, yet mild,Simple and tender as a child;Wise with the wisdom of the heart,Able in council, field, and mart;Nor lacking in the lambent gleam,The great soul's final stamp--the beamOf genial fun, the humor saneWherewith the hero sports with pain.His virtues hold within the spanOf his obscurest fellow-man.To live without reproach, to dieWithout a fear--in these words lieHis highest aims, for none too high.No triumph his beyond the reachOf patient courage, kindly speech;And yet so brave the soul outbreathed,The great example he bequeathed,Were all to follow, we should seeA universal chivalry.

His trust, the People! They respondFrom Maine to Florida, beyondThe sea-walled continent's broad scope,Honor his pledge, confirm his hope.Hark! over seas the echo hence,The nations do him reverence.An Empress lays her votive wreathWhere peoples weep with bated breath.The world-clock strikes a fateful hour,Bright with fair portents, big with power,--The first since history's course has run,When kings' and peoples' cause is one;Those mourn a brother--these a son!

O how he loved them! That gray morn,When his wound-wasted form was borneNorth, from the White House to the sea,Lifting his tired lids thankfully,"How good," he murmured in his pain,"To see the people once again!"Oh, how they loved him! They stood there,Thronging the road, the street, the square,With hushed lips locked in silent prayer,Uncovered heads and streaming eyes,Breathless as when a father dies.The records of the ghostly ride,Past town and field at morning-tide.

When life's full stream is wont to gushThrough all its ways with boisterous rush,--The records note that once a houndHad barked, and once was heard the soundOf cart-wheels rumbling on the stones--And once, mid stifled sobs and groans,One man dared audibly lament,And cried, "God bless the president!"Always the waiting crowds to sendA God-speed to his journey's end--The anxious whisper, brow of gloom,As in a sickness-sacred room,Till his ear drank with ecstasyThe rhythmic thunders of the sea.

Tears for the smitten fatherless,The wife's, the mother's life-distress,To whom the million-throated moanFrom throne and hut, may not atoneFor one hushed voice, one empty chair,One presence missing everywhere.But only words of joy and sheer,The people from his grave shall hear.Were they not worthy of his trust,From whose seed sprang the sacred dust?He broke the bars that separateThe humble from the high estate.And heirs of empire round his bedMourn with the "disinherited."

Oh, toil-worn, patient Heart that bleeds,Whose martyrdom even his exceeds,Wronged, cursed, despised, misunderstood--Oh, all-enduring multitude,Rejoice! amid you tears, rejoice!There issues from this grave a voice,Proclaiming your long night is o'er,Your day-dawn breaks from shore to shore.You have redeemed his pledge, remainedSecure, erect, and self-sustained,Holding more dear one thing alone,Even than the blood of dearest son,Revering with religious aweThe inviolable might of Law.

Words in this poem 28
bier n.
A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. [OE. bæe, beere, AS. b, b; akin to D. baar, OHG. bara, G. bahre, Icel barar, Dbaare, L. feretrum, Gr. , from the same bear to produce. See 1st Bear, and cf. Barr]
flaunt n.
Anything displayed for show.
throb v. i.
To beat, or pulsate, with more than usual force or rapidity; to beat in consequence of agitation; to palpitate; -- said of the heart, pulse, etc. [OE. ; of uncertain origin; cf. Russ. trepete a trembling, and E. trepidation.]
elegy n.
A mournful or plaintive poem; a funereal song; a poem of lamentation.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
starred a.
Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled. [From Star.]
mart v. t.
To buy or sell in, or as in, a mart.
lambent a.
Playing on the surface; touching lightly; gliding over. [L. lambens, -enlis, p. pr. of lambere to lick; akin to lap. See Lap to drink by licking.]
genial a.
Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]
sane a.
Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; -- said of the mind. [L. sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.]
wherewith adv.
With which; -- used relatively.
votive a.
Given by vow, or in fulfillment of a vow; consecrated by a vow; devoted; as, votive offerings; a votive tablet. [L. votivus, fr. votum a vow: cf. F. votif. See Vow.]
bated a.
Reduced; lowered; restrained; as, to speak with bated breath.
fateful a.
Having the power of serving or accomplishing fate.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
streaming a.
Sending forth streams.
breathless a.
Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
ghostly a.
Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]
boisterous a.
Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful. [OE. boistous; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwyst wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, bwystus ferocious.]
rumbling
a. & n. from Rumble, v. i.
drank n.
Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Cf. 3d Drake.]
rhythmic a.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm DAy and night I worked my rhythmic thought. Mrs. Browning. [Gr. rhythmicus, F. rhythmique.]
fatherless a.
Destitute of a living father; as, a fatherless child.
atone v. t.
To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
martyrdom n.
The condition of a martyr; the death of a martyr; the suffering of death on account of adherence to the Christian faith, or to any cause. [Martyr + -dom.]
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Sunrise is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Emma Lazarus, Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #3295; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Emma Lazarus, Sunrise, in Poems, Volume I (1867–1887), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #3295, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lazarus-poems/sunrise.html, id L01913.

Form and metre

Sunrise is 117 lines in 6 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 68% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 88% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.4 syllables. 14 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 27% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABB--CC--DD--EEFFGGHH----IIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPPQQ---- bierA · yearA · knellB · bellB · flaunt · chant · sobC · throbC · sea · elegy · haveD · graveD · lost · boast · soilE · toilE · thingF · kingF · giftG · liftG · bonaparteH · heartH · epitome · be · was · glass · viewedI · multitudeI · areJ · carJ · mildK · childK · heartL · martL · gleamM · beamM · saneN · painN · spanO · manO · dieP · lieP · highP · reachQ · speechQ · outbreathed · bequeathed · see · chivalry
  2. 2 AABBCC--DDEEE respondA · beyondA · scopeB · hopeB · henceC · reverenceC · wreath · breath · hourD · powerD · runE · oneE · sonE
  3. 3 AA--BBCCCDDEE mornA · borneA · sea · thankfully · painB · againB · thereC · squareC · prayerC · eyesD · diesD · rideE · tideE
  4. 4 AABBCCDDEEFF-- gushA · rushA · houndB · soundB · stonesC · groansC · lamentD · presidentD · sendE · endE · gloomF · roomF · ecstasy · sea
  5. 5 AABBCCDDEEFF-- fatherlessA · distressA · moanB · atoneB · chairC · everywhereC · sheerD · hearD · trustE · dustE · separateF · estateF · bed · disinherited
  6. 6 AA--BB--CC--DD bleedsA · exceedsA · misunderstood · multitude · rejoiceB · voiceB · o'er · shore · remainedC · sustainedC · alone · son · aweD · lawD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Weep for the martyr! Strew his bier8···/˘···
With the last roses of the year;8···/˘···
Shadow the land with sables; knell8/····/˘·
The harsh-tongued, melancholy bell;9···˘/˘·˘·
Beat the dull muffled drum, and flaunt9···/˘˘···
The drooping banner; let the chant8·/˘/˘···
Of the deep-throated organ sob--8···/˘/˘·
One voice, one sorrow, one heart-throb,8···/˘···
From land to land, from sea to sea--8········
The huge world quires his elegy.8·····/˘˘
Tears, love, and honor he shall have,8···/˘···
Through ages keeping green his grave.8·/˘/˘···
Too late approved, too early lost,9··˘/˘·/˘·
His story is the people's boast.8·/˘··/˘·
Tough-sinewed offspring of the soil,9·/˘˘/····
Of peasant lineage, reared to toil,10·/˘/˘˘·˘··
In Europe he had been a thing8·/˘·····
To the glebe tethered--here a king!9···/˘˘···
Crowned not for some transcendent gift,9·˘···˘/˘·
Genius of power that may lift8/˘·/˘···
A Caesar or a Bonaparte8·/˘··/˘·
Up to the starred goal of his heart;9····˘····
But that he was the epitome9·····˘/˘˘
Of all the people aim to be.8···/˘···
Were they his dying trust? He was8···/˘···
No less their model and their glass.8···/˘···
In him the daily traits were viewed9···/˘···˘
Of the undistinguished multitude.10···˘/˘˘/˘·
Brave as the silent myriads are,9···/˘/˘˘·
Crushed by the juggernaut world-car;9·˘··/˘···
Strong with the people's strength, yet mild,8···/˘···
Simple and tender as a child;8/˘·/˘···
Wise with the wisdom of the heart,8···/˘···
Able in council, field, and mart;8/˘·/˘···
Nor lacking in the lambent gleam,8·/˘··/˘·
The great soul's final stamp--the beam8···/˘···
Of genial fun, the humor sane8·/˘··/˘·
Wherewith the hero sports with pain.8˘/·/˘···
His virtues hold within the span8·/˘·····
Of his obscurest fellow-man.8··˘/˘/˘·
To live without reproach, to die8····˘/··
Without a fear--in these words lie8········
His highest aims, for none too high.8·/˘·····
No triumph his beyond the reach8·/˘·····
Of patient courage, kindly speech;8·/˘/˘/˘·
And yet so brave the soul outbreathed,9········˘
The great example he bequeathed,9··˘/˘·˘/˘
Were all to follow, we should see8···/˘···
A universal chivalry.8··˘/˘/˘˘
His trust, the People! They respond8···/˘·˘/
From Maine to Florida, beyond8···/˘˘··
The sea-walled continent's broad scope,9···˘/˘˘··
Honor his pledge, confirm his hope.8/˘··˘/··
Hark! over seas the echo hence,8·····/˘·
The nations do him reverence.8·/˘··/˘˘
An Empress lays her votive wreath8·/˘··/˘·
Where peoples weep with bated breath.8·/˘··/˘·
The world-clock strikes a fateful hour,9·····/˘/˘
Bright with fair portents, big with power,--9···/···/˘
The first since history's course has run,9···/˘˘···
When kings' and peoples' cause is one;8···/˘···
Those mourn a brother--these a son!8···/˘···
O how he loved them! That gray morn,9····˘····
When his wound-wasted form was borne8···/˘···
North, from the White House to the sea,8········
Lifting his tired lids thankfully,10/˘·/˘˘·/˘˘
"How good," he murmured in his pain,9···/˘˘···
"To see the people once again!"8···/˘·˘/
Oh, how they loved him! They stood there,9····˘····
Thronging the road, the street, the square,8/˘······
With hushed lips locked in silent prayer,10··˘··˘·/˘·
Uncovered heads and streaming eyes,9˘/˘˘··/˘·
Breathless as when a father dies.8/˘···/˘·
The records of the ghostly ride,8·/˘··/˘·
Past town and field at morning-tide.8·····/˘·
When life's full stream is wont to gush8········
Through all its ways with boisterous rush,9·····/˘˘·
--The records note that once a hound8·˘/·····
Had barked, and once was heard the sound9··˘······
Of cart-wheels rumbling on the stones--9···/˘˘···
And once, mid stifled sobs and groans,9···/˘˘···
One man dared audibly lament,9···˘/˘˘˘/
And cried, "God bless the president!"8·····/˘·
Always the waiting crowds to send8/··/˘···
A God-speed to his journey's end--8·····/˘·
The anxious whisper, brow of gloom,8·/˘/˘···
As in a sickness-sacred room,9···/˘/˘˘·
Till his ear drank with ecstasy8·····/˘˘
The rhythmic thunders of the sea.8·/˘/˘···
Tears for the smitten fatherless,8···/˘/˘˘
The wife's, the mother's life-distress,8···/˘·˘/
To whom the million-throated moan8···/˘/˘·
From throne and hut, may not atone8······˘/
For one hushed voice, one empty chair,9···˘··/˘·
One presence missing everywhere.8·/˘/˘/˘·
But only words of joy and sheer,8·/˘·····
The people from his grave shall hear.8·/˘·····
Were they not worthy of his trust,8···/˘···
From whose seed sprang the sacred dust?9·····/˘˘·
He broke the bars that separate8·····/˘·
The humble from the high estate.8·/˘···˘/
And heirs of empire round his bed9···/˘˘···
Mourn with the "disinherited."8········
Oh, toil-worn, patient Heart that bleeds,8···/˘···
Whose martyrdom even his exceeds,9·/˘˘/˘·˘/
Wronged, cursed, despised, misunderstood--10·˘·˘˘/·˘˘/
Oh, all-enduring multitude,8··˘/˘/˘·
Rejoice! amid you tears, rejoice!8˘/˘/··˘/
There issues from this grave a voice,8·/˘·····
Proclaiming your long night is o'er,8˘/˘·····
Your day-dawn breaks from shore to shore.8········
You have redeemed his pledge, remained10··˘/˘··˘/˘
Secure, erect, and self-sustained,9˘/˘/··˘/˘
Holding more dear one thing alone,8/˘····˘/
Even than the blood of dearest son,9/˘····/˘·
Revering with religious awe8˘/˘·˘/˘·
The inviolable might of Law.9·˘/˘˘˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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