Prelude

Emma Lazarus (1849–1887) · 1867–1887

iambic pentameter · 82 lines · from Poems, Volume I

Blue storm-clouds in hot heavens of mid-JulyHung heavy, brooding over land and sea:Our hearts, a-tremble, throbbed in harmonyWith the wild, restless tone of air and sky.Shall we not call him Prospero who heldIn his enchanted hands the fateful keyOf that tempestuous hour's mystery,And with him to wander by a sun-bright shore,To hear fine, fairy voices, and to flyWith disembodied Ariel once moreAbove earth's wrack and ruin? Far and nighThe laughter of the thunder echoed loud,And harmless lightnings leapt from cloud to cloud.

Floating upon a swelling wave of sound,We seemed to overlook an endless sea:Poised 'twixt clear heavens and glittering surf were we.We drank the air in flight: we knew no boundTo the audacious ventures of desire.Nigh us the sun was dropping, drowned in gold;Deep, deep below the burning billows rolled;And all the sea sang like a smitten lyre.Oh, the wild voices of those chanting waves!The human faces glimpsed beneath the tide!Familiar eyes gazed from profound sea-caves,And we, exalted, were as we had died.We knew the sea was Life, the harmonious cryThe blended discords of humanity.

Look deeper yet: mark 'midst the wave-blurred mass,In lines distinct, in colors clear defined,The typic groups and figures of mankind.Behold within the cool and liquid glassBright child-folk sporting with smooth yellow shells,Astride of dolphins, leaping up to kissFair mother-faces. From the vast abyssHow joyously their thought-free laughter wells!Lulled by the overwhelming water's sound,And some make mouths at dragons, undismayed.Oh dauntless innocence! The gulfs profoundReecho strangely with their ringing glee,And with wise mermaids' plaintive melody.

What do the sea-nymphs in that coral cave?With wondering eyes their supple forms they bendO'er something rarely beautiful. They lendTheir lithe white arms, and through the golden waveThey lift it tenderly. Oh blinding sight!A naked, radiant goddess tranced in sleep,Full-limbed, voluptuous, 'neath the mantling sweepOf auburn locks that kiss her ankles white!Upward they bear her, chanting low and sweet:The clinging waters part before their way,Jewels of flame are dancing 'neath their feet.Up in the sunshine, in soft foam, they layTheir precious burden, and return forlorn.Oh, bliss! oh, anguish! Mortals, LOVE is born!

Hark! from unfathomable deeps a dirgeSwells sobbing through the melancholy air:Where Love has entered, Death is also there.The wail outrings the chafed, tumultuous surge;Ocean and earth, the illimitable skies,Prolong one note, a mourning for the dead,The cry of souls not to be comforted.What piercing music! Funeral visions rise,And send the hot tears raining down our cheek.We see the silent grave upon the hillWith its lone lilac-bush. O heart, be still!She will not rise, she will not stir nor speak.Surely, the unreturning dead are blest.Ring on, sweet dirge, and knell us to our rest!

Upon the silver beach the undines danceWith interlinking arms and flying hair;Like polished marble gleam their limbs left bare;Upon their virgin rites pale moonbeams glance.Softer the music! for their foam-bright feetPrint not the moist floor where they trip their round:Affrighted they will scatter at a sound,Leap in their cool sea-chambers, nimbly fleet,And we shall doubt that we have ever seen,While our sane eyes behold stray wreaths of mist,Shot with faint colors by the moon-rays kissed,Floating snow-soft, snow-white, where these had been.Already, look! the wave-washed sands are bare,And mocking laughter ripples through the air.

Words in this poem 21
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
enchanted a.
Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
fateful a.
Having the power of serving or accomplishing fate.
wrack n.
Wreck; ruin; destruction. [OE. wrak wreck. See Wreck.]
drank n.
Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Cf. 3d Drake.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
astride adv.
With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched wide apart; astraddle. [Pref. a- + stride.]
dauntless a.
Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless; intrepid.
reecho v. t.
To echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills reëcho the roar of cannon.
strangely adv.
As something foreign, or not one's own; in a manner adapted to something foreign and strange.
glee n.
Music; minstrelsy; entertainment.
lithe v. i.
To listen or listen to; to hearken to. P. Plowman. [Icel Listen.]
tenderly adv.
In a tender manner; with tenderness; mildly; gently; softly; in a manner not to injure or give pain; with pity or affection; kindly.
mantling n.
The representation of a mantle, or the drapery behind and around a coat of arms: -- called also lambrequin.
auburn a.
Flaxen-colored. Florio. [OE. auburne blonde, OF. alborne, auborne, fr. LL. alburnus whitish, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Alburn.]
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
dirge n.
A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn. [Contraction of Lat. dirige, direct thou (imperative of dirigere), the first word of a funeral hymn (Lat. transl. of Psalm v. 8) beginning, "Dirige, Domine, in c]
sobbing n.
A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
sane a.
Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; -- said of the mind. [L. sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Prelude is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Emma Lazarus, Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #3295; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Emma Lazarus, Prelude, in Poems, Volume I (1867–1887), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #3295, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lazarus-poems/prelude.html, id L01921.

Form and metre

Prelude is 82 lines in 6 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 7 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 27% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AB-A-B-CACADD julyA · seaB · harmony · skyA · held · keyB · mystery · shoreC · flyA · moreC · nighA · loudD · cloudD
  2. 2 ABBA-CC-DEDE-- soundA · seaB · weB · boundA · desire · goldC · rolledC · lyre · wavesD · tideE · cavesD · diedE · cry · humanity
  3. 3 ABBACDDCE-E-- massA · definedB · mankindB · glassA · shellsC · kissD · abyssD · wellsC · soundE · undismayed · profoundE · glee · melody
  4. 4 ABBACDDCEFEFGG caveA · bendB · lendB · waveA · sightC · sleepD · sweepD · whiteC · sweetE · wayF · feetE · layF · forlornG · bornG
  5. 5 ABBACDDCEFFEGG dirgeA · airB · thereB · surgeA · skiesC · deadD · comfortedD · riseC · cheekE · hillF · stillF · speakE · blestG · restG
  6. 6 ABBACDDC-EE-BB danceA · hairB · bareB · glanceA · feetC · roundD · soundD · fleetC · seen · mistE · kissedE · been · bareB · airB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Blue storm-clouds in hot heavens of mid-July11·····/˘···/
Hung heavy, brooding over land and sea:10·/˘/˘·····
Our hearts, a-tremble, throbbed in harmony11/˘··/˘··/˘˘
With the wild, restless tone of air and sky.10···/˘·····
Shall we not call him Prospero who held10··········
In his enchanted hands the fateful key10··˘/˘··/˘·
Of that tempestuous hour's mystery,11···/˘˘/˘/˘˘
And with him to wander by a sun-bright shore,11····/˘·····
To hear fine, fairy voices, and to fly10···/˘/˘···
With disembodied Ariel once more10·˘˘/˘/˘˘··
Above earth's wrack and ruin? Far and nigh10·····/˘···
The laughter of the thunder echoed loud,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And harmless lightnings leapt from cloud to cloud.10·/˘/˘·····
Floating upon a swelling wave of sound,10/˘···/˘···
We seemed to overlook an endless sea:10···/˘··/˘·
Poised 'twixt clear heavens and glittering surf were we.11···/˘·/˘···
We drank the air in flight: we knew no bound10··········
To the audacious ventures of desire.11··˘/˘/˘·˘/˘
Nigh us the sun was dropping, drowned in gold;10·····/˘···
Deep, deep below the burning billows rolled;10·····/˘/˘·
And all the sea sang like a smitten lyre.10·······/˘·
Oh, the wild voices of those chanting waves!10···/˘··/˘·
The human faces glimpsed beneath the tide!10·/˘/˘·····
Familiar eyes gazed from profound sea-caves,10˘/˘···˘/··
And we, exalted, were as we had died.10··˘/˘·····
We knew the sea was Life, the harmonious cry11·······˘/˘·
The blended discords of humanity.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘˘
Look deeper yet: mark 'midst the wave-blurred mass,10·/˘·······
In lines distinct, in colors clear defined,10··˘/·/˘·˘/
The typic groups and figures of mankind.10·/˘··/˘·//
Behold within the cool and liquid glass10˘/·····/˘·
Bright child-folk sporting with smooth yellow shells,10···/˘··/˘·
Astride of dolphins, leaping up to kiss10˘/·/˘/˘···
Fair mother-faces. From the vast abyss10·/˘/˘···˘/
How joyously their thought-free laughter wells!9······/˘·
Lulled by the overwhelming water's sound,10····˘/˘/˘·
And some make mouths at dragons, undismayed.10·····/˘··˘
Oh dauntless innocence! The gulfs profound10·/˘/˘˘··˘/
Reecho strangely with their ringing glee,9··/˘··/˘·
And with wise mermaids' plaintive melody.10···/·/˘/˘˘
What do the sea-nymphs in that coral cave?10·······/˘·
With wondering eyes their supple forms they bend10·/˘··/˘···
O'er something rarely beautiful. They lend10·/˘/˘/˘˘··
Their lithe white arms, and through the golden wave10·······/˘·
They lift it tenderly. Oh blinding sight!10···/˘˘·/˘·
A naked, radiant goddess tranced in sleep,10·/˘/˘/˘···
Full-limbed, voluptuous, 'neath the mantling sweep10··˘/˘··/˘·
Of auburn locks that kiss her ankles white!10·/˘····/˘·
Upward they bear her, chanting low and sweet:10/˘···/˘···
The clinging waters part before their way,10·/˘/˘·····
Jewels of flame are dancing 'neath their feet.10/˘···/˘···
Up in the sunshine, in soft foam, they lay10···/······
Their precious burden, and return forlorn.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘/
Oh, bliss! oh, anguish! Mortals, LOVE is born!10···/˘/˘···
Hark! from unfathomable deeps a dirge10··˘/˘˘˘···
Swells sobbing through the melancholy air:10·/˘··/˘·˘·
Where Love has entered, Death is also there.10···/˘··/˘·
The wail outrings the chafed, tumultuous surge;10·······/˘·
Ocean and earth, the illimitable skies,10/···˘/˘˘˘·
Prolong one note, a mourning for the dead,10˘/···/˘···
The cry of souls not to be comforted.10·······/˘˘
What piercing music! Funeral visions rise,10·/˘/˘/˘/˘·
And send the hot tears raining down our cheek.10·····/˘·/·
We see the silent grave upon the hill10···/˘·····
With its lone lilac-bush. O heart, be still!10···/······
She will not rise, she will not stir nor speak.10··········
Surely, the unreturning dead are blest.10/˘········
Ring on, sweet dirge, and knell us to our rest!10········/·
Upon the silver beach the undines dance10···/˘··/··
With interlinking arms and flying hair;10··˘/˘··/˘·
Like polished marble gleam their limbs left bare;10·/˘/˘·····
Upon their virgin rites pale moonbeams glance.10···/˘··/··
Softer the music! for their foam-bright feet10/˘·/˘·····
Print not the moist floor where they trip their round:10··········
Affrighted they will scatter at a sound,10·····/˘···
Leap in their cool sea-chambers, nimbly fleet,10·····/˘/˘·
And we shall doubt that we have ever seen,10·······/˘·
While our sane eyes behold stray wreaths of mist,10·/··˘/····
Shot with faint colors by the moon-rays kissed,10···/˘·····
Floating snow-soft, snow-white, where these had been.10/˘········
Already, look! the wave-washed sands are bare,10˘/˘·······
And mocking laughter ripples through the air.10·/˘/˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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