Fifty Years

James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) · 1917

iambic tetrameter · ABAB · 104 lines · from Fifty Years and Other Poems

O brothers mine, to-day we standWhere half a century sweeps our ken,Since God, through Lincoln's ready hand,Struck off our bonds and made us men.

Just fifty years--a winter's day--As runs the history of a race;Yet, as we look back o'er the way,How distant seems our starting place!

Look farther back! Three centuries!To where a naked, shivering score,Snatched from their haunts across the seas,Stood, wild-eyed, on Virginia's shore.

Far, far the way that we have trod,From heathen kraals and jungle dens,To freedmen, freemen, sons of God,Americans and Citizens.

A part of His unknown design,We've lived within a mighty age;And we have helped to write a lineOn history's most wondrous page.

A few black bondmen strewn alongThe borders of our eastern coast,Now grown a race, ten million strong,An upward, onward marching host.

Then let us here erect a stone,To mark the place, to mark the time;A witness to God's mercies shown,A pledge to hold this day sublime.

And let that stone an altar be,Whereon thanksgivings we may lay,Where we, in deep humility,For faith and strength renewed may pray.

With open hearts ask from aboveNew zeal, new courage and new pow'rs,That we may grow more worthy ofThis country and this land of ours.

For never let the thought ariseThat we are here on sufferance bare;Outcasts, asylumed 'neath these skies,And aliens without part or share.

This land is ours by right of birth,This land is ours by right of toil;We helped to turn its virgin earth,Our sweat is in its fruitful soil.

Where once the tangled forest stood,--Where flourished once rank weed and thorn,--Behold the path-traced, peaceful wood,The cotton white, the yellow corn.

To gain these fruits that have been earned,To hold these fields that have been won,Our arms have strained, our backs have burned,Bent bare beneath a ruthless sun.

That Banner which is now the typeOf victory on field and flood--Remember, its first crimson stripeWas dyed by Attucks' willing blood.

And never yet has come the cry--When that fair flag has been assailed--For men to do, for men to die,That have we faltered or have failed.

We've helped to bear it, rent and torn,Through many a hot-breath'd battle breeze;Held in our hands, it has been borneAnd planted far across the seas.

And never yet--O haughty Land,Let us, at least, for this be praised--Has one black, treason-guided handEver against that flag been raised.

Then should we speak but servile words,Or shall we hang our heads in shame?Stand back of new-come foreign hordes,And fear our heritage to claim?

No! stand erect and without fear,And for our foes let this suffice--We've bought a rightful sonship here,And we have more than paid the price.

And yet, my brothers, well I knowThe tethered feet, the pinioned wings,The spirit bowed beneath the blow,The heart grown faint from wounds and stings;

The staggering force of brutish might,That strikes and leaves us stunned and daezd;The long, vain waiting through the nightTo hear some voice for justice raised.

Full well I know the hour when hopeSinks dead, and 'round us everywhereHangs stifling darkness, and we gropeWith hands uplifted in despair.

Courage! Look out, beyond, and seeThe far horizon's beckoning span!Faith in your God-known destiny!We are a part of some great plan.

Because the tongues of GarrisonAnd Phillips now are cold in death,Think you their work can be undone?Or quenched the fires lit by their breath?

Think you that John Brown's spirit stops?That Lovejoy was but idly slain?Or do you think those precious dropsFrom Lincoln's heart were shed in vain?

That for which millions prayed and sighed,That for which tens of thousands fought,For which so many freely died,God cannot let it come to naught.

Words in this poem 15
jungle n.
A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil. [Hind. jangal desert, forest, jungle; Skr. ja desert.]
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
whereon adv.
On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
sufferance n.
The state of suffering; the bearing of pain; endurance. [OE. suffrance, OF. sufrance, soufrance, F. souffrance, L. sufferentia, from sufferens, -entis, p.pr. of sufferre. See Suffer.]
backs n.
Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
ruthless a.
Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless.
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
heritage a.
That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance. [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage, F. héritage, fr. hériter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See Hereditable.]
suffice v. i.
To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire (cf. suffisant, p.pr.), L. sufficere to put under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice; sub under + facere to make. Se]
rightful a.
Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons.
sonship n.
The state of being a son, or of bearing the relation of a son; filiation. Dr. H. More.
pinioned a.
Having wings or pinions.
brutish a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel, gross, and stupid nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent.
undone a.
Not done or performed; neglected. [Pref. un- not + done.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Fifty Years is in the public domain. This text is taken from Fifty Years, & Other Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #17884; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: James Weldon Johnson, Fifty Years, in Fifty Years and Other Poems (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #17884, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/johnson-fifty-years/fifty-years.html, id L08286.

Form and metre

Fifty Years is 104 lines in 26 stanzas of 4 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABAB, complete in 21 of its 26 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 17% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB standA · kenB · handA · menB
  2. 2 ABAB dayA · raceB · wayA · placeB
  3. 3 ABAB centuriesA · scoreB · seasA · shoreB
  4. 4 ABAB trodA · densB · godA · citizensB
  5. 5 ABAB designA · ageB · lineA · pageB
  6. 6 ABAB alongA · coastB · strongA · hostB
  7. 7 ABAB stoneA · timeB · shownA · sublimeB
  8. 8 -A-A be · layA · humility · prayA
  9. 9 A-A- aboveA · pow'rs · ofA · ours
  10. 10 ABAB ariseA · bareB · skiesA · shareB
  11. 11 ABAB birthA · toilB · earthA · soilB
  12. 12 ABAB stoodA · thornB · woodA · cornB
  13. 13 ABAB earnedA · wonB · burnedA · sunB
  14. 14 ABAB typeA · floodB · stripeA · bloodB
  15. 15 ABAB cryA · assailedB · dieA · failedB
  16. 16 ABAB tornA · breezeB · borneA · seasB
  17. 17 ABAB landA · praisedB · handA · raisedB
  18. 18 -A-A words · shameA · hordes · claimA
  19. 19 ABAB fearA · sufficeB · hereA · priceB
  20. 20 ABAB knowA · wingsB · blowA · stingsB
  21. 21 A-A- mightA · daezd · nightA · raised
  22. 22 ABAB hopeA · everywhereB · gropeA · despairB
  23. 23 -A-A see · spanA · destiny · planA
  24. 24 ABAB garrisonA · deathB · undoneA · breathB
  25. 25 ABAB stopsA · slainB · dropsA · vainB
  26. 26 ABAB sighedA · foughtB · diedA · naughtB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
O brothers mine, to-day we stand8·/˘·····
Where half a century sweeps our ken,8···/˘·/·
Since God, through Lincoln's ready hand,8···/˘/˘·
Struck off our bonds and made us men.8··/·····
Just fifty years--a winter's day--8·/˘··/˘·
As runs the history of a race;8···/˘···
Yet, as we look back o'er the way,8········
How distant seems our starting place!8·/˘·//˘·
Look farther back! Three centuries!8·/˘··/˘˘
To where a naked, shivering score,8···/˘/˘·
Snatched from their haunts across the seas,8····˘/··
Stood, wild-eyed, on Virginia's shore.8····˘/˘·
Far, far the way that we have trod,8········
From heathen kraals and jungle dens,8·/˘··/˘·
To freedmen, freemen, sons of God,8···/˘···
Americans and Citizens.8˘/˘˘·/˘˘
A part of His unknown design,8····˘/˘/
We've lived within a mighty age;8·····/˘·
And we have helped to write a line8········
On history's most wondrous page.8·/˘˘·/˘·
A few black bondmen strewn along8······˘/
The borders of our eastern coast,8·/˘·//˘·
Now grown a race, ten million strong,8·····/˘·
An upward, onward marching host.8·/˘/˘/˘·
Then let us here erect a stone,8····˘/··
To mark the place, to mark the time;8········
A witness to God's mercies shown,8·/˘··/˘·
A pledge to hold this day sublime.8······˘/
And let that stone an altar be,8·····/˘·
Whereon thanksgivings we may lay,8˘/·/˘···
Where we, in deep humility,8····˘/˘˘
For faith and strength renewed may pray.8····˘/··
With open hearts ask from above8·/˘·····
New zeal, new courage and new pow'rs,8···/˘···
That we may grow more worthy of8·····/˘·
This country and this land of ours.9·/˘····/˘
For never let the thought arise8·/˘···˘/
That we are here on sufferance bare;9·····/˘˘·
Outcasts, asylumed 'neath these skies,8/·˘/˘···
And aliens without part or share.8·/˘·····
This land is ours by right of birth,8···/····
This land is ours by right of toil;8···/····
We helped to turn its virgin earth,8·····/˘·
Our sweat is in its fruitful soil.8/····/˘·
Where once the tangled forest stood,--8···/˘/˘·
Where flourished once rank weed and thorn,--8·/˘·····
Behold the path-traced, peaceful wood,8˘/···/˘·
The cotton white, the yellow corn.8·/˘··/˘·
To gain these fruits that have been earned,8········
To hold these fields that have been won,8········
Our arms have strained, our backs have burned,8/···/···
Bent bare beneath a ruthless sun.8·····/˘·
That Banner which is now the type8·/˘·····
Of victory on field and flood--8·/˘˘····
Remember, its first crimson stripe8˘/˘··/˘·
Was dyed by Attucks' willing blood.8·····/˘·
And never yet has come the cry--8·/˘·····
When that fair flag has been assailed--8······˘/
For men to do, for men to die,8········
That have we faltered or have failed.8···/˘···
We've helped to bear it, rent and torn,8········
Through many a hot-breath'd battle breeze;8·/···/˘·
Held in our hands, it has been borne8··/·····
And planted far across the seas.8·/˘·˘/··
And never yet--O haughty Land,8·/˘··/˘·
Let us, at least, for this be praised--8········
Has one black, treason-guided hand8···/˘/˘·
Ever against that flag been raised.8/˘······
Then should we speak but servile words,8·····/˘·
Or shall we hang our heads in shame?8····/···
Stand back of new-come foreign hordes,8·····/˘·
And fear our heritage to claim?8··//˘˘··
No! stand erect and without fear,8··˘/····
And for our foes let this suffice--8··/···˘/
We've bought a rightful sonship here,8···/˘/˘·
And we have more than paid the price.8········
And yet, my brothers, well I know8···/˘···
The tethered feet, the pinioned wings,8·/˘··/˘·
The spirit bowed beneath the blow,8·/˘·····
The heart grown faint from wounds and stings;8········
The staggering force of brutish might,8·/˘··/˘·
That strikes and leaves us stunned and daezd;8········
The long, vain waiting through the night8···/˘···
To hear some voice for justice raised.8·····/˘·
Full well I know the hour when hope8·····/··
Sinks dead, and 'round us everywhere8·····/˘·
Hangs stifling darkness, and we grope8·/˘/˘···
With hands uplifted in despair.8··/˘˘·˘/
Courage! Look out, beyond, and see8/˘······
The far horizon's beckoning span!8··˘/˘/˘·
Faith in your God-known destiny!8·····/˘˘
We are a part of some great plan.8········
Because the tongues of Garrison8·····/˘˘
And Phillips now are cold in death,8·/˘·····
Think you their work can be undone?8······˘/
Or quenched the fires lit by their breath?8···/····
Think you that John Brown's spirit stops?8·····/˘·
That Lovejoy was but idly slain?8·/···/˘·
Or do you think those precious drops8·····/˘·
From Lincoln's heart were shed in vain?8·/˘·····
That for which millions prayed and sighed,8···/˘···
That for which tens of thousands fought,8·····/˘·
For which so many freely died,8···/˘/˘·
God cannot let it come to naught.8·/˘·····

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